Design approaches

Structure DA 1

DA 2 DA 3 Combination 1 Combination 2

General A1 + M1 + R1 A2 + M2 + R1 A1 + M1 + R2 A1* + A2† + M2 + R3

Man Made Slopes A1 + M1 + R1 A2 + M2 + R1

Piles A1 + M1 + R1 A2 + M1 + R4 A1 + M1 + R2 A1* + A2† + M2 + R3

* for the structure actions;

† for the geotechnical actions

A1 – C1 – the partial factors are applied only to the actions

A1 – C2 - the partial factors are applied only to the characteristics of soil

Design approach 1 Partial

coefficient

Combination 1 Combination 2

A1 M1 R1 A2 M2 R1

Permanent

actions

Unfavorable γG 1.35 1.00

Favorable γG,fav 1.00 1.00

Variable

actions

Unfavorable γQ 1.50 1.30

Favorable γQ,fav 0.00 0.00

Internal friction angle (tan φ') γφ' 1.00 1.25

Effective cohesion (c') γc' 1.00 1.25

Undrained cohesion (cu) γcu 1.00 1.40

Unconfined compressive strength (qu) γqu 1.00 1.40

Unit weight (γ) γγ 1.00 1.00

Resistance (R) γR 1.00 1.00

A2 - the partial factors are applied only to the actions and to the resistance of soil

Design approach 2 Partial coefficient A1 M1 R2

Permanent actions Unfavorable γG 1.35

Favorable γG,fav 1.00

Variable actions Unfavorable γQ 1.50

Favorable γQ,fav 0.00

Material properties (X) γx 1.00

Bearing resistance (Rv) γR;v 1.40

Resistance

sliding (Rh) γR;h 1.10

earth (Re)

γR;e

earth retaining 1.40

slopes 1.10

A3 - the partial factors are applied to the actions (or to the effects of actions) and to the

resistance characteristics of soil

Design approach 2 Partial coefficient A1 A2 M2 R3

Permanent actions Unfavorable γG 1.35 1.00

Favorable γG,fav 1.00 1.00

Variable actions Unfavorable γQ 1.50 1.30

Favorable γQ,fav 0.00 0.00

Internal friction angle (tan φ') γφ 1.25

Effective cohesion (c') γc 1.25

Undrained cohesion (cu) γcu 1.40

Unconfined compressive strength (qu) γqu 1.40

Unit weight γγ 1.00

Resistance (R) (except for pile shaft in

tension) γR 1.00

Pile shaft resistance in tension γR,st 1.00