02 sustainable+architecture+ +theory+04wm
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Sustainable ArchitectureTRANSCRIPT
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Sustainable Architecture - Theory Youth Education Centre, Windberg Architect: Herzog und Partner
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 1
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Sustainable Architecture - Theory
Contents: Natural vs. Built Environment Ecological Architecture / Green Building Performance Metrics of Sustainability Economical Aspects of Sustainability
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 2
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Natural vs. Built Environment
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More people live in urban than in rural areas
Environmental Impact of Buildings
40% of raw materials is consumed by buildings
Running out of fossil energy sources
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Characteristics of The Built Environment
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Increasing Urbanization Energy consumption Amount of waste Amount of sewage
How to manage these issues in architecture?
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Environment and Architecture
Traditional architecture: protective, resists external impacts, small windows (15%)
Modernist architecture: large windows 80%, insufficient construction technology, large energy consumption, bad indoor climate
1980s: counter-balancing bad indoor climate with cooling and heating
Historic Overview
Sequential Architectural Design Process design disciplines do their job one after the other
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1973-74 energy crisis: energy over-consumption becomes an issue
Building energy research: study and simulation of energy currents through the building envelope
Sustainability becomes an issue
Environment and Architecture
Historic Overview
Simultaneous Architectural Design Process activities of design disciplines overlap to
optimize efficiency and save time
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 7
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Functional: constructional, operational
Human: safety and security, health, comfort
Cultural: aesthetics, social context
Economical: profit, life cycle cost
Ecological: energy use, energy sources, building materials, water management, waste and pollution management
Architectural Design Guidelines
Environment and Architecture
Eco-Architecture
Environmental awareness in architecture
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Ecological Architecture Green Building
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Youth Education Centre, Windberg Architect: Herzog und Partner
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Sustainability Constant social development without allowing economic growth beyond the limits of the environmental supply and waste management capacities
Ecology The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments
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Ecology vs. Sustainability
Sustainability
Ecology
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Ecological Architecture
FIRE AIR
WATER
EARTH
Water Management
Building Materials
Waste Management
Site Management
Energy
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Conventional Building Operation
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Sun
Air Sound
Fresh air
Fossil energy
Fresh water
Materials
Vegetation
Operation
Stale air
Heat energy
Sewage
Waste
Water
Noise
Precipitation
Earth
Unutilized Natural Resources
Wind
LINEAR PROCESSES 2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Ecological Building Operation
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Sun
Fresh air Wind
Building Materials
Vegetation
Energy Operation
Ground water
Water management
Precipitation
Geo-structure
Waste management Water
Water management
Utilized Natural Resources
CIRCULAR PROCESSES 2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Implement the main ecological guidelines
throughout the buildings entire lifecycle
Green Building - Directive
Lifecycle of Buildings
Design Fabrication Building Maintenance Renovation Demolition
Main Ecological
Guidelines
Reduce Conserve Recycle
Provide the highest possible level of autonomy
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Cut dependence on external resources
Green Building - Autonomy
Achievable Levels of
Autonomy
Heat energy (20-100%) Electricity (20-100%) Water supply (20-100%) Sewage management
(20-100%)
Waste management (20-40%)
Yellow Tree House Restaurant
Pacific Environment Architects Photo: Lucy Gauntlett
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Ecological Architecture - Principles
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Energy: maximize efficiency, conserve fossil, use renewable
Air: healthy indoor air quality, reduce CO2-equivalent emission
Building Materials: recycle, reuse
Earth: minimize land use, utilize local resources Waste Management: consciously Water: avoid pollution Water Management: conserve drinking water, use rain or
grey water Fire: utilize solar energy
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Performance Metrics of Sustainability
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Materials and resources
Indoor environment
Innovation in design
Regional priority
Sustainable sites
Water efficiency
Energy and atmosphere
Viikki Church, JKMM Architects, Photo: Arno de la Chapelle Econia Business Park, C&J Architects
Green Building Rating Systems - Chapters According to LEED 2009
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Sustainable sites 26 Water efficiency 10 Energy and atmosphere 35 Materials and resources 14 Indoor environment 15 Innovation in design 6 Regional priority 4
Green Building Rating Systems - Points According to LEED 2009
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Performance Metrics of Sustainability Energy-Related
Operational Metrics Energy Consumption Energy Performance Rating CO2-Equivalent Emission
Life Cycle Metrics Energy Consumption Life Cycle CO2-Equivalent Emission
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Operational Energy Consumption Metrics
EcoDesigner* Public Beta release
EcoDesigner* final, commercial release
EcoDesigner* final, commercial release
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Energy Demand
Fuel Consumption
Energy Performance Rating
Compare projects with:
statistical database or
calculated baseline performance
Primary Energy
Operational Energy Consumption Metrics
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 22
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Consumption And Emission Metrics
Equivalent CO2 emission converts the effects of emitted greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, CO, NMVOC, NOx. N2O) to the equivalent amount of CO2
Primary energy consumption locally relevant factors enable the conversion of all end-use energy quantities to primary energy so that they can be summarized
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Fuel type Primary E Factor CO2 Factor
District heating 0.8 1.5 0.24 0.41
Electricity 1.8 2.7 0.49 - 0.68
Natural gas 1.0 1.1 0.25
Raw mineral oil 1.0 1.1 0.30 0.31
Coal 0.95 1.2 0.29 - 0.44
Dried wood 0.2 - 0.6 0.03 0.05
Renewables 0 0
Consumption And Emission Metrics
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To ensure the healthy balance of the environment, emission must be reduced to meet the capacity of natural absorbers
E.g. Present situation in Hungary:
CO2-Equivalent Emission= ~6 tons/capita, a
capacity of natural absorbers= ~2.5 tons/capita, a
CO2-Equivalent Emission vs. Natural Absorbers
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On a sunny summer day, a 100 years old oak tree produces 9.4 m3 oxygen clarifies 36000 m3 air This is enough for 12 grown up persons for a day
CO2-Equivalent Emission Capacity of Natural Absorbers E.g.
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Solar Reflectance Index (Heat Island Effect) Water Used for Operation
Drinking Potable
Percentage of Building Reuse Building Material Content (Relative)
Reused Recycled Regional Low Emitting
Ecological Footprint
Performance Metrics of Sustainability Not Energy-Related
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Ecological Footprint
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Resource and waste management needs of a society/economy/household in ecological active land area (Ha/person, year) Based on international statistics Usually between 1.6 and 9 Ha/person,
year
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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Economical Aspects of Sustainability
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Consider Whole Life Cost
Evaluate return of investment on components
Minimize traffic and transportation think local
Minimize consumption: material, drinking water and energy
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Rationalize Costs And Expenses
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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A typical office building costs about three times its initial cost to operate and maintain over 30 years
Carefully implemented sustainable design only costs 2% more to build but may pay back the original investment 10 times over
Reduced energy consumption due to strategic green investments has a stronger effect on the LCC than the original investment
If the team members involved know what they are doing, you can go pretty far
down the path of creating a green building without adding extra costs at all.
Environmental Building News editor Nadav Malin
Payback Calculation
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd 31
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Whole Life Cost = Life Cycle Cost (LCC)
Construction Operation Maintenance End of life
+ Profit
Energy calculations and cost simulations can be used concurrently to ensure that energy-conservation and capital goals are met
Life Cycle Analysis
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Green constructions typically only become
profitable after a long time
Project-related costs do not include national
consequences (exploitation of resources,
pollution etc.)
To offset the extra initial investments,
governments should support green
construction, on national level.
Government Incentives
2/26/13 Building Constructions 7 - Lecturer: Mikls Svd
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pletszerkezetek Tanszk - pletszerkezzettan 7 Fenntarthat fejlds fenntarthat pts ALAPFOGALMAK- Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet Energia-, leveg- s vz- HZTARTS - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet ANYAGHZTARTS puletszerkezetek ptstechnikk - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet ALTERNATV PTSI MDOK fld- s szalmabla - pts, recikllt anyagok - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet MSZAKI S KOLGIAI PLETREHABILITCI Algoritmus - Dr. Lnyi Erzsbet PLET-REKONSTRUKCI KOLGIAI RTKELSI SZEMPONTJAI - ? PLETFELJTSOK ENERGETIKAI LEHETSGEI Transzparens szerkezetek Dr. Becker Gbor KRNYEZETTUDATOS FELJTSOK PTSZETI TZVDELMI VONATKOZSAI - Dr. Takcs Lajos Gbor PLETFELJTSOK ENERGETIKAI LEHETSGEI - dr. Kakasy Lszl PLETEK UTLAGOS SZIGETELSE TALAJNEDVESSG, S TALAJVZ ELLEN - dr. Kakasy Lszl Magaspts Tanszk kolgikus pts Jegyzetek Fenntarhato -- Dr. Szll Mria Energia - Dr. Szll Mria s Dr. Tth Elek Energiatermels Dr. Ptzay Gyrgy Energiafogyaszts - Dr. Szll Mria ghajlat - Dr. Szll Mria kolgikus pts - Dr. Szll Mria Globalizci vs. Fenntarthatsg / Fenntarthat Fejlds - Dr. Szll Mria Energiavlsg Fts - Dr. Tth Elek Hszivatty - Dr. Tth Elek Problmakr - Medgyasszay Pter PhD, Vajnn Horn Valria DLA Regionalits - Medgyasszay Pter PhD Egszsges krnyezet - V. Horn Valria DLA Passzvhz - Medgyasszay Pter PhD Szolris ptszet alapjai - V. Horn Valria DLA Fld / vlyog - Medgyasszay Pter PhD ko-rekonstrukci - V. Horn Valria Fenntarthat hz - Medgyasszay Pter PhD ptskolgiai rtkels - V. Horn Valria DLA Other ANSI/ASHRAE, BRE, CIBSE, DOE-EERE, EIA, IBPSA, USGBC, Passivhaus Institut, GBC AUS, ABCB, ISO, Magyar puletenergetikai Szablyozs
References
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