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- pdwfwefcdk;tm;jzifY odEdkifonf/- xdkYjyif odEdkifpGrf;(ynmpGrf;)jzifYvnf; odEkdifonf/

þodkY ESpfrsdK;ajzMuzdkY ½Sdygonf/

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xdktqifYtxd jr§ifYwifNyD;olonf ÓPftxl;rsm; uGefYjrL;0ifqefYvmatmif enf;emcHí avYvmrIudk jyKvkyf&ayonf/xdktqifYodkY a&mufaomtcg udk,fwpfa,mufwnf;yif jzpfvsuf ]wpf&myJ? wpfaxmifyJ-



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]olrsm;awG bmpdwful;aeygovJ}-[k odatmif tavYtusifYvkyfvsif odEdkifonf/ ta0;uvlawG\ tjzpftysufESifY toHyvHrsm;udkvnf;od&çjrif&çMum;&atmif vkyfEdkifayonf}/ ]rarG;cifb0ESifY aoNyD;aemufb0awGudkvnf; odatmif}-vkyfEdkifonf/

þonfwdkYonfum; pdwfwefcdk;rsm; jzpfonf/} þodkY ajzaumif;ajzayrnf/

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þodkYaomavYvmcsufrsm;udk ,kwådaA'ynmjzifY avYvmod½SdcsufawGyJ-[lí rowfrSwfbdkY pm½IolwdkYtm; owday;vdkygonf/ þavYvmod½Sdcsufonf psmefyGm;jcif;? tbdnmOf&jcif;ESifY xdkxdkþþ b0rsm;udkjrifjcif;wdkY\ uGif;quftodrsm; tvsOf;yif r½Sdyg/ xdkYjyif þrQ todynmonfvnf; tbd"r®mynm r[kwfao;yg/

wefcdk;udk vufcHvdkvsif odkYr[kwf vufcHNyD;jzpfvsif wefcdk;udk þodkYaom ,kwådaA'enf;jzifY csOf;uyfNyD;zdkY vdkygonf/

xdkYjyif-aemufwpfcsufjzifYvnf; csOf;uyfzdkY vdkygonf/ þtcsufrSm wefcdk;

½Sifudk odkYr[kwf wefcdk;½Sif\wefcdk;pGrf;udk udk,fwdkifavYvmapYikMunfhjcif;jzpfygonf/

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wefcdk;onf obm0owåd-qdkNyD; wcgw&H txl; rqnf;yl;aomfvnf; jznfhqD;csuf tvdktavsmufaeNyD; &½Sdjcif;rsm; jzpfwwfygonf/



Oyrmè udk,fYtwGuf ra0;awmYaom tem*wfü tjzpfqdk;BuD; jzpfvdkaomtcg jzpfap? tjzpfaumif;BuD;jzpfvdkaomtcg jzpfap? xdk-xl;jcm;aomtjzpfudk tem*wfrwdkifrDuyif od½SdNyD;ovdk jzpfaejcif;rsm; jzpfonf/

þodkYaom tjzpfrsdK;rsm;onf vlwdkif;vdkvdkrSmyif wpfBudrfr[kwfwpfBudrf qdkovdkü jzpfzl;Muayonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; xdk-rjzpfao;aom]tjzpf}ESifY BudKwifNyD;odjcif;ESifY tb,fodkYqufpyfonf-[laom,kwådaA'ynmum; r½SdMuçrodMuay/ b,fvdkvnf;rodygbl;-[komrSwfcsufcsMu&onf/

þü ]'g-pdwfwefcdk;aygY}? þodkYaom rSwfcsufrsdK;um; ,kwådaA'ynmr[kwfay/ ]pdwfwefcdk;onf pdwfwefcdk;jzpfonf}-[k odjcif;um; emrnfrSnfhwwfaomynmomjzpfayonf/

wefcdk;\ ,kwådaA'ynmonf wefcdk;&jcif;xuf av;eufjcif; ½Sdayonf/ xdkYaMumifY pm½Iolrsm;onf wefcdk;\ ,kwådaA'ynmESifY pyfvsOf;íoabmayguf em;vnfxm;NyD;jzpf&ef taMumif; enf;ayonf/ tb,fYaMumifYqdkaomf wefcdk;udkyif tvdktavsmuf&½Sdjcif;rSty vkyfEdkifolyif½Sdaumif;rS½Sdrnf jzpfaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/

11/ wefcdk;onf vl\ rarG;rDESifYaoNyD;aemuftjzpfudk odEdkifovm;xdkYaMumifY wefcdk;taMumif;aqG;aEG;&mü wefcdk;udk ,kwådaA'ynm

jzifY avYvmcsufudk csefvSyf&rnf jzpfygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; þae&mütcsufwpfcsufudkawmY tqdkjyKxm;cJYvdkygonf/ ,if;um;-

]wefcdk;onf rarG;rDuESifY aoNyD;aemuf tjzpfwpfckckudkrjrifEdkif? rodEdkif}-[laomtcsufyif jzpfygonf/þtqdkudk pm½Iol tav;teuf em;vnfcJYapcsifygonf/ wefcdk;

\ ,kwådaA'ynmabmiftwGif;rS þtqdkudk acszsufEdkifaom pGrf;&nfudk



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ta0;ae&m vSrf;jrifEdkifaom wefckd;? ta0;tcsdefudk a½SUaemufr[l vSrf;jrifEdkifaom wefcdk;? olrsm;pdwfudkodaom wefcdk;? ta0;rStoHudkvSrf;Mum;Edkifaom wefcdk;-wdkYjzpfygonf/

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xdkolwdkY xdkodkYyif ajymaomfvnf; xdkolwdkY\pum;onf tESpftom;aumufí &onf[lí tvsOf;yif r½SdEdkifay/ Oyrmè pGef;vGef;q&mawmfBuD;-paom jrefrmjynfrS orxwefcdk;½Sifrsm;onf i&Jom;rsm; taMumif;? ewfa'0wmrsm; taMumif;udk rsm;pGmajymqdkcJYMuayonf/

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b,foljzpfcJYonf/ þpum;udk avYvm&ef igaoíjrKyfESHcJYaom ,ckb,f



ae&mü ajrwGif rnfrQwl;azmfvsif awGUjrifEdkifrnf}/ þodkY oufaoxlvsufa[majymjcif;½Sdrnf r[kwfay/ xdkodkYjzpfvsif xdkolwdkY\ta[monf tESpfom&rJYaom ]wkpäpum;}rsm;rQom jzpfav&monf/

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xdkYaMumifY ]aemufb0? aemifb0ESifYpyfí wefcdk;jzifY tvsOf;yifra[majymEdkif}- [líyif aumufcsuf csay;vdkygonf/



þrQaom wefcdk;taMumif; aqG;aEG;csufonf þaumufcsufudkcsEdkif&ef vkHavmufcJYNyD-[k pma&;ol ,kHMunfygonf/

12/ ynmpGrf;jzifY vl\ a½SUb0aemufb0 odEdkifovm;þrQjzifY wefcdk;taMumif; aqG;aEG;csufudk &yfem;NyD;? qdkvdkjcif;

taMumif;bufqDodkY jyefqufay;vdkygonf/ þwefcdk;taMumif; aqG;aEG;bufqDodkY xGufvmonfum; ]vlonf aemufb0? aemifb0taMumif;odEdkifoavm}-[laom jyóemtwGuf tcsdKUolwdkY\ ]wefcdk;jzifY odEdkifonf}-[laom pum;rSjzpfonf/

þrQjzifY þtqdkudk aqG;aEG;cJYNyD;NyD-[k ,kHMunfygonf/ qufvufí ]ynmpGrf;jzifY vl\ a½SUb0? aemufb0udk odEdkdifonf}-[laom tqdkudk aqG;aEG;zdkY vdkygao;onf/

þ ]ynmtpGrf;[lonf tb,fenf;}/ þjyóemjzifY xdktqdkudkaqG;aEG;rI tpjyK&ygrnf/ tb,fonf ynmtpGrf; jzpfoenf;/

]ynmpGrf;}-[lonf tusdK;udkodojzifY taMumif;udkodjcif;? tpdwfudkodojzifY taygif;udkodddjcif;- tp½SdonfwdkY jzpfownf;/

avmuü ]taoG;udkjrifí toGifukdkodjcif;? tayG;udkjrifí tyifudkodjcif;}-rsm;onfvnf; ynmpGrff;jzifY azmfjyaom pum;rsm;yif jzpfygonf/ ykHpHtm;jzifY vlwpfOD;\ ajymqdkpum; wpfvkH;wavudk Mum;umrQjzifY xdkol\t&nftcsif; b,frQjzpfonf-qdkonfukd odjrifjcif;? tvsm;ESifYteHudkodojzifY tus,ft0ef;udkodjcif; ponfwdkYjzpfonf/

xdkodkYqdkvsif-a½SUçaemufb0rsm;udk odaom ynmpGrf;um; tb,fenf;/tb,fudk jrifojzifY a½SUESifYaemufb0rsm;udk tb,fykH odoenf;/a½SUçaemufb0rsm;udk odaom ynmum; ]Ak'¨tbd"r®mynm}-



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[lí jzpfMuonf/



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tb,frS vGwfajrmufjcif;onf vGwfajrmufjcif;(0drkwåd) jzpfoenf;/vGwfajrmufjcif;(0drkwåd)teuf tw¬t"dyÜg,fum; tb,fenf;/tb,fonf vGwfajrmufjcif;(0drkwåd)\ o½kyfouef jzpfavo

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vlwGif;ü ½SdaMumif;- ajz&ayrnf/xdkYjyifvnf; xdkopömrsm;onf wpfcsufjcif;jzpfMuoavmç wNydKif

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xdkYaMumifY xdkar;cGef;rsm;udk xkwfjyvdkufygNyD/



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rsdK;} aemufxyfí aygif;vmao;onf-[k rcH,loifYukef/ cH,lvsif ]tm*rçobm0} wpfckckjzpfaom ,kwådjzifY jyqdk&efvdkonf/ rjyEdkifbJ cH,lvsif]pdwful;,OfpdwåZjzpfrI odkYr[kwf tmo0yGm;rI}om tzwfwifNyD; qif&JJwGif;euf&zdkY ½Sdonf/

34/ a,musfm;çrdef;r b,fvdkaMumifY uGJjym;&oenf;þae&mü rauseyfvsif pm½Iolü ar;p&mar;cGef;wcsdKU xGufzdkY½Sdyg

onf/ þodkY ]ypönf;ESpfckaygif;í vljzpfonf}qdkvsif vlwdkif;yif twljzpfMuygawmYavm/ vlwdkif;yiftrdESifYtzwdkY\ aoG;a&mpyfjcif;aMumifY jzpfMuonfcsif;wlvsuf tb,faMumifY vlrsm; wpfOD;ESifYwpfOD; rwluGJjym; jcm;em;Muoenf;}/ þodkY ar;zdkY½Sdygonf/

]vlrsm;onf tb,fodkY wpfOD;ESifYwpfOD; rwluGJjym; jcm;em;aeoenf;}- þodkY jyefar;vsif atmufygtwdkif; ajzayrnfè

]vlonf wpfOD;ESifYwpfOD;wlonf-[lí wpfa,mufrQ r½Sd/ wpfckr[kwf wpfckü uGJjym;jcm;em;vsuf½Sdonfudk rkcsawGUEdkifonf/ þonfwdkYudkxm;í tBuD;rm;qkH;aom uGJjym;rIudkxkwfjyvsif ]a,musfm;ESifY rdef;r}jzpfonf/

aoG;ESpfcka&mpyfí jzpfonfcsnf;qdkvsif twlwl jzpfygawmYavm/tb,faMumifY tcsdKUonf a,musfm;jzpfí tcsdKUonf rdef;rrsm; jzpfaeMuoenf;/ þodkY jyefar;csif ayvdrfYrnf/ þjyóemudkajz&eftwGufar;oltm; tenf;i,f jyefíar;cGef;xkwf&ygrnf/ ,if;um; atmufygwdkYjzpfygonfè

a,musfm;qdkwm b,fvdk[mvJ/rdef;rqdkwmuaum b,fvdk[mvJ/



a,musfm;ESifYrdef;r[lonf vl\aygifESpfvkH;qkH&mü toGifoP²mefrwl uGJjym;jcm;em;Muaom tjzpf½Sdolrsm;udk qdkygoavm/

pm½Iolonf þtar;twGuf pdwf wdkaumif;wdkygrnf/ xdkYaMumifY]'gr[kwfvdkY bmvJ}-[kyif qdkcsifaumif; qdkcsifygvdrfYrnf/ þodkYrsm;tu,fíqdkcJYvsif pm½Ioludk ar;cGef;jzifYyif ajz&ygrnf/

[kwfygonf/ a,musfm;çrdef;rwdkY\ aygifESpfvkH;qkH&mü xl;jcm;aomtoGifoP²mef ESpfrsdK;onf vl-pjzpf&mü wwd,ypönf;jzpfaom *EAÁaMumifYjzpfonf/ ,if; *EAÁ\taMumif;onf ]tvkH;}jzpf&ef qnf;yl;cJYvsif ]tvkH;}jzpfonf/ ]tjym;}jzpf&ef oifYavsmfvsif ]tjym;}jzpfonf/ þodkYqdkvsifþodkY vkH;aomçjym;aomoabmonf vlürl oifYwefygap/

xef;yifrsm;ü tb,faMumifY tcsdKUxef;apYudkpdkufvsif xef;ryifaygufvsuf? tcsdKUxef;apYudkpdkufvsif xef;zdkyif aygufvmMu&oenf;/xef;yifu xef;oD;-oD;í xef;apYjzpf&mü vluJYodkY ]*EAÁ}[laom wwd,ypönf;rsm; yg0ifaejyefao;oavm/ (oabFmyifvnf; twlyif)/

þtar;jzifYyif ajz&ygrnf/ ]t0dnmPu}[laom emrfw&m;r½Sdaom þxef;apYonf tzdkçtr ESpfrsdK;aomxef;yifrsm;udk aygufyGm;apEdkifao;vsif vlrsdK;apYjzpfaom trdçtzwdkY\ aoG;taygif;aMumifY vl-toGifuGJrIrsm;jzpfonfudk vufcHEdkifoifYygonf/

,aeYvlrsm;onf tu,fí vdkvsif vljzpf&mü xdk-vljzpftHhaomvl\ aygifESpfvkH;qkH&mü tvkH;udkvdkvsif-tvkH;? tjym;udkvdkvsif-tjym;jzpfatmif jyKvkyfEdkifvsufyif ½SdaeMuayNyD/ a,musfm;\ rsdK;aoG;xJrStvkH;udk jzpfapEdkifaom rsdK;aoG;trsdK;tpm;jzifY rdef;r\rsdK;Oudkudk aygif;apvdkufvsif arG;vmaomuav;\ aygifESpfvkH;qkH&mü tvkH;uav; yg½Sdvmrnf jzpfonf/



xdkYaMumifY vl\ aygifESpfvkH;qkH&mü tvkH;oP²mef? tjym;oP²mefESpfrsdK;jzpfjcif;onf ]*E¨AÁ}\ taMumif;tm;avsmfpGmjzpfonf r[kwf/trdaoG;ESifY tzaoG; aygif;&mü tzaoG;\ ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;½SdonfhteufwpfrsdK;ESifYaygif;jcif;aMumifY tzdkjzpfap? trjzpfap wpfrsdK;jzpfjcif; jzpfonf/

tzdkrsdK;aoG;ESifYaygif;vsif tzdkjzpfonf/ trrsdK;aoG;ESifYaygif;vsiftrjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifY vl-aygifESpfvkH;qkH&mü oP²mefESpfrsdK;teuf wpfrsdK;rsdK;jzpf&ef taMumif;&if;rSm ]tz\rsdK;aoG;}om jzpfonf/ xdk-tzaoG;onfvnf; xdkESpfrsdK; a&maeaomaMumifY trdrsdK;OESifY xdpyf&mü wpfrsdK;aomtzaoG;ESifYom xdpyfaygif;pnf;avonf/

,if;odkY aygif;pnf;jcif;udkvnf; tb,ftrsdK;ESifYom aygif;pnf;&rnf? tb,ftrsdK;ESifY raygif;&[k bmESifYrQ? b,folurS pnf;owfaygif;qkHay;jcif;vnf; ,aeYtxd ½SdcJYzl;onf r[kwfacs/

xdkYaMumifY vlwdkY\ aygif;ESpfvkH;qkH&mü xl;jcm;aomtoGifoP²mefESpfrsdK;teufwpfrsdK;rsdK;udk &aeMujcif;onf ]tAsmyg'}(aMumifYMurJY)&ae&jcif;om jzpfayonf/ ]uH}aumif;ívnf; r[kwf? ]uH}qdk;ívnf;r[kwfukef/

xdkYjyifvnf; þtoGifoP²mefESpfrsdK;teuf tb,ftrsdK;onf-aumif;onf? tb,ftrsdK;onf-qdk;nHhonf-[lívnf; r½Sd/ ]½Sdonf}-xifolrsm;onf pdwfrrSefol? pdwåZa&m*g½SdolwdkYom jzpfMuayonf/tb,faMumifYqdkaomf þtoGifoP²mefrsm;onf ]uH}\tusdK;jzpfaomtoGifoP²mefrsm; r[kwfMuaomaMumifYwnf;/

þ-a,musfm;ESifYrdef;ronf aumif;rIçraumif;rIudk jyKvkyfjcif;[laom vl\uHaMumifY jzpfay:vmaom a,musfm;ESifYrdef;rrsm; r[kwfaomaMumifY[k qdkvdkygonf/



þ-aumif;rIçraumif;rIuHaMumifYjzpfaom a,musfm;çrdef;r[lí½Sdygao;\avm-[k ar;csifaumif; ar;csifygvdrfYrnf/

½Sdygonf/ aoaocsmcsmyif-½Sdygonf-[lí ajz&ygrnf/ tv,fvrf;tawG;tac:udk odjrifNyD;olrsm;\ avmuü a,musfm;çrdef;rteufj'yfonf aygifESpfvkH;qkH&müuGJjym;aom toGifoP²mefudkrSwfí qkH;jzwfjcif; tvsOf;yif r½SdMuacs/

xdkolwdkYonf a,musfm;ESifYrdef;rudk tb,fodkYowfrSwfMuoenf;-[k ar;zG,f½Sdygonf/ xdkoljrwfwdkYonf atmufygtwdkif; owfrSwfMuygonfè

]vlwpfOD;OD;onf ol\ aygifESpfvkH;qkH&mae&mü tvkH;ygonf jzpfap? tjym;ygonfjzpfap? oefY½Sif;aom [efyeftjcif;t&m½Sdvsif]a,musfm;}jzpf\/ r½Sdvsif ]rdef;r} jzpfonf}/

oefY½Sif;aomtjcif;t&m[lonf tb,fenf;/tm½Hkig;yg;udk cHpm;jcif;½Sdaom avmuüom þ-oefY½Sif;ç roefY

½Sif;[laom pum;udk ajymqdkp&m ½Sdygonf/ þ-]oefY½Sif;}[lonfrSm]BudKufvdkjcif;}u vGefuJí? tBudKufcHvdkjcif;u ikyfcsdKUaejcif;-[k tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifY qdk&ygrnf/ xdkYtwl ]roefY½Sif;}-[lonfrSmvnf; BudKufvdkjcif;ua½SUwef;a&mufrvmbJ ]tBudKufcHvdkjcif;}u a½SUwef;a&mufjcif;[k qdk&ygrnf/

þodkYaom trlt&m[efyef tBuD;ti,frsm;jzifY oGm;jcif;ç vmjcif;ç vIyf½Sm;jcif;ç upm;jcif;ç jyifqifcs,fojcif;paom udk,ftrlt&m?EIwftrlt&mrsm;onf a,musfm;ESifY rdef;rudk cGJjcm;aom tjcif;t&mrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ wenf;tm;jzifY ]roefY½Sif;}[laom pum;\teufonfþodkY em;vnfoifYonf/

]ESpfoufom,mzG,faom tqif;çtoHçteHYçt&omçtawGUwdkYudktvdk&rufaemufodkY aumufaumufvdkufí vGefvGefusL;usL; rl;rl;arYarY



cHpm;jcif;? ,if;cHpm;jcif;aMumifYjzpfaom udk,fçEIwftrlt&mrsm; jzpfonf}/]oefY½Sif;aom tjcif;t&m}-[lonf ]ESpfoufom,mzG,faumif;

aom tqif;ponfwdkYü rcHpm; r[kwfaomfvnf; vGefusL;,pfrl;jcif; r½SdbJxdef;xdef;odrf;odrf;jzifY rrSm;,Gif;atmifcHpm;jcif;? ,if;cHpm;jcif;aMumifYjzpfaom udk,fçEIwftrlt&mrsm; jzpfonf}/ wenf;vnf;-

]avmbrsm;ol\ udk,fçEIwfçESvkH; trlt&mrsm;}onf ]roefY½Sif;aom tjcif;t&m} jzpfygonf/ avmbw&m;rsm;uif;uGmaejcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; enf;yg;aom odkYr[kwf ]w'*Fy[mef y,fowfxm;aomolwdkY\ udk,fçEIwfçESvkH; trlt&m}onf ]oefY½Sif;}onf/ xdkodkY oefY½Sif;aomtjcif;t&m½Sdolonf a,musfm;tjzpf ½Sdol? roefY½Sif;aom tjcif;t&m½Sdolonf rdef;rtjzpf-[laom udk,fum,½kyfw&m;½Sdol jzpfonf/

þa,musfm;ESifY rdef;rrsm;onfom t,kwfESifYtjrwf cGJí&onf/tv,fvrf;tjrifudk oabmayguf odjrifolwdkYavmuü txuf

qdkcJYNyD;onfhtwdkif; a,musfm;çrdef;r[lonfrSm þolwdkYom jzpfonf/þodkY t,kwfçtjrwf ]uH}jzifYcGJí&aom a,musfm;ESifY rdef;rrsm;

udkjrifjcif; tawGUtBuKHjzifY rarG;rDESifYaoNyD;aemuf b0rsm;½SdaMumif;todynm rjzpfEdkif/

þt&monf Ak'tbd"r®t& jzpfonf/

35/ vlwdkY\ rwlaomtjzpfrsm; bmYaMumifYuGJjym;jcm;em;&ovJtjcm; rsufarSmuf tjrifoufaoxlp&m wpfckckjzifYom aemif

b0ç aemufb0rsm;½SdaMumif; odEdkifaumif; odEdkifayrnf/ xdkYaMumifY tjcm;rsufarSmuftjrifwpfckckudk xkwfvdku xkwf&ef pm½Ioltm; wdkufwGef;&ayrnf/ þodkYqdkvsif pm½IolxHrS wifjyp&m tajrmuftjrm; xGufvmzdkY½Sdayonf/



xdkYaMumifY þodkY wifjy&ayrnfè]vlonf trdçtzwdkY\ rsdK;aoG;rsm; a&mpyfjcif;aMumifY jzpfay:vm

onfqdktHh/vlwdkYonf tcsif;csif; twltrQ jzpfMu&monf? ,ckrlum;xdkodkY rjzpf-

(1) tcsdKUvlrsm;onf toufwdkí? tcsdKUvlrsm; touf½SnfMuonf/

(2) tcsdKUvlrsm;onf a&m*guif;í? tcsdKUrl a&m*grsm;Muonf/(3) tcsdKUvlrsm;onf ½kyftqif;vSMuí? tcsdKUrl t½kyfqdk;Muonf/(4) tcsdKUvlrsm;onf rdwfaqGo*F[rsm;ESifY MoZmtmPmrsm;í?

tcsdKUenf;Muonf/(5) tcsdKUvlwdkYonf aiGaMu;OpömrGJí? tcsdKU csrf;om<u,f0Mu

onf/(6) tcsdKUvlwdkYonf Zmwd[kqdktyfaom jzpfyGm;rI odkYr[kwf vkyf

udkifrI? þt&mwdkif; tqifajyjrifYjrwfí? tcsdKU tqifrajy?,kwfnHhMuonf/

(7) tcsdKU todÓPfxufNyD;? tcsdKU todÓPf EkHUMuonf/þtjzpfrsm;onf tb,faMumifY vlü uGJjym;jcm;em;ae&oenf;-

[k ar;vdkayvdrfYrnf/þt&mrsm;udk ajzqdk&rnfum; rsm;jym;vGef;vSonf/ cufum;

rcufyg/ tv,fvrf;tawG;tac:udk awG;ac:rIvrf;p &NyD;olwdkYtwGufþtajzrSefonf oifykef;BuD;tHpmrQom jzpfygrnf/

[kwfygonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; tus,fçtus,f rsm;pGmrcsJUbJvdk&if;a&mufatmif wdkwdkusOf;usOf;jzifY aqG;aEG;vdkygonf/



36/ toufwdkjcif;ç½Snfjcif;taMumif;&if;(1) vlrsm; tb,faMumifY touf wdkMuç½SnfMuoenf;/

uHçpdwfçOwkçtm[m&[laom taMumif;w&m;av;rsdK;aMumifYjzpfygonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ,if;av;rsdK;aumif;vsif touf½SnfNyD;?raumif;vsif toufwdkygonf/ xif½Sm;atmif jyygrnf/

toufwdkjcif; odkYr[kwf aojcif; trsdK;rsdK; ½Sdygonf/ ,if;wdkYudktb,fodkY toufwdkjcif; odkYr[kwf tb,faojcif;onf tb,ftaMumif;aMumifY[k t>rufrQ cGJjyaqG;aEG;ygrnf/

tqdyfcwftowfcH&jcif;? wkwfçxm;rsm;jzifY towfcH&jcif;? udk,fYzmom tqdyfaomufaojcif;? BudK;qGJcsaojcif;rsm;onf ]uH}aMumifYaojcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/

tqdyfrsm;aomufrdí aojcif;? opfyifrSusí aojcif;? txifvGJNyD; towfcH&í aojcif; ponfrsm;onf pdwfaMumifYaojcif;rsm; jzpfygonf/

tyl½Syfí aojcif;? tat;ywfí aojcif; ponfrsm;onf OwkaMumifYaojcif; jzpfygonf/

roifYjrwfaom tpm;taomufudkpm;í aojcif;onf tm[m&aMumifYaojcif; jzpfygonf/

]uHaMumifYaojcif;rsm;}[l&mü tb,fokdYaom ]uH}rsm;enf;/olYtoufowfjcif;paom uHrsm;wnf;/xdkodkY udk,fçEIwftrlt&mrSm;rsm;udk jyKcJYol? jyKqJjzpfol wpfOD;OD;

onf ywf0ef;usif\ 'Pfcwfjcif;udk ½kyfrSmjzpfap? pdwfrSmjzpfap cH&NyD;þodkY aoqkH;&ygonf/ xif½Sm;&ef ykHpHjzifY MunfhoifYygonfè

]vlwpfa,mufonf tjcm;vlwpfa,muftm; oGm;íowfvsiftowfcH&ol\ ckcHcsufjzifY owfolvnf; aoEdkifavonf/ tu,fí



aovsif tb,faMumifY ao&oenf; odkYr[kwf toufwdk&oenf;/ ol\olrsm;udkowfvdkaom apwemuHaMumifY ao&onf? toufwdk&onf}-[k qdk&rnf r[kwfygavm/

þae&mü pm½Iolonf tu,fí tv,fvrf;oabmw&m;udkodjrifjcif;r½Sdvsif auseyfovdk cHpm;&ayvdrfYrnf/ ]'gawmY [kwfwmaygY}-[lívnf; qdkrdaumif; qdkrdvdrfYrnf/ ]'gawmY [kwfwmaygY}-qdkvsif]bmr[kwfovJ}-[k jyefar;&zdkY ½Sdygonf/

olao&jcif;onf ol\ owfvdkaom apwemuHtjyif tjcm;taMumif;wpfckck ½Sdao;ovdkvdk olY&ifxJü udef;aeayrnf/ xdkt&mum;tb,fenf;][k ar;vdkonf/

tu,fpifppfü xdkt&monf vkH;0r½Sdaomt&m jzpfonf/ ]aozdkYuHygí olu olrsm;udk oGm;owf&onf}-[k ajymvdkaumif; ajymayrnf/þtajymonf tusdK;udk taMumif;vkyfajymaom tajym jzpfygonf/tjrifrJYolwdkif;vdkvdkyif rdrdtjrifrJYrIudk zmax;&ef taMumif;aMumifYjzpfaomtusdK;udk taMumif;wzefvkyfí ajymMuwkef; ½Sdavonf/

pifppfü ]aemufb0u uHygvmí ,ckb0rSm uHqdk;udkjyKvkyf&onf}-qdkonfrSm tv,ftvwfusaom rSefaomtawG;tac:udkausmfí qdkjcif; jzpfayonf/

]uH}onf ]uH}tjzpf rae? ]0dyguf}tjzpfodkY vSnfhajymif;oGm;ayonf/þ0dygufonf ]raem'Gg&}[laom ae&mudk,lí aemuf]uH}topfwpfckjzpf&ef taMumif;jzpfonf[k qdk&aomfvnf;? xdk]raem'Gg&}onf ]uHopf}jzpf&mtaMumif;ü taMumif;&if; r[kwf/ ]uH}jzpfapaomaZmonf ESvkH;oGif;tm;avsmfpGm vSnfhajymif;EdkifcGifY ½Sdonf/ ]y&awmaCmoç a,medaomreodum&}-ponfwdkYaMumifY ]aZm}onf vSnfhajymif;oGm;Edkifonf/



qdkvdkonfrSm tm½kHonf tusdK;0dygufjzpfaom ]b0if}[laom]raem'Gg&}odkY xifvmonf qdktHh/ rdrd\ ]a,medaomreodum&çta,medaomreodum&}tm;avsmfpGm ukodkvfaZmçtukodkvfaZm wpfckckqufMu&ayonf/ ]uHqdk;b0if}[laom raem'Gg&rSmxifvmaom tm½kHjzpfaomaMumifY aZmüvnf; ]uHqdk;b0if raem'Gg&} tm;avsmfpGm]uHqdk;(aZmqdk;)}yJ jzpf&rnf-[k pnf;r½SdEdkifay/ (0dyguftrSef aZmtjyef)/

xdkYaMumifY ]aemufb0uHaMumifY ,ckb0ü uHopfjzpfaom owfjcif;trIudkjyK&onf}-[laom tqdkonf rawmfroifYaomtqdk jzpfonf/

,ck ]uHqdk;topf}udkjyKjcif;onf ESvkH;oGif;rSm;aomaMumifYjzpfonf/ ,ck tb,faMumifY eSvkH;oGif;rSm;&oenf;qdkvsifè

]rSefuefrIudk oifMum;csuf rem&íjzpfonf}/tb,faMumifY rem&onf qdkvsifè]rSefuefolESifY raygif;&í}-[k ajz&rnf/tb,faMumifY raygif;&oenf;-[k qdkvsifè]rSefuefolESifY aygif;Edkifavmufatmif tajccHtcsuftvuf

tcsdKUwdkY rwnfaqmufaomaMumifY}-[k qdk&rnf/,if; tajccHtcsuftvufum; tb,fenf;qdkvsifè]ay;jcif;çurf;jcif;? udk,fusifYw&m;½Sdjcif;? pdwf"gwfjr§ifYwifjcif;}?

ponfwdkY jzpfonf/ ]tajccH½Sdjcif;}[laom pum;vkH;onf ]yg&rD][laompum;vkH;\ 'kwd,pum;vkH; jzpfayonf/

þrQjzifY vlrsm; tb,faMumifY toufwdk&ç½Snf&onfudk odem;vnfcGifY tenf;tusOf; &avmufNyD[k xifygonf/ pdwfESifYOwkçtm[m&wdkYaMumifY toufwdk&ç ½Snf&ykHonf tapYtpyf taotcsm enf;aumif;enf;oGm;ygrnf/ þaqG;aEG;&aom yifrtaMumif;ESifY rsm;pGmywfoufjcif;r½Sdí cyf[[rQjzifY NyD;cJYjcif;jzpfygonf/



37/ a&m*genf;jcif;çrsm;jcif;taMumif;&if;(2) qufvufí ]tb,faMumifY tcsdKUa&m*genf;í tcsdKUrsm;&onf]udk aqG;aEG;vdkygonf/

þ]a&m*gtaMumif;}onfvnf; av;rsdK;yif ½Sdygrnf/ uHçpdwfç Owkçtm[m&wdkYyif jzpfygonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm uHemç pdwfemç Owkemç tm[m&em-[lí tema&m*gonf av;rsdK;jzpfygrnf/

þü ]uHem}qdkonfrsm;um; vuftjzwfcH&jcif;? xm;tckwfcH&jcif;? wkwft½dkufcH&jcif; ponfwdkYjzpfonf/ þodkYaomtemrsm;onftb,faMumifY ]uHem}[lí qdkEdkifoenf;/ cdk;jcif;? owfjcif;tp½SdaomtrIudkjyKolonf þodkY jyKaomaMumifY t½dkuftykwf tckwftxpfrsm;?tqdyfcwfcH&jcif;rsm; ponfwdkYESifY &ifqdkif&avonf/ þodkY jyKaomtrIonf cdk;jcif;tp½Sdaom ]apwemuH} jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifY þtemrsm;onf]uHem}rsm; jzpfonf/

]pdwfem}um; tb,fenf;/ pdwfaMumifYjzpfaom taMumyef;a&m*gtrsdK;rsdK; jzpfonf/ Oyrm- pdwåZacgif;udkuf?aemausmwuf? ydkufem-ponfwdkY jzpfonf/

þü ]uH}ESifY]pdwf}udk tb,fodkY cGJjcm;rnfenf;-[k ar;zG,f½Sdygonf/ar;vdkonfrSm toufwdkjcif;? a&m*g&jcif;rsm;udk jzpfapEdkifaom ]uH}ESifY]pdwf}wdkYudk b,fvdkcGJjcm;rnfenf;-ar;zG,f½Sdonf[k qdkvdkygonf/

þtar;udk ,aeY em;vnfEdkifaom pum;vkH;jzifY ajymvsif vG,ful½Sif;vif;ygonf/ ,aeYem;vnfEdkifaom pum;rSm-

pdwf-ESpfrsdK;½Sdonf/ wpfrsdK;rSm ]tjyifpdwf}? tjcm;wpfrsdK;rSm]twGif;pdwf}[lí jzpfonf/ þpum;jzifYajymvsif ½Sif;ygonf/

- tjyifpdwfonf ]uH} jzpfygonf/- twGif;pdwfonf ]0dygufpdwf} jzpfygonf/



[kwfygonf/ uHESifY0dygufonf tjyifpdwfESifY twGif;pdwfrsm;[kac:xdkufaom tjzpf ½Sdygonf/

]uH}vnf; pdwfESifYrS twljzpf&aomaMumifY ]pdwf}yif jzpfygonf/]0dyguf}vnf; ]pdwf}yifjzpfygonf/xdkodkY ]pdwf}csif;wlaomfvnf; ]uHpdwf}onf udk,fydkif'Gg&tm½kHrsm;

jzifY xif½Sm;ay:vGifygonf/ ]0dygufpdwf}rSm udk,fydkif'Gg& r½Sdonfomruoludk,fwdkifuyif jyefí 'Gg&ae&mudk wm0efcH ,lae&jyefygonf/ xdkYaMumifYolonf ikyfygonf? twGif;usygonf/

þodkY ]uH}ESifY ]pdwf}udk em;vnf&ygrnf/ ,if;udkvufcHvsifuHaMumifYjzpfaom toufaoqkH;rI? a&m*g&rIESifY pdwfaMumifYjzpfaomtoufaoqkH;&rI? tema&m*g&rIrsm;udk cGJjcm;Edkifrnf-[k ,kHMunfygonf/

OwkESifY tm[m&wdkYaMumifYjzpfaom a&m*grsm;rSm xif½Sm;vSygonf/ tcsOfpm;í zsm;jcif;? tyl½Syfí zsm;jcif;ponfwdkY jzpfygonf/

þrQjzifY vlrsm; a&m*grsm;jcif;? enf;jcif; taMumif;udk wifjycJYNyD;jzpfNyD[k ,lqygonf/

38/ ½kyfqdk;jcif;çvSjcif; taMumif;&if;(3) qufvufí ½kyfqdk;ç½kyfvS uGJ&jcif;taMumif;udk wifjyygrnf/ ½kyfqdk;ç½kyfvS-[lonfrSm tb,fenf;/ tb,fodkYaomtqif;onf ½kyfqdk;jzpfí tb,fodkYaomtqif;onf ½kyfvSjzpfoenf;/

edrfYçjrifY? rJçjzL? qlçBuKH þajcmufyg;½Sdjcif;onf rvS? vGwfrS vSonf-qdkvsif xdk]tvSESifYrvS}onf ]uHaMumifYjzpfaom tvSESifYrvS}wdkY r[kwfukef/ Owkçtm[m&rsm;aMumifYom jzpfMuaom tvSESifYrvSrsm; jzpfMuavonf/



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]uH}aMumifYjzpfaomtvSum; xdkqdkcJYNyD;aomtvSrsm; r[kwfukef/vufrygjcif;? vufydkygjcif;? ESmacgif;wdkjcif;ç½Snfjcif;? ezl;us,fjcif;ç

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,if;udk pum;vkH;rsm;jzifY wdkuf½dkufo½kyfazmfjcif;iSm vkHavmufaompum;vkH; twdtus r½Sday}/

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tvSykdif½Sif\pdwfonf þodkY jzpfaeavonf/þpdwfçapwemuH\ tjcif;t&m [efyefwdkYonf olYudk,fum,

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þtvStyonf ]uHaMumifYjzpfaom tvSty} jzpfonf/pdwfaMumifYjzpfaom tvSESifYrvSum; Zmwfrif;orD;ç ½kyf½Sifrif;orD;

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Oyrm- EIwfcrf;u rNyKH;ygbJvsuf NyKH;aeonfxif&avatmifaq;ulxm;jcif;? rsufvkH;u &DaeçMunfaejcif;rsm; r½SdygbJvsuf ½Sdaeonfxif&atmif aq;ulxm;jcif;? umraoG;r<uygbJvsuf <uaeonfxif&



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qdkvdkonfrSm tcsdKUolü cspfolcifolrsm;í MoZmBuD;rm;onf/tcsdKU þodkYr[kwf/ þonfrSm tb,faMumifYenf;-[lí jzpfonf/

þtajzvnf; ESpfcsufcefY ajz&rnf/uHESifY ynm? Opömypönf;wdkYaMumifY [lí ajz&rnf/[kwfygonf/ ynmç tmPmç Opöm½Sdolrsm;xHü vlrsm;onf 0dkif;tkH

aeMu&ayonf/ xdkYjyif xdkolajymqdkaom pum;udkvnf; vdkufemMu&ayonf/ xdkYaMumifY ynmjzpfap? Opömjzpfap? tmPmjzpfap/ ESpfckjzpfapçokH;ckjzpfap ydkifqdkifolonf rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;? cspfolcifolaygrsm;íol\pum;onf MoZmtmPm ½dSavonf/

odkYaomfvnf; þolrsm;onf cspfcifolESifY MoZm½Sdol tppftrSefrsm; r[kwfMuay/ cspfír[kwfbJ? rcspfaomfvnf; atmifYumerf;rsm;omjzpfMuayonf/ olYab;rS rdwfaqGESifY olYMoZmatmufrSolrsm;onf ]olYudk}cspfMuçMoZmcHMuonfvnf; r[kwfay/ ]ol&½Sdae&m}udkom MoZmcHMu?cspfcifaygif;oif;Mujcif; jzpfayonf/ þae&mrS olqif;oGm;&vsif þolüMoZmESifYrdwfaqGo*F[? cspfolcifolrsm; uif;uGmaeayrnf/

xdkYaMumifY xdkolonf rdwfaqGrsm;ol? MoZmBuD;rm;ol-þodkY rqdkEdkifawmYacs/



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vrf;nTefajymqdkrnfholudkvnf; tvdk½SdMuygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; xdktazmfESifY vrf;nTefMoZmay;rnfholonf udk,fYb0twGuf b,fvdkrS txdtcdkufrjzpfEdkif[kvnf; pdwfcsvdk? ,kHMunfvdkygonf/ xdkYaMumifY udk,fYb0 BuD;xGm;&yfwnfEdkifrItwGuf olrsm;b0udk avScg;xpfjyK&rnf[laom]£óm}[kqdktyfaom tazmf½SdaomuHudk jyKolonf ta>ct&Hç tazmftaygif;ESifY MoZmtmPmr½Sdjcif; jzpfygonf/

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40/ Opömypönf;jynfhpkHjcif;ESifY rGJjcif;taMumif;&if;(5) qufvufí ypönf;OpömrGJolESifY jynfhpkHoljzpf&jcif;taMumif;udkaqG;aEG;ygrnf/

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tu,fpifppfü rdbcsrf;omrsm;rS tarG;tzGm;cH&jcif; ponfwdkYonf csrf;omjcif;\ taMumif;r[kwf-[k rqdkEdkifyg/ odkYaomfvnf; þtaMumif;rsm;onf csrf;omjcif;\ t&if;usaom taMumif;rsm;rlum;r[kwfyg/ tb,faMumifYqdkaomf vlcsrf;om om;orD;rsm;jzpfjcif;? csrf;omaomr,m; odkYr[kwf vifudk&jcif;? aiGxkyf&jcif;? xDaygufjcif;ponfwdkY½Sdaeaomolyifjzpfap? ol\ ]udk,fydkifuH}rygvsif xdkt&mrsm;onf MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf rMumcif jzLcgjymcgoGm;zdkY ½dSayonf/

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pkHjcif;\ twGif;usqkH;aom taMumif;onf ]t&if;tESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;}yifjzpfygonf/

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vlwdkif;yif opfom;ç0g;ESifY xdkopfom;ç0g;wdkYjzifY wnfaqmufxm;aom tdrfudk vkH;0yif uGJjym;atmif cGJjcm;odMuolcsnf; jzpfavonf/txl;tm;jzifY xdkxdktdrfrsm;udk wnfaqmufaomtdrf½Sifrsm;ESifY vuform;rsm;onf xdktdrf\ opfom;ESifY0g;wdkYjzifY wnfaqmufxm;onfudk vkH;0odMuonf/ xdkolwdkYonf xdkodkY vkH;0odMuygvsuf tdrfudk opfom;ç0g;wdkYESifYxyfwlodNyD;? opfom;ç0g;wdkYonf vlaexkdifokH;aqmif&ef rjzpfí rokH;aqmifbJ aeMuouJYodkY rokH;aqmifbJaeMuoavm/

þodkY rokH;aqmifbJaeol[lívnf; vkH;0r½SdEdkif/ þodkYjzpfvsifþodkYaom opfom;ç0g;wdkYjzifY jyKvkyfxm;aomtdrfudk cGJjcm;íodaejcif;onf tb,ftusdK; jzpfaprnfenf;/ tu,fí rokH;aqmifbJaeol ½SdonfqdktHh/ xdkodkY rokH;aqmifbJaeol\ pdwfonf pdwfrSefavmç pdwfrSm;avm/



]tdrfrsm;onf opfom;ç0g;wdkYjzifY wnfaqmufxm;aomt&m jzpfonf/ opfom;ç0g;wdkYonf vl aexdkifokH;aqmifp&m r[kwfouJYodkY tdrfonfvnf; vlrsm;aexdkifokH;aqmifp&m r[kwfMuukef/ xdkYaMumifY igwdkYonf v[mjyif odkYr[kwf opfyifatmufrsm;ü aeMu&rnf}/ þodkYqdkvsufv[mjyifç opfyifatmufwdkYü aeaomolonf tu,fí þodkYyif½SdonfqdktHh/ b,fodkY oabmxm;Murnfenf;/

avmuü ]igç olwyg;ç a,musfm;ç rdef;r r½Sd/ xdk ]igç olwyg;ça,musfm;ç rdef;r}jzpfatmif wnfaqmufxm;aom ½kyfçemrfrsm;om ½Sdonf}-qdkaom olwdkYonf txufyg ]tdrfr½Sd}-[kqdkaom vltwdkif; jzpfavonf/]igç olwyg;ça,musfm;çrdef;r r½Sd? ½kyfçemrfom ½Sdonf}-[k y&rwfavYvmolwdkif; tu,fyif odMuayonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ]igçolwyg;ç}wdkYudk aysmufatmif b,fol wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf azsmufEdkifcJYoenf;/

xdk ]ig ? olwyg;ESifY a,musfm;çrdef;r} ponfwdkYonf trSm;rsm;r[kwfMuukef/ ]trSefrsm;? opömrsm;om} jzpfMuukef\/ xdkYaMumifY opömudkaysmufatmif azsmufír&bJ ½Sd&mygonf/ xdkaMumifY aysmufatmifazsmufEdkifcJYaomolvnf; r½SdcJY jzpf&mygonf/

xkd ]igçolwyg;ESifY a,musfm;çrdef;r} ponfwdkYonf aysmufatmifazsmufaumif;aom oabmrsm;aum [kwfyg\avm/

þodkY qkdzG,fawmY ½Sd&mygonf/ ]igçolwyg;}ponfwdkYonf trSefrSm ]opöm}rsm;jzpfMuonfrSm rSefaomfvnf;? ,if;opömonf ]orkwdopöm}odkYr[kwf ]ynwådopöm}rsm; r[kwfavm- [lí jzpfygonf/

[kwf\/ ]igçolwyg;}onf ]ig}-r[kwfonfudk ]olwyg;}/ ]olwyg;}-r[kwfonfudk ]ig}/ þodkY opömrsm;rSefaomfvnf; xdkopömonf ]orkwdopöm}rsm; jzpfonfrSm rSefygonf/ ]orkwdopöm}rsm; jzpfaomaMumifY trSeftm;'D*&Dudk avsmYaygYwGufvdkygoavm/ þodkY jyefar;&ygrnf/



]avsmYaygYwGuf&rnf}-[k ajzavrnfvm;yif/ ]orkwdopöm}onf]ynwådopöm}jzpfí rSefonfqdkaomfvnf; tu,frSefonf r[kwf}-[k]qdkaomolwdkY\ EIwfcrf;ESpfvTmtMum;wGifom rSefonf}/ þodkYrsm;taMumif;jyavrnfavm/

tu,fí þodkYqdkvsif xdkoltm; jyefíowday;&ygrnf-]igçolwyg;}wdkY\ tjzpfonf tu,fyif EIwfcrf;ESpfvTm tMum;rSm

om jzpfaomt&mavm/ avmurSm vlESpfa,muf½Sdvsif yXrvlbufMunfhygu 'kwd,vlonf ]olwyg;tjzpf} tu,fr½SdNyDavm/ xdkYtwl olYudk,folvnf; 'kwd,vludkaxmufí ]igjzpfonf}[laomtjzpf tu,fr½SdNyDavm}/

þodkYar;í ½Sdaeonfhtjzpfudk odjrifapcsifonf/þodkYodjrifNyD;]orkwdopöm}onf EIwfcrf;ESpfvTmwdkY tMum;rSmomru urÇmavmutoGifoP²mefrsm;tjzpf tu,f½Sdaeonfudk odjrifapcsifygonf/

þodkY owd&ap&ygrnf/ þonfudk atmufarYrdvsif ]orkwdopöm}onf EIwfcrf;ESpfvTmwdkY\ tMum;rSmom½Sdonf}-[laomtqdkudk jyef½kyfodrf;rnfrSm aocsmygonf/

49/ orkwdopömESifYy&rw¬opöm orbm*jzpfxdkjyifvnf; wpfenf;tm;jzifY qdkaumif;qdkygOD;rnf/ ]orkwdopöm}

onf EIwfcrf;ESpfvTmwdkY\ tMum;rSmxuf ydkvGef½Sdaomfvnf;? y&rw¬opömESifY ,SOfvdkufaomtcg opömae&myif NrJatmif r,lEdkifawmYatmif tvdktavsmuf aysmufysufoGm;&avonf/ xdkYaMumifY a,musfm;çrdef;r[laomorkwdopömrsm; rSefMuaomfvnf; ½kyfçemrf[laom y&rw¬opömESifY wdkufcdkufvdkufaomtcg a,musfm;çrdef;r[laom orkwdjzpfaom xdkopömrsm;ausajrhysufjym;&rnfrSm r[kwfygavm}/ þodkY qdkaumif; qdkEdkifygonf/

þtqdktwGuf tenf;i,f ½Sif;Munfhygrnf/



]orkwdopömESifY y&rw¬opöm? þodkY opömESpfck NydKifvdkufaomtcgorkwdopöm ausajrhysufjym;onf r[kwfygavm}-qdkvsif ]r[kwfyg}-[kyifqdk&ygrnf/

]orkwdopöm}onf ]y&rw¬opöm}ESifY NydKif&vsif rxifr½Sm; jzpfoGm;jcif;om jzpfygonf/ ausajrh ysufjym;oGm;jcif;rsm; rjzpfyg/ ]ysufjym;onf}-qdkonfrSm tvif;ESifY txdcH&aom tarSmifrsm; avsmYyg; usqkH;&ouJYodkYaomtjzpf jzpfygonf/

orkwdopömESifY y&rw¬opömonf tarSmifESifYtvif;uJYodkY vkH;0qefYusifbuf 0da&m"doabmrsm; r[kwfMuyg/ aea&miftvif;ESifYva&miftvif;uJYodkY odkYr[kwf ydk;pkef;MuL;\tvif;ESifY rD;cGuf\tvif;uJYodkY wom;wnf;jzpfaom ]orbm*}oabmrsm; jzpfygonf/

va&mif\tvif;onf aea&mifESifYawGUvsif ysufjym;oGm;oavm-[ltHh/ ]ysufroGm;}-[kyif ajz&ygrnf/ xdkodkYqdkvsif aea&mifatmufüva&mifonf xGef;vif;awmufyaeao;oavm-[lvsifvnf; ]rawmufy}[kyif ajz&ygrnf/ þodkYqdkvsif xdkpum;ESpf&yfqufpyfatmif b,fodkY,l&rnfenf;-[k ar;zG,f½Sdygonf/

þodkY ,l&rnf-[k ajzygrnf -]va&mifESifYaea&mifonf ta&mifoabmtm;jzifY wpfrsdK;wnf;

yif jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf va&mifonf aea&mif\ a&mifjyefta&mifomjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifYyif ,if;rlvta&mifjzpfaom aea&mifESifY odkYr[kwfva&mifxufus,f0ef;í tajccHusaomaea&mifESifY awGUaomtcg va&mifonf aea&mifESifYjyefvnfí aygif;pnf;oGm;ygonf/ þodkY ajz&ygrnf/

[kwfygonf/ va&mifonf aea&mifaMumifY ysufjym;oGm;onfr[kwfyg/ olY vif;NrJtwdkif; vif;vsufyif ½Sdygonf/ odkYaomfvnf;olYtvif;xuftm;aumif;aom odkYr[kwf tajccHusaom aea&mifESifY



aygif;oGm;jcif;om jzpfygonf/ a&maESmoGm;jcif;-[k qdktyfaom ]orbm*}tjzpf a&mufoGm;jcif;omjzpfonf-[k qdkvdkygonf/

þtwlyif orkwdopömonf y&rw¬opömESifY awGUaomtcg orkwdopöm\ opömobm0jzpfaom rSefuefjcif;tjzpfrS aysmufysufoGm;&jcif;r½Sdyg/ y&rw¬opöm\ opömobm0jzpfaom rSefuefcsufESifY ta&mtaESmcH&NyD; rxifr½Sm;jzpfoGm;&jcif;om jzpfygonf/ xdkodkY rxifr½Sm; tjzpfcH&aomfvnf; va&mifuJYodkYyif orkwdopöm\ obm0jzpfaom rSefuefcsufonf jzpfxGef;vsufyif jzpfxGef;NrJyif jzpfygonf/

50/ txufopöma&mufaomfvnf; atmufopömrysufavmuü opömokH;rsdK; ½Sdygonf -(1) orkwdopöm?(2) y&rw¬opöm?(3) t&d,opöm-[lí jzpfygonf/þwGif aemufqkH;jzpfaom ]t&d,opöm}onf ]y&rw¬opöm}tay:

rSm wnfaqmuf&ygonf/ y&rw¬opömrrSefvsif t&d,opömwnfaqmufrI rjzpfxGef; ratmifjrifEdkifyg/

wzef y&rw¬opömonfvnf; ]orkwdopöm}ay:rSm wnfaqmufxm;ygonf/ ]orkwdopöm} rrSefvsif y&rw¬opömudk jzpfxGef;atmifjrifatmif wnfaqmufí r&Edkifyg/

þodkYqdkvsif ]orkwdopöm]onf tb,frQ tajccHusoenf;/xdkxdk txufxufopömrsm; opömobm0 qdkufçrqdkufudk atmufç

atmuf opömrsm;udk csdK;zsufypfí tvsOf;rjzpfyg/tu,fí txufuqdkcJYNyD;onfhtwdkif; txufxufopömrsm;odkY

a&mufaom tcg atmufçatmufopömrsm; ysufjym;ukefonf? opömobm0



udk pGefYMuukefonfqdkvsif txufxufopömrsm; opömobm0 ½SdMuaMumif;bmESifYwdkif;wmrnfenf;/ odkYr[kwfvsifvnf; xdkxdk txufxufopömrsm;onf tb,ftay:ü &yfwnfaeMuao;oenf;/

txufxufopömonf atmufçatmufopömay:rSm&yfí wnfaqmuf&aomaMumifY atmufopömudk ]txufopöma&mufNyD}-[k azsmufzsufypfvdkufvsif txufxufopöm\ &yfwnf&monf r½Sd-jzpfcJYonf/xdkYaMumifY txufopömonfvnf; opömtjzpfrS avsmus azmufysufoGm;&avonf/

þodkYjzpfMuaomvlrsm;onf avmuü txift½Sm;yif ½SdaeMuonf/ xdkolwdkYrSm atmufygyk*¾dKvfwdkY jzpfMuygonf-

yXrü orkwdopömudk tav;xm;MuaomolwdkYonf oN*ØK[foifjcif;? w&m;aqG;aEG;jcif; ponfjzifY y&rw¬opömudk t&½SmMuonf/ awGUíodaomtodudk tcsdef,lí yGm;rsm;Muonf/ Mumvmaomtcg y&rw¬opömqdkonfudk olwdkYqdkufa&mufMuonf/

xdktcg olwdkYonf ]igçolwyg;ESifY a,musfm;çrdef;rrsm; ½Sdonf}-[laom orkwdopöme,fudk jzwfausmfMuavawmYonf/

]½kyfçemrfom½Sdonf? igçolwyg;ça,musfm;çrdef;rçigYom;çigYorD;tu,fr½SdNyD/ olYOpömçigYOpöm[lí tu,fr½SdNyD/ olYr,m;ESifYrSm;vsiftjypf½Sdonf qdkonfrSmvnf; ]olYr,m;}rSm tu,frS r½SdaomaMumifYrSm;onfqdkonfrSmvnf; wu,fr½SdEdkif/ atmufwef;pm;jzpfaom? y&rwfopömudk rodolwdkYtm; odyf½dkif;roGm;ap&ef ajcmufxm;cJYaom ajcmufvkH;çvSefYvkH;omjzpfonf/ tu,fí rSm;cGifYBuKHí rSm;vsifvnf; bmrQ tjypfr½Sd?tb,faMumifYqdkaomf rSm;onfqdkonfudkuyif trSefr½SdaomaMumifYjzpfonf/



[kwfonf/ "gwf½kyfBuD;wpfcku "gwf½kyfBuD;wpfckudk qGJjcif;çzufjcif;ponf vkyf&mrSm ]trSm;}[laom t&m0w¬K\ wnfae&monf r½SdNyD/tazmfwynfhç wlrçESrç udk,fYorD;qdkonfudk þodkYjyKaomfvnf; roifY[lír½SdNyD/ tm;vkH;onf "gwf½kyfBuD;rsm;csnfh jzpfonf/ olwdkYü vkyfrnf-[kvnf; tm;xkwfEdkifonfY ya,m* Asmyg' ½SdMuonfr[kwf/ taMumif;oifYí xaemif;yGifYjcif;rsdK; jzpfonf/ apmifYpnf;p&m[lívnf; r½Sd/vGefusL;p&m[lívnf; r½Sd/ aumif;onf[lí txl;vkyfp&mvnf; r½Sd/raumif;[lí txl;a½Smifp&mvnf; r½Sd/ xdkYaMumifY 'geçoDvonfvnf;jyKzG,ftxl; r½SdNyD/ taMumif;oifYvsif xaemif;yGifYjcif;rQom ½SdawmYonf/rvkyfrjzpfí vkyf&jcif;ü taumif;çtqdk;[lí r½SdNyD}/

þyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf ]tud&d,0g'? ta[wku0g'? ew¬du0g'}oabm½Sdoltjzpf usa&mufvsuf aeMuayownf;/ þolwdk Yonf,aeYacwfü rsm;jym;pGm xGef;um;vsuf ½SdNyD/ txl;tm;jzifY ]Ak'0g'y&rw¬t½Sd0g'D}rsm;xHü txl;tm;jzifY acwfpm;aeayonf/

þtjzpfrsm;onf olwdkYxifovdk tjypfr½SdMuonfrsm; r[kwfay/olYr,m;çom;udk tjypfr½Sdxifí taMumif;oifYaomtcg vGefusL;vsifvnf; aemufqkH;ü t½dkuftESuf txdk;tckwfESifY tcsKyfcef;/ þt&mrsm;ESifY xdkolwdkY &ifqdkif&&ef taMumif;onf olYvkyfief;rsm;\ ed*kH;ü taotcsm ½Sdaeayonf/

xdkYaMumifY þtjzpfrsm;onf rvdkvm;tyfaomtjzpfrsm; jzpfMuayonf/ tb,frS þrvdkvm;tyfaom tjzpfqdk;rsm; arG;zGm;vmygoenf;/

]ynwf odkYr[kwf orkwdopömudk t½Sdrxm;&mrS} arG;zGm;vmjcif;jzpfygonf/

tb,faMumifY orkwdopömudk t½Sd-rxm;avoenf;/y&rw¬opömudk t½Sdtjzpfxm;vdktm; rsm;vGef;oGm;&mrS jzpfonf/



xdkYaMumifY ]y&rw¬t½Sd0g'D}wdkYonf qifqifjcifjcif jyKusifY awG;ac:oifYonf/ y&rwfonfvnf; ]ypö,or0g,}w&m;? ynwfonfvnf;]ypö,or0g,}w&m;yif/

þodkY rjynfhpkHaom taMumif;uav;rsm;\ pka0;aeMuonfcsnf;jzpfygvsuf ]tajccHESifY toGifoP²mef} þrQjcm;em;umrQjzifY y&rw¬udk-t½Sd? ynwfudk-r½Sd/ þodkY cGJjcm;íodjrifjcif;onf oifYavsmfonf r[kwfay/

wu,fpifppfü y&rw¬t½Sd0g'DwdkY odjrifMuonfhtwdkif; ynwfw&m;rsm; t½Sdr[kwfovdk? y&rwfw&m;rsm;vnf; t½Sdr[kwfMuay/þodkY trSeftwdkif; odjrifoifYayonf/ þtodonf tu,fyif rSefuefaomtodtjrif jzpfayonf/

ynwfESifY y&rwfonf tajccHESifY toGifoP²mef[laom jcm;em;csufrSwyg; tjcm;aom ]t½Sd-r½Sd}cGJ&ef jcm;em;jcif; tvsOf;r½Sday/ ESpfckpvkH;onf rjynfhpkHao;aom taMumif;tpdwftydkif;uav;rsm;\ pka0;aeaom ae&monfum;? rjynfhpkHao;aom taMumif;tpdwftydkif;uav;rsm;\ pka0;aeaom t&mom jzpfrnf- r[kwfygavm/

þodp&monf tenf;i,f ½IyfaxG;ygonf/ pka0;aeaomt&monf ]pka0;aeaomt&mom jzpfonf}-[k qdkvdkygonf/

[kwfygonf/ r½Sdao;aomt&mudk tjcm;t&m0w¬KESpfckudk pka0;apvdkufojzifY t½Sdtjzpf-tu,f a&mufvmEdkifygoavm/

tu,fí a&mufvmapEdkifvsif pka0;aomt&myif jzpfygap?]½Sdonf}-[k qdk&ygrnf/ ra&mufvmvsifum; xdkpka0;aomt&mudk ]t½Sd}-[k rqdkEdkifyg/ pka0;aeaomt&m-[líom qdk&ygrnf/

Ak'¨toQifonfvnf; ]y&rw¬w&m;rsm; pka0;aeaomt&mrQ}-[líom a[mcJYonf? em;vnfygonf/

tb,fodkYenf;-



]pu©KHp y#dpö ½layp OyÜZÆwd pu©K0dnmPH}-ponfjzifY jzpfygonf/½kyftwGufvnf;-]{uH r[mblwH y#dpöwa,m r[mblwmwa,m y#dpöblawy#dpö{uH r[mblwH a'Gr[mblaw y#dpöa'G r[mblwm}-[lí

jzpfygonf/ ,if;wdkY t"dyÜg,frSmè]jrifpdwfonf rsufapYESifYtqif;wdkY ESpfckaygif;jzpfygonf/Mum;pdwfonfvnf; em;ESifYtoHwdkY\ ESpfckaygif; t&m0w¬K jzpf

onf}-[lí jzpfygonf/xdkYjyif ]rmjcif;-[laom wpfckaombkwfonf ]zGJYjcif;ç yljcif;ç

vIyfjcif;}[laombkwfokH;ckwdkY\ taygif;oP²mefjzpfonf}-ponfjzifY jzpfygonf/

þt"dyÜg,fudkqdkufatmif BudK;pm;í BudKufMunfhMuygukef/]rsufapYESifYtqif;udkpGJí jrifpdwfjzpfonf}-[lonfESifY ]jrifpdwf-

[lonf rsufapYESifYtqif;wdkY\ ESpfckaygif;jzpfonf} qdkjcif;onfum;txl;jcm;em;csuf r½Sd[k xifygonf/ [kwfygonf/ jrifpdwfjzpf&ef þESpfyg;jynfhpkHrSjzpfonf r[kwfygavm/ wpfyg;yg;avsmYvsuf jrifpdwf\ wpfpufuav;rQyif rjzpfEdkifonf r[kwfygavm/ xdkYaMumifY jrifpdwfonf þESpfckwdkY\taygif;jzpfonfrSm vufrcHEdkifp&m½Sdrnf rxifyg/ þESpfckwdkY\ taygif;jzpfí jrifpdwfudk rsufapYjzpfonf odkYr[kwf tqif;jzpfonf-[k rqdkvdkaMumif;vnf; oabmusxm;apvdkonf/

wzef þodkYqdkvsif tvif;wdkY? reodum&wdkYvnf; ygojzifY jrifpdwfonf rsufapYçtqif;çtvif;ESifY reodum&-av;rsdK;wdkYtaygif; jzpfonf-[k qdkygawmYtHhavm-[ltHY/ þodkY rqdkcsifyg/ tvif;ESifY reodum&wdkYonf jrifpdwftwGuf t"duZmwfaqmifrsm; r[kwfbJ? Zmwf&efrsm;omjzpfaomaMumifYyif/



txufygpum;rQ qdkvsifyif jrifpdwfonf rsufapYçtqif;wdkY\ESpfckaygif;jzpfaomfvnf; jrifpdwfudk rsufapYESifYtqif;rsm;r[kwf-[kvufcHvsif jrifpdwf½Sdí r[kwfygavm/ þodkY ar;zG,f½Sdjyefygonf/

þar;cGef;udk ]r[kwf}-[k ajz&ygrnf/jrifpdwfonf rsufapYESifYtqif; ESpfckaygif;vdkufonfhtwGuf

rsufapYvnf;-r[kwf? tqif;vnf;-r[kwfaom tjzpfwpfcka&mufoGm;jcif;om jzpfygonf/ ]jrifpdwftjzpf a&mufoGm;jcif;}om jzpfygonf/ ]t½Sdjzpfvmjcif;r[kwf}-[lí qdkvdkjcif; jzpfygonf/

51/ tjzpfESifY t½Sdonf twlr[kwf]tjzpf}udk ]t½Sd}[k r,loifY xifygonf/]tjzpf}ESifY ]t½Sd}onf jcm;em;csuf tBuD;tus,f ½SdEdkifygonf/pu©K0dnmPf[laom jrifpdwfudkvnf; ]t½Sd}[k r,lqEdkifyg/ ]tjzpf

a&mufvmaomt&m}-[líom ,lqEdkifygonf/ ]tjzpfESifYt½Sd}uGJjym;&eftenf;i,fzGifYqdkygrnf/ oabmus&ef tav;teuf avYvmapcsifygonf/

avmuü ]aq;vdyf}-[laomt&m ½Sdygonf/ þ-]aq;vdyf}-[laomt&monf tb,fodkYaomt&menf;? t½Sdavmç tjzpfavm/ avmuü ]aq;vdyf}[laomt&monf ]tjzpf}-jzpfygonf/ ]t½Sd}-r[kwfyg/

]aq;vdyf}-[lonf þodkYjzpfygonf/ aq;çaq;½dk;ESifY zufçziftpDcH?þav;rsdK; pka0;aeaomt&m jzpfygonf/ xdkodkYqdkvsif aq;vdyf[laomt&monf avmuü xif½Sm;onf r[kwfavm/ xdk-]aq;çaq;½dk;ESifY zufçtpDcH} av;rsdK;wdkY\ taygif;onf ]aq;vdyftjzpf} xif½Sm;aeonf r[kwfygavm/



]aq;vdyf}onf ]zufçtpDcHESifY aq;çaq;½dk;} av;rsdK;taygif;tjzpfxif½Sm;ygonf/ xdkodkYxif½Sm;aomfvnf; ]t½SdawmY r[kwf}yg/ xdkav;rsdK;wdkY\ pka0;aeaom ]tjzpf}om jzpfygonf/ xdkav;rsdK;wdkY\ tpkta0;omjzpfonf-[kqdkvsif xdkaq;vdyfonf xdkav;rsdK;teufrS wpfrsdK;rsdK;avmodkYr[kwf ESpfrsdK;avm odkYr[kwf okH;rsdK;avm/ xdkuJYodkYr[kwfvsif av;rsdK;vkH;avm/

þodkY wpfckrQ r[kwfyg/ þav;rsdK;rS tvGwfjzpfygonf/ aq;vdyf-[lonf zufudkac:jcif; r[kwfyg/ zifpDcHçaq;çaq;½dk;-wpfrsdK;rsdK;udkac:jcif;vnf; r[kwfyg/ zufESifYzifpDcHESpfrsdK;udk ac:jcif;vnf;r[kwfyg/zufçzifpDcHçaq;çaq;½dk; av;rsdK;vkH;udk aq;vdyf-[k ac:jcif;vnf; r[kwfyg/ ]aq;vdyf}udk zuffçzifpDcHçaq;çaq;½dk;-av;rsdK;udk aq;vdyf[kac:vsifþav;rsdK;udkxyfí cGufwpfckwnf;ü xnfhxm;vdkufvsifyif aq;vdyfjzpf&rnf r[kwfygavm/ xdkYaMumifY xdkav;rsdK;udkac:jcif; r[kwfyg/

]aq;vdyf}onf ]aq;çaq;½dk;çzufçtpDcH}-þav;rsdK;wdkYr[kwfaomt&mwpfrsdK; jzpfygonf/ zufonf yXrypönf;? zifpDcHonf 'kwd,ypönf;?aq;onf wwd,ypönf;? aq;½dk;onf pwkw¬ypönf;rsm; jzpfMuonfqdktHh/aq;vdyfonf yOörypönf;jzpfonf-[k qdkvdkygonf/

þodkYqdkvsif aq;vdyf[laomt&monf ]t½Sdjzpfaom t&m0w¬K}[k qdkoifYonf r[kwfygavm-[ltHh/

]r[kwf}-[líyif ajz&ygrnf/tb,faMumifYqdkaomf ]tjzpf}om jzpfaomaMumifY jzpfygonf/]jzpfvsif}-]½Sdrnf}r[kwfygavm-[ltYHH/ ]r[kwf}-[k ajz&ygrnf/

tb,faMumifYqdkaomf tu,f]t½Sd}jzpftHh/ xdkpka0;aeaom av;rsdK;udkcGJzsufvdkufaomtcg jzpfay:vmonfqdkaom yOört&m0w¬Konf vufusef usefcJYav&m\/ þodkY rusefcJYaomaMumifY [k ajz&ygrnf/



[kwfygonf/ t&m0w¬K ESpfrsdK;jzpfap? xdkxufrsm;pGmudk jzpfap?pka0;aygif;pyfvdkufvsif xdk-aygif;pyfaomt&mrsm; r[kwfaom ]oD;jcm;t&m0w¬Kwpfck} jzpfay:vm(OyÜg') a&mufvmygonf/ odkYaomfvnf;xdkpka0;xm; aygif;pyfxm;aom t&m0w¬KoD;jcm;onf taysmufqkH; cH&ygonf/ xdkodkYqdkvsif xdkjzpfay:vmonfh t&m0w¬Kudk ]t½Sd}[k qdkEdkifygawmYrnfavm/

]jrifpdwf}tp½Sdaom y&rw¬w&m;rsm;onf þodkYaomt&mrsm;jzpfMuygonf/taMumif;ESpfrsdK; jzpfap? okH;rsdK; jzpfap? aygif;MuaomaMumifYjrifpdwfponfjzifY OyÜg'tjzpf qdkufa&mufvmMujcif;onf xdkaygif;qkHcJYaom taMumif;rsm; aygif;qkHrItjzpfrS uif;uGmoGm;Muaomtcg xdkjzpfay:vmaom jrifpdwfponfh t&mrsm;onf taysmufqkH; cHMu&ayonf/

xdkYaMumifY jrifpdwfpaom xdkt&mrsm;udk ]t½Sdw&m;-r[kwf}?]tjzpfw&m;}-[k qdkcJYjcif; jzpfygonf/

þodkYqdkvsif avmuü jyKjyifrIESifY ruif;orQ ynwfç y&rwfruseftm;vkH;aom t&m0w¬Krsm;onf ]t½Sdw&m;rsm; r[kwf}bJ? ]tjzpfw&m;}csnf; jzpfaeav&m\-[k qdktHh/ [kwfygonf-[k ajz&ygrnf/

avmuü pdwfçapwodufç½kyfESifY ynwfrsm;ygrusef taMumif;tpdwftydkif;uav;rsm; pka0;aeaomt&m rSeforQonf t½Sdw&m;rsm;r[kwfMuyg/ tjzpfw&m;rsm;csnf; jzpfMuygonf/

52/ t½Sdw&m;tppfonf Nidrf;at;jcif;oabmþodkYqdkvsif t½Sdw&m;um; tb,fenf;/xdk-pdwfpaom tjzpfw&m;udk jzpfay:atmif pka0;ay;vdkufaom

rsufapYçtqif;paomt&mrsm;avm-[ltHh/r[kwf-[k ajz&ygrnf/



rsufapYpaom jrifpdwfjzpfatmif pka0;Mu&aom jrifpdwf\ rjynfhpkHao;aom taMumif;uav;rsm;onfvnf; jrifpdwfuJYodkYyif tjcm;aomrsufapY-ponfjzpf&ef rjynfhpkHao;aom taMumif;tpdwftydkif; uav;rsm;\ pka0;aeaomt&myif jzpfygonf/ rsufapY-ponfwdkYonfvnf;t½Sdw&m;rsm; r[kwf? tjzpfw&m;rsm;yif jzpfonf-[k qdkvdkygonf/

]t½Sdw&m;}rSm taMumif;tpdwftydkif;wdkYjzifY pka0;í jzpfay:&aomt&m r[kwfyg/ xdk taMumif;tpdwftydkif;wdkYjzifY rpka0;bJ wnf½Sdaeaomt&mum; ]&m*ça'goçarm[}-[kqdktyfaom ]vl\ tBudKufçtrkef;çtrdkuf}-wdkY\ rjzpfay:bJ wnf½Sdaeaom tjcif;t&m} jzpfygonf/

þü rjzpfay:bJ wnf½Sdonf-qdkaomfvnf; cPwjzKwfrQ csKyfqkH;í rjzpfay:onfudk ]rjzpfay:}-[k qdkvdkonfr[kwfbJ ]t<uif;rJY rjzpfay:awmYonfudk odkYr[kwf ]aemiftcg b,fawmYrS rjzpfay:awmY}onfudk]rjzpfay:}[k-qdkvdkygonf/

þodkY tBudKufçtrkef;çtrkdufpaom udk,fyifyef; pdwfyifyef;rIudkjzpfapwwfaom oabmwdkY vkH;0rjzpfay:bJ wnf½Sdaeaom? at;jraomoabmonf ]t½Sdw&m;} jzpfygonf/

þ]t½Sdw&m;}onf tb,ft&mrsm;pka0;NyD;rS wnfaqmufxm;aomt&m r[kwfaomaMumifY b,ft&mrsm;udkzJY,lvsif ysufpD;edkifonf[kvnf; qdkp&m r½Sd/ qdkvdkonfrSm þ]Nidrf;{;aomoabm}onf b,ft&mESifYrQ pka0;wnfaqmufxm;jcif; r[kwfygí b,ft&mrsm;udkcGJjcm;zsufqD;aomfvnf; þNidrf;{;jcif;rSmrl rysufpD;-[k qdkvdkygonf/

xdkYjyif þNidrf;at;jcif;onf b,ft&mESifYrQ wnfaqmufxm;aomt&m r[kwfvsif r½SdEdkif-[kvnf; qdkírjzpf? tb,faMumifYqdkaomf vlütBudKufçtrkef;çtrdkufponfr½Sdjcif;aMumifY Nidrf;at;jcif;oabmonftrSefyif½SdaomaMumifY jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifYÞ



vlü ]Nidrf;at;jcif;}[k qdktyfaom þwpfckwnf;aom oabmw&m;onfomvsif ]t½Sdw&m;} jzpfygonf/

<uif;usefaom vlü½SdorQaom oabmw&m;rSeforQç t&m0w¬KrSeforQonf t½Sdw&m;rsm; r[kwfMu? ]tjzpfw&m;}rsm;csnf; jzpfMuayonf/

þt&mrsm;onf vufzspfwpfwGwf\ uka#wpfodef;ausmfykH wpfykHrQyJ toufwrf;umv wnfcsdef½Sdonf jzpfcsifjzpfygap? uka#ig;axmifausmfydkif; wpfydkif;rQyJwnfcsdef ½Sdcsif½Sdygap/ xdkYxufMumí vufzspfwpfwGwf tcsdefvkH;yif olwdkYoufwrf; ½Snfcsifvsifvnf; ½Snfvsm;ygap/xdkYxuf wpfpuúefYç wpfrdepfç wpfem&Dç wpf&ufç wpfvç wpfESpfç ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm urÇmcsDívnf; wnf½Sdcsif wnf½SdMuygap/

b,favmufyif olwdkY\ oufwrf;umv wdkjcif;ç½Snfjcif;wdkYonfolwdkY t½Sdw&m;jzpfrIudk taxmuftuljyKEdkifjcif; vkH;vkH;yif r½Sday/ tb,faMumifYqdkaomf olwdkYonf rjynfhpkHao;aom taMumif;tpdwftydkif;wdkY\pka0;aeaom taygif;om jzpfaomaMumifYwnf;/

xdkYaMumifY oufwrf; wdkwdkç½Snf½Snf? tvDvDaom ypö,or0g,w&m; rSeforQwdkYonf ]tjzpfw&m;rsm;}om vkH;vkH;{uef trSefjzpfMuownf;/

53/ ,aeY bk&mYomoemonf vd*Fomoemtjzpf a&muf½Sdþü y&rw¬t½Sd0g'DwdkYonf þwifjycJYonfESifY rwluGJjym; oD;jcm;

wdkY jzpfMuukef\/ ]olwdkYonf pdwfudkvnf; ]t½Sd}xm;Muukef\/ apwodufç½kyfwdkYudkvnf; ]t½Sd}[k rSwfxm;Muukef\/ ynwfrsm;udkvnf; ]t½Sd}[krSwfxm;Muukef\/

xdkolwdkYonf tb,fol\ wynfhom0ursm; jzpfMuoenf;}/tv,fvrf;tawG;tac:udk azmfxkwfwifjycJYaom Ak'toQif\ wynfhom0ursm;yif jzpfMuayonf/



xdkodkYqdkvsif Ak'toQifonf xdkolwdkYjrifouJYodkY ]pdwfçapwodufç½kyf}-[laom y&rw¬"r®rsm;udk ]t½Sdw&m;}tjzpf a&mufatmif ]oypö,"r®}rsm; r[kwfMu/ ]pdwfçapwwodufç½kyf}w&m;wdkYonf ]typö,"r®}rsm; jzpfonf-[k a[mMum;cJYygoavm/ þodkYvnf; a[mMum;cJYonf r[kwfay/

tu,fí ]pdwfçapwwodufç½kyf}rsm;onf ]oypö,"r®} odkYr[kwf]ypö,or0g,r"r®}tjzpf Ak'toQifa[mcJYvsif ]oypö,"r®}onf ]tjzpfw&m;(OyÜg')}odkY a&mufaomw&m;om jzpfygonf/ ]t½Sdw&m;}-[k Ak'toQifra[mcJYay/

xdkYaMumifY ]y&rw¬t½Sd0g'D}wdkYonf Ak'toQif\ wynfhom0utjzpf olwdkYudk,fwdkif olwdkY &yfwnfaeMuaomfvnf;? olwdkY&yfwnfcsufonf ]Ak'toQif\ oabmw&m;tay:ü &yfwnfaeMuonf r[kwf/Ak'toQif\ oabmw&m;ESifY oD;jcm;cGJvsuf &yfwnfNyD; aeMuayonf}/

odkYaomfvnf; xdkolwdkYonf Ak'toQif\ tqdktqkH;ratmufrSuif;vGwfaomolwdkY jzpfonf-[lí qdkívnf; rjzpfao;ay/ tb,faMumifYqdkaomf xdkolwdkYonf Ak'toQifnTefMum;cJYaom aqmif&efESifY a½Smif&eftusifUrsm;udk xufoefaom apwempdwf"gwftjynfhjzifY Ak'toQif\tqkH;tratmufwGif &yfwnfaeMuaomaMumifY jzpfonf/

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]b0Nidrf;csrf;a&;} xlaxmif&mü ]vd*Fomoem}jzifY tb,f rl&tHYenf;/

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aomt&monf wdkif;wmp&m tcsdefaum ½Sdygrnfavm/ r½Sdaomt&monf]twdwf}[lívnf;aumif;? ]ypöKyÜef}[lí vnf;aumif;? ]tem*wf}[lívnf;aumif; ½Sdygrnfavm/ odkYr[kwf r½Sdaomt&mudk raeYuç ,aeYçreufjzef-[k wdkif;wmp&m ½Sdygrnfavm/

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þodkYqdkvsif ]Nidrf;at;jcif;}[laom ]t½Sdw&m;}onf tcsdeftm;jzifYwkdif;wmí&ygoavm[k ar;zG,f½Sdygonf/

þ-]t½SdESifYr½Sd}onf tu,fpifppfü ESpfaxGuGJaomt&m r[kwfyg/ þpum;twGuf Mum;&olrsm; rsufarSmifukyfoGm;rvm; atmufarY&ygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; þpum;udk trSeftwdkif; qdk0HYonfqdkvsif þtwdkif;yif xyfíqdk&ygrnf/



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aom toGifoP²mef\ oufwrf;jyrQjzpfaom pum;rsm;t& xdk pdwfpaom y&rwfw&m;wdkY\ twåowådESifY twåed,owådrsm;½Sdaom t½Sdw&m;-[k ,kHrSm;rnfudk y,fazsmufvdkí odkYr[kwf ,kHrSm;rnfudk pdk;&drfaomaMumifY,if;-pdwfpaom y&rwfrsm;onf ]tedpö}jzpfonf/ odkYr[kwf ]tcsdefrJY}jzpfonf[lí owfowfrSwfrSwf rdefYMum;cJYjcif; jzpfayonf/

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xdkYaMumifY ]tedpö}[laom pum;vkH;onf ]pdwf}paom y&rwfwdkY\]tcsdef½Sdonfudk jiif;qdkaompum;vkH;} jzpfygonf/ þodkY tcsdeftm;jzifYtjiif;cH&aom y&rwfrsm;onf ]t½Sdw&m; r[kwfaMumif;} xif½Sm;apygonf/

55/ 'ku©onf y&rwft½Sdjy toGiftjyifudk jiif;qdkonfhpum;xdkYjyif ]'ku©}[laom ]pdwf}paom y&rwfrsm;\ vu©Pmjy pum;

vkH;onfvnf; xdky&rwfwdkY\ ]t½SdtjzpfudknTefEdkifaom axmifYwpfckudkjiif;qdkaompum;vkH;}-yif jzpfayonf/

[kwfygonf/]'ku©}[laom pum;vkH;onf ]'k}[laom pum;vkH;ESifY]u&}-[laompum;vkH;wdkY aygif;pyfxm;aompum; jzpfygonf/ ]cr}-[laom pum;vkH;ESifY aygif;pyfxm;aom pum;vkH;[kvnf; qdkMuygonf/

þodkY ]'ku©}\ teuft"dyÜg,fonf ]qif;&Jjcif;}-[lí jyefqdkMuygonf/ ]yDVew¬}-ponfjzifYvnf; av;eufvmygonf/ ]qif;&J}-[líyifem;vnfMuygpdkY/



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aocsmrI? a&&mrIenf;aomt&m jzpfygonf/ þolYtaeESifY ]aumif;}-[laomcHpm;rIonf xdkolYtaeESifY ]qdk;}-[laomcHpm;rI jzpfonfvnf;rsm;pGm½Sdayonf/ xdkYjyifvnf; xdkt&mrsm;udkyif tjcm;olwpfOD;taeESifYaumif;çqdk;ESpfwef rxifjyef-[lívnf; ½Sdwwfayonf/

xdkYaMumifY ]'ku©}\ teufudk ]qif;&J}-[k qdk&aomfvnf; þae&mü]'ku©}-[laompum;vkH;onf ]cHpm;rIjypum;-r[kwf}-[k rSwf,loifYavonf/ tb,faMumifYqdkaomf aumif;çqdk; ESpfwef? xdkaumif;çqdk;ESpfwefrSvGwfaomoabm cHçpHrItm;vkH;yif þü ]'ku©}-t&aumuf,lrnf jzpfaomaMumifY jzpfayonf/

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jzpfygonf/þü ]'ku©}\teuf ]qif;&J}[lonf tb,fodkYaom teufenf;-

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r&jcif;jzpfonf [k ajz&ygrnf/[kwfygonf/ ]'ku©}o½kyfouefrsm;jzpfMuaom ]pdwfçapwodufç

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tb,faMumifY 'ku©\o½kyfjzpfaom y&rwfrsm;ü ]Murf;çEk? ,kwfçjrwf} jyKvkyfír&onf-[ltHHY/ tMurf;jzpfapç tEkjzpfap? t,kwfjzpfapçtjrwfjzpfap- 4if;wdkYwpfckckrQ ½SdNyD;rjzpfaomaMumifY[k ajz&ayrnf/

[kwfygonf/ t&mwpfckckonf tu,fí tMurf;½Sdaeonfqdkvsif tEkvkyfí jzpfay&monf/ xdkodkYr[kwfbJ tEk½Sdaeonfqdkvsifvnf;tMurf;jzpfatmif vkyfEdkifay&monf/ t,kwfçtjrwfwdkYvnf; þtwlwpfckck½Sdvsif tjcm;wpfckckjzpfatmif jyKEdkifcGifY ½Sday&monf/ þodkYjyKír&jcif;onf ]Murf;çEk? ,kwfçjrwf} wpfckrQr½Sd-[laom teufudk azmfjy&ma&mufayonf/

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xdkodkYjzpfvsuf ]'ku©}[laompum;vkH;jzifY vkyfr&? cJcufonf?qif;&Jonf-[k qdkvdkufjcif;jzifY ]'ku©o½kyfaqmif} y&rwfrsm;onf toGiftjyifrJYw&m;omjzpfonf-[k qdkvdk&m a&mufygonf/

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]txnf}[lonf tb,fenf;/]txnf}[laom pum;onf ]ae&mESifYpyfaom pum;}yif jzpfyg

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tcef;(4)

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tcef;(4)edAÁmefonf wefcdk;tmEkabmfBuD;onf tqdkay: pdppfokH;oyfcsuf

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odkYaomfvnf; avmuDynmudk r*fynmjzpfatmif edAÁmefonftu,fyif vSnfhajymif;ay;Edkifygoavm/

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xdkYaMumifY-(1) ]edAÁmefa&mufNyD;rS &m*ukef&oavm? &m*ukefaomaMumifY

edAÁmefa&mufoavm}/(2) edAÁmefa&mufaomaMumifY r*f&oavm? r*f&aomaMumifY

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aomaMumifY &m*ukefonf? r*fvnf;jzpfonf}-[k qdkvdkaeonf/ ol\qdkcJYaompum;rsm;ü þodkY t"dyÜg,f½Sdaeonf/

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þü tpOfudk umvjzifYqdkvsif atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygrnfè(1) avmuDynmjzifY edAÁmefudkawGUjcif;onf yXr/(2) edAÁmefawGUNyD;aemuf avmuDynmrS avmukwå&mtjzpfa&muf

jcif;onf 'kwd,/(3) avmukwå&mynmu cdk;olBuD;(ork',)udk owfjcif;ESifY

&yf½Gmat;csrf;jcif;onf wwd,- [lownf;/xdkodkYr[kwfbJ r*fjzpfvsifjzpfjcif;yif cdk;oludkvnf;owf? &yf½Gm

vnf; at;csrf;onfqdkvsif qkdygap/ &mxl;&vsif&jcif;vnf; owfEdkifygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ,if;onf Oyrmjzpfí-[k xm;vsuf owfEdkifonfyif½Sdygap/

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&jcif;u wpfcsdef?½Sifbk&ifxHoGm;onfu wpfcsdef/



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tydkif;wdkif; wNydKifeufyif olYqdkif&mudpöudk vkyfaqmifMu&avonf/ xdkodkYr[kwfvsif xdkpufonf rvnfaompuf? ysufaompuf jzpfygonf/pufysufaevsif tb,ftpdwftydkif;onf tvkyfrvkyfbJ ½Sdaeoenf;-[k qef;ppf&ayonf/ puf\ tpdwftydkif;wdkif;ü olYqdkif&mvkyfief;udpö½Sd&ayonf/

Oyrm-eHywfwpftpdwftydkif; wpfywfvnfqdkvsif? eHywfESpfutywf0uf? eHywfokH;u wpfywfcGJ? eHywfav;u ESpfywf-ponfjzifYjzpfonf/

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xdkYaMumifY xdktqkdonf opöm"r®puftysufBuD; jzpfaeavonf/þodkYjzpfvsif-]tb,f-opömtpdwftydkif;onf ysufaeavoenf;/ ½Smvsif

awGUEdkifrnfavm}/ tu,fí ysufaejcif;rSefvsif ½SmMunfhygrl rkcsyifawGUjrif&ayrnf/



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tb,fopömonf ]todcHudpö ½Sdonf}-[k "r®puf\ uufwavmufü tb,fnTefjyaeygoenf;/ ]edAÁmef}onf ]todcHudpö} ½SdEdkifygrnfavm/

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E:\3tja\NnaGnl\Nivirna\Nivirna.pm6(Nsym)

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