0131389033 ppt12
TRANSCRIPT
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
Chapter 12The Juvenile Justice
System: The Youthful Offender
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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After completion of this chapter, students should be able to:Describe the goals of the juvenile criminal justice systemDiscuss major court cases that shaped due process rights of juvenile offendersExplain why states are beginning to hold juveniles more accountable for crimeDetail how juveniles are processed through the juvenile justice systemTalk about strategies being used to reduce violence in schools
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
Reserved.3
The New York House of Refuge juvenile reformatory was established in 1824
In 1865, any child could be sent to the House of Refuge in New York upon the complaint of a guardian
In 1849, 21% of Maryland penitentiary prisoners were between the ages of 10 and 20 % were between 12 and 20, and 21% were between 10 and 20
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
Reserved.4
Concept of parens patriae allows state government to act in place of parents.
First juvenile court established in 1899 in Cook County, Illinois.
Juvenile courts remove the child from authority of adult criminal courts
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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Status offenders: a child who commits an act that if they were adults, the court would not have any authority over them (i.e. runaways)
Delinquents: juveniles who commit an act that is criminal for both adults and juveniles
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
Reserved.6
Kent v. United States (1966)
In re Gault (1967)
In re Winship (1970)
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
Reserved.7
Juvenile court proceedings are not open for the public to view
Some exceptions: Oklahoma Publishing Company v. District Court in and for Oklahoma City
Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Company
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
Reserved.8
The processing of youthful offenders through the juvenile justice system is quite different from that of the adult system
Forces acting on the juvenile justice system make juveniles who commit violent crimes more accountable for their actions
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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Does the youthful offender have sufficient mens rea to appreciate the criminality of his or her act? Many argue youthful offenders:
1.Are not fully responsible for their criminal actions
2.Do not have the same mens rea or criminal intent as adults, due to their youth
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
Reserved.10
About 25 states have adopted a Blended Sentencing Option to create a ‘middle ground’ between traditional juvenile sanctions and adult sanctions
Blended sentencing can originate with either the juvenile court or the criminal court
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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There are more differences among states in the processing of juveniles in the juvenile justice system than there are in the processing of adults in the criminal justice system
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© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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Intake – the process whereby a juvenile enters the juvenile justice system
Referral – the process where juveniles are referred (by a parent/guardian, school official, social worker, juvenile probation officer, or juvenile court officer) into the juvenile justice system
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© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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Juvenile Adjudication Hearing Delinquency Petition Teen Courts Juvenile Drug Courts Detention and Probation (Aftercare) Residential Placement Juvenile Probation (Aftercare) Juvenile Boot Camps Juvenile Death Penalty Life Sentence Without Parole
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Much attention is focused on explaining why juveniles commit crimes
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Child delinquents (between 7 and 12) are two to three times more likely to become serious, violent, and chronic offenders than adolescents whose delinquent behavior begins in their teens
Antisocial careers of male juvenile offender start, on average, at age 7
Preschool period is critical in setting a foundation for preventing the development of delinquency
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Hybrid Youth Gangs Have younger members Have more female members Less involved in drugs/violent crimes than traditional youth gangs
Female Gangs Females tend to leave the gang around age 20
Commit fewer violent crimes than male gang members
Tend to join gangs because of victimization at home
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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National Youth Anti-Drug Campaign
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
Growing Problems: Methamphetamine use Prescription drug abuse
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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Preventing school violence has become an important goal
Attempts are made to reduce weapons on school property
Attempts are made to reduce bullying
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© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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Reducing weapons on school property Metal detectors
Paying for information Reducing bullying Increasing police presence
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Banning of cell phones
Transferring troublemakers to the juvenile court
Expelling of disruptive/violent students
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CJ 2011James A. Fagin
© 2011 Pearson Higher Education,Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights
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Children are vulnerable victims to certain crimes, and the public and criminal justice system work to protect them from victimization
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Violence Against Children
Sexual Exploitation and Child Pornography
Child Pornography and the Internet
Missing Children
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Megan’s Law: requires sex offenders to register with state law enforcement officials, and this registration is available to the public
AMBER Alerts: allows law enforcement officials to alert the public of a missing or abducted child