03-02 nervni sistem p3

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АНАТОМИЈА И ФИЗИОЛОГИЈА ЧОВКА ЗА ИНЖЕЊЕРЕ

1

1. НЕРВНО ТКИВО

Handout 3p-2009

NERVNI SISTEMnastaa!a n"#$%n& '"(#s%)n% !%'#n&*&$a+# &

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N"#$%n +" %sn%na 7#n!*&%na1na +".&n&*a n"$n%- t!&a &2$".sta1+a na+.&7"$"n*&$an&+# 0"1&+# # 8%"8&+"' t"1#3Sast%+& s" &, t"1a & nastaa!a3 9#t"'

!%'#n&*&$a+# sa .$#-&' n"n"$n&' 0"1&+a'a. V","!%+" s" 2$& t%' %sta$#+# na,&a+# s" s&na2s"3 S'at$a s".a n"$n& s&st"' 8%"!a sa.$4& 2$"!% 100 '&1&+a$.&n"#$%na6 a .a sa!& %. n+&/ '%4" .a %)$a,#+" 2$"!%

1000 s&na2s& sa s#s".n&' n"#$%n&'a3T"1% n"#$%na '%4" )&t& $a,1&8&t" "1&8&n" (25 –

150 :m) & &'at& $a,1&8&t %)1&!: ,",.ast 2&$a'&.a1an$"t"nast6 &t.3

;. t"1a n"#$%na 2%1a," nasta*& – &<" !$at!&/ nastaa!a – ."n.$&ta & +".an .#-& nastaa! – n"#$&t &1&a!s%n3

S1&!a 1. Ra,1&8&t& %)1&*& n"#$%na: = – 2&$a'&.a1n& n"#$%n !%$" "1&!%- '%,-a; V – %!$#-1& n"#$%n !&8'"n&/ -an-1&+a; S – !%$2ast& n"#$%n !%$" 'a1%- '%,-a; D – %a1n& n"#$%n '%4.an&/ -an-1&+a; E – $"t"nast& n"#$%n !%$" "1&!%- '%,-a;

F – !$#<!ast& n"#$%n ( 9#$!&n+"%a 0"1&+a ) !%$" 'a1%- '%,-a; G & H – 'a1& & "1&!& ,$nast& n"#$%n& !%$" 'a1%- '%,-a, De – ."n.$&t&, Ax – a!s%n; Ko – !%1at"$a1a.

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• .#4&n& a!s%na: ?%1.4&+" t&2 I ("1&!% t"1%6 .#-a!s%n !%+& #1a,& # sasta !&8'"n&/ & '%4.an&/4&a*a – 2$"n%s& &n7%$'a*&+" # n"$n%' s&st"'# &, +".n" %)1ast& # .$#-# &1& 2$"n%s& !%'an."*"nt$a1n%- n"$n%- s&st"'a (@NSAa) .% "7"!t%$a6 &?%1.4& t&2 II (s&tn% t"1% & !$ata! a!s%n – 2$&'"$ s#&nt"$n"#$%n&).



Handout 3p-2009

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n"!" %. n+&/ s" $a0a+# !a 2"$&!a$&%n# – $"!#$"ntn"-$an"3 >$%, a!s%n s" %.&+a &nt"n,&an t$ans2%$t & t% #%)a s'"$a: ant"$%-$a.n& – %. 2"$&!a$&%na !a a!s%ns!&'2$%.#4"*&'a & $"t$%-a.n& t$ans2%$t – %. !$a+"a a!s%na!a 2"$&!a$&%n#. B %.n%s# na )$,&n# '%4" )&t& )$,& &s2%$& t$ans2%$t3 S2%$& t$ans2%$t +" &s!1+#8&% ant"$%-$a.n&(0,2 – 10 mm/.an) n+&'" s" 2$"n%s" 2$%t"&ns!"s#)+".&n&*" '&!$%t#)#1a6 "n,&'& & .$#-" s#2stan*"$ast%$"n" # *&t%21a,'&3 >%. n"#$%na sa +a!% .#-&'a!s%n%' ,a t$ans2%$t s#2stan*& .% a!s%ns!&/ t"$'&na1a2%t$")n% +" n"!%1&!% '"s"*&3 C$,& t$ans2%$t +".%s'"$an (20 – 70 mm/.an). C$,&' ant"$%-$a.n&'t$ans2%$t%' 2$"n%s" s" %$-an"1"6 s&na2t&8!" ",&!#1" &

s#2stan*" n&s!" '%1"!#1s!" t"4&n"3 R"t$%-$a.n&'t$ans2%$t%' 2$"n%s" s" &st$%<"n" s#)*"1#1a$n"!%'2%n"nt" !%+" s" # 2"$&!a$&%n# $a,1a4# & !%$&st" ,as&nt",# n%&/ !%'2%n"nt&3 Na %a+ na8&n s"t$ans2%$t#+# & s#2stan*" 2$"#,"t" &, %!%1&n" a!s%na(7a!t%$& $asta, t%!s&n&, &$#s )"sn&1a & herpex simplex-a).@"nt$a1n# #1%-# # a!s%na1n%' t$ans2%$t# &'a+#'&!$%t#)#1" & '%t%$n& 2$%t"&n& #.$#4"n& sa n+&'a: .&n"&n &!&n",&n3 >&n",&n #8"st#+" # ant"$%-$a.n%'6 a .&n"&n #$"t$%-$a.n%' t$ans2%$t#3



Handout 3p-2009

S1&!a 3. =nat%'&+a n"$n" 0"1&+"

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$a,%+a n"$n%- s&st"'a3 9%8&n+" # 4. '"s"*#"')$&%na1n%- $a,%+a6 %.&+a s" "%'a s2%$% & #$a,1&8&t% $"'" ,a/ata 2%+".&n" 2"$&7"$n" n"$" & 2#t""# @NSA#. =!s%n& '%t%$n&/ n"$aa #-1an%' s#'&+"1&n&,%an& na $%("n+#6 %8n& n"$ %!% 4. '"s"*a 2%$%("n+#6 !%$t&!%s2&na1n& 2#t .% !$a+a 2$" -%.&n"6 an"#$%n& !%+& &,-$a(#+# '%4.an" s2%+n&*" (!%'&s#$")2%s1" 7. -%.&n" 4&%ta



Handout 3p-2009

M&+"1&n&,a*&+a ,a/ata 8&ta a!s%n %s&' n+"-%%-&n&*&+a1n%- s"-'"nta & ,a$<n&/ -$an8&*a !%+" %)$a,#+#s&na2s"3 M&+"1&ns!& %'%ta8 +" .&s!%nt&n#&$an – n".%sta+"na '"st&'a -." s" s#st&8# ." Fan%" 0"1&+"3 ;a'"sta s" na,&a+# Ran&+"%a s#4"n+a (8%$%&), )%-at&s# Na+ !ana1&'a & t% s# '"sta nastan!a a!*&%n%-

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– 50 2#ta )$4" # %.n%s# na n"'&+"1&n&,%an& a!s%n3

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n+&/ '%4" .a '&+"1&n&,#+" 2% +".an a!s%n3

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Handout 3p-2009

S1&!a 5. M&+"1&n&,%an% ( = ) & n"'&+"1&n&,%an% ( V ) n"$n% 1a!n%: =/ – a!s%n; H – Fan%a 0"1&+a; M; – '&+"1&ns!&%'%ta8; M" – '",a!s%n; M" – s2%1+a<n+& '",a!s%n; !J – Ran&+"% 8%$ ; " H – 2$%.#4"ta! Fan%" 0"1&+"; E # – "!st"$na 1a'&na; >$% – !%1a-"na 1a!an*a.

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Handout 3p-2009

9% 1%!a1&,a*&+& s# 2%."1+"n" na *"nt$a1n# & 2"$&7"$n# -1&+#3@"nt$a1n" -1&+a 0"1&+" s" na1a," # @NSA#6 a 2"$&7"$na-1&+a # 2"$&7"$n%' n"$n%' s&st"'#3

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• /"'&+s!"3

9$"n%s s&-na1a # "1"!t$&8n&' s&na2sa'a +" )$4& +"$ n",a/t"a 2$&s#st% s&-na1n&/ s#2stan*& – n"#$%t$ans'&t"$a3 9$"'a /"'&+s!%' sasta#6 '"st#s&nt","6 )$,&n& & '"/an&,'# ."1%an+a n"#$%t$ans'&t"$& s"."1" # ." -$#2":

1.;n& !%+& s" s&nt"t&<# # s&na2t&8!%' 8%$#6 ."1#+# )$,%2#t"' ",&an+a ,a +%ns!" !ana1" ('"n+a+# 2$%2#st1+&%st +%ns!&/ !ana1a): a*"t&1/%1&n6 )&%-"n& a'&n& (a.$"na1&n6n%$a.$"na1&n6 .%2a'&n & s"$%t%n&n), n"!" a'&n%!&s"1&n"(-a'aAa'&n%)#t"$na !&s"1&na6 -1&*&n6 -1#ta'at6 as2a$tat).

Na.$a41+&%st – s%+st% n"$n" 0"1&+" .a $"a-#+" na'"/an&8!"6 t"$'&8!"6 /"'&+s!" & s"t1%sn" st&'#1#s"

S2$%%.1+&%st – s2%s%)n%st .a 2$&'1+"n& na.$a4a+2$"n"s" # &.# "1"!t$&8n%- s&-na1a .$#-&' 0"1&+a'a

N"#$%-1&+a3 N"#$%-1&+a 2$".sta1+a 2%t2%$n" 0"1&+"*"nt$a1n%- & 2"$&7"$n%- n"$n%- s&st"'a3 H"1&+" n"#$%-1&+"

# '%,-# s# %!% 10 2#ta )$%+n&+" %. n"#$%na a1&,a#,&'a+# sa'% 2%1%&n# 'as" '%,-a +"$ s# ,natn%s&tn&+"3 ?1&+a 0"1&+" s" $a,1&!#+# 2% 1%!a1&,a*&+&6 st$#!t#$& &.%n"!1" & 2% 7#n!*&+&3

2. ;n& !%+& s" s&nt"t&<# # 2"$&!a$&%n#, s2%$% ."1#+#6na,&a+# s" & n"#$%'%.#1at%$&: %2&%.n& 2"2t&.& ("n.%$7&n &"n!"7a1&n), -ast$%&nt"st&na1n& 2%1&2"2t&.& (1#8" s" #*$"&'a: /%1"*&st%!&n&n6 n"#$%2"2t&. !, s#2stan*a R6a,%a!t&n& &nt"st&na1n& 2"2t&., n"#$%t"n,&n6 &t..),n"#$%/%$'%n& (%s1%)a(a+#0& 7a!t%$& /&2%ta1a'#sa6%!s&t%*&n6 a,%2$"s&n), n"!& -as%& (N",

#")

?KID= HEKIDE BK;?=

@"nt$a1na -1&+a

ast$%*&t& 2%t2%$na, #s'"$aa+#0a 2%t2%$na '$"4a 2$& '&-$a*&+& n"#$%na & $ast# a!s%na6n#t$&t&na6 $"-#1a*&+a sa.$4a+a E@MAa6 '"ta)%1&8!a6 ."2% -1&!%-"na

%1&-%."n.$%*&t& sta$a+# '&+"1&ns!& %'%ta8

"2"n.&'%*&t& %)1a4# !%'%$" & !ana1" '%,-a & *"nt$a1n& !ana1 !&8'"n" '%4.&n"

'&!$%-1&+a '%4.an& 'a!$%7a-A#!1an+an+" %<t"0"n&/ 0"1&+a & '&+"1&na #n#ta$ n"$n%- t!&a

9"$&7"$na -1&+aFan%" 0"1&+" sta$a+# '&+"1&ns!& %'%ta8

sat"1&ts!" 0"1&+" %!$#4#+# t"1a n"$n&/ 0"1&+a # s2&na1n&'6 *"$")$a1n&' & a#t%n%'n&'-an-1&%n&'a



$%$&'*$ ''*$ '$ $ %333

Handout 3 -2009

S1&!a '. V$st" n"#$%-1&+a # @NSE!s*&tat%$n& & &n/&)&t%$n& n"#$%t$ans'&t"$&3N"#$%t$ans'&t"$& !%+& na 2%sts&na2t&8!%+

'"')$an&.%%." .% nastan!a "!s*&tat%$n%- 2%sts&na2t&&8!%-2%t"n*&+a1a & <&$"n+a n"$n%-

&'2#1sa s# "!s*&tat%$n& n"#$%t$ans'&&t"$& (a*"t&1/%1&n6

n%$a.$"na1&n...), .%! %n& !%+& &,a,&a+# 2%+a# nastan!a

&n/&)&t%$n%- 2%sts&na2t&8!%- 2%t"n*&+a1a & #s2%$"n+" &1&

2$"!&. 2$"n%sa s&-n1a na,&a+# s" &n/&)&t%$n&

n"#$%t$ans'&t"$& (-a'aAa'&n%)#t"$na !&s"1&na).

R"-"n"$a*&+a n"$n%- t!&a3 9%s1" $%("n+a (2%stnata1n%)n"$n" 0"1&+" s" n" #'n%4aa+#6 ta!% .a n" 2%st%+&'%-#0n%st n+&/%" %)n%" &1& ,a'"n"3 B!%1&!% .%(" .%%<t"0"n+a 2"$&!a$&%na6 n"#$%n 2$%2a.a3 ?#)&t!%'%."("n%- )$%+a n"#$%na .%1a,& & .% -#)&t!a 7#!n*&+"!%+# %n& %)a1+a+#3 M%-#0" +" .a s" 7#n!*&+a 2%n%%#s2%sta&6 ta!% <t% 0" %!%1n" ,.$a" 0"1&+" na2$a&t& n%"s&na2s" & 2$"#,"t& 7#n!*&+# %<t"0"n&/ 0"1&+a3 9$%st%$ #!%'" s# s" na1a,&1& %<t"0"n& n"#$%n& # @NSA#2%2#n+aa+# 0"1&+" -1&+" !%+" s" #'n%4aa+# & nasta+"%4&1+n% t!&%3

B 9NSA# '%-#0a +" $"-"n"$a*&+a 2"$&7"$n%- n"$a

#!%1&!% +" 2$"s"8"n n+"-% a!s%n6 a t"1% 0"1&+" %sta1%%8#an%3 B %%+ $"-"n"$a*&+& a4n# #1%-# &-$a+#Fan%" 0"1&+"3 ;2%$aa! n"!a.a '%4" t$a+at& & .% 6'"s"*a3

S1&!a . F"'a $"-"n"$a*&+" 2"$&7"$n%- n"$a



$%$&'*$ ''*$ '$ $ %333

Handout 3 -2009

2. @ENTR=KNI NERVNI SISTEM (@NS)

@NS s" sast%+& %. '%,-a (encephalon) & !&8'"n"'%4.&n" (medulla spinalis). ")" st$#!t#$" sa.$4".a '%$7%1%<!a %."1+!a !%+a s" $a,1&!#+# 2% )%+&:

• s&a 'asa (supstantia grisea) – sast%+& s" %.t"1a n"#$%na6 ."n.$&ta6 2%8"tn&/ s"-'"nata .#-&/a!s%na & 8&ta&/ !$at!&/ a!s%na3 N"#$%n& s" # s&%+'as& %$-an&,#+# # &.# 2a$a1"1n&/ s1%+"a – 1a'&na (!a% # !%$& "1&!%- '%,-a) &1& # %)1&!#-%'&1&*a ('%4.ana +".$a).

• )"1a 'asa (supstantia alba) – sast%+& s" #-1an%' %.'&+"1&n&,%an&/ n"$n&/ 1a!ana !%+a '# .a+#!a$a!t"$&st&8n# )"1# s"."7ast# )%+#3 C"1a 'asa n"sa.$4& t"1a n"#$%na3

En*"7a1%n s" sast%+& %.:

1. "1&!%- '%,-a (ele89epal86 9ere<r=m)

2. '"(#'%,-a(>ie89ephal8)

3. s$".n+"- '%,-a

(mese89ephal8)

4. '%4.an%- '%sta(p8s)

5. 'a1%- '%,-a(9ere<ell=m)

6. 2$%.#4"n" '%4.&n" (me>=lla <l8aa).

N"!" %. -1an&/ 7#n!*&+a na)$%+an&/ ."1%a @NSAa .at"s# # ta)"1& na s1"."0%+ st$an&3

S$".n+& '%,a!6 '%4.an& '%st & 2$%.#4"na '%4.&na-$a." *"1&n# !%+a s" na,&a '%4.an% sta)1% (r=89=s

9ere<ri). M%4.an% sta)1% 2%",#+" !&8'"n# '%4.&n# sa*"nt$&'a # '%,-# & # n+"'# s# s'"<t"n& *"nt$& ,a'n%-" &ta1n" 7#n!*&+" (.&san+"6 $a. s$*a).

M%,a! +" s'"<t"n # 1%)an+s!%+ .#21+&6 a !&8'"na'%4.&na #n#ta$ !&8'"n%- !ana1a. I,'"(# !%<tan%- &

'%4.an%- t!&a na1a," s" %'%ta8& %. ",&n%- t!&a:t$.a (>=ra maer), 2a#8&nasta (arah8i>ea) & '"!a'%4.ana %2na (pia maer). >%<tan& & ",&n& %'%ta8& <t&t"'"!% t!&% @NSAa %. %<t"0"n+a3

@"1%!#2an @NS &,%1%an +" %. '"!" '%4.an" %2n"

2$%.#4"*&'a ast$%*&ta !%+& 7%$'&$a+# 7&n# '"')$an#3

Na 2%$<&n& "1&!%- '%,-a na1a," s" )$%+n& na)%$&

– -&$#s& (gyrus) & 41")%& – s#1!#s& (sulcus) !%+& ,na8a+n%2%"0aa+# 2%$<&n# '%4.an" !%$"3 Int"1"!t#a1n&!a2a*&t"t %s%)" n" ,a&s& %. 'as" '%,-a "0 %. 2%$<n"'%4.an" !%$"3

>%$a "1&!%- '%,-a s" sast%+& %. t"1a n"#$%na

$as2%$"("n&/ # 2a$a1"1n" s1%+"" – 1a'&n"3 C$%+ &

<&$&na 1a'&na +" $a,1&8&t # 2%+".&n&' $"-&+a'a3 T$%s1%+na!%$a s" na,&a a1%!%$t"!s & 7&1%-"n"ts!& +" sta$&+a %.<"st%s1%+n" !%$" – n"%!%$t"!sa3 T$%s1%+na !%$a 8&n& 10 ?'%4.an" !%$" a na1a,& s" # '&$&sn%' !%$t"!s# &1&')&8!%' s&st"'#; %sta1" $"-&+" 2%!$&a n"%!%$t"!s3

N"$na 1a!na # !%$& s# ."1%' '&+"1&n&,%ana & -$#2&sana# "$t&!a1n" & /%$&,%nta1an" 2#t""3

Bs/%.na s"n,%$na & n&s/%.na '%t%$na 1a!na %)$a,#+#

"$t&!a1n" 2$%+"!*&%n" 2#t""3 L%$&,%nta1na 1a!na

7%$'&$a+# !%$t&!%!%$t&!a1n" & t$ans!%$t&!a1n" as%*&+at&n"

2#t""3

9#t"& @NS-a. 9#t"& @NSAa s" na,&a+# t$a!t#s&(ra9=s) & 7as*&!#1#s& (@as9i9=l=s) & -$a." )"1# 'as#s&/ ."1%a '%,-a & !&8'"n" '%4.&n"3 9#t"" -$a."-$#2&san& 2$%.#4"*& n"#$%na & n+&/%" s&na2s"3 ;&2#t"& 2%",#+# ."1%" s&&/ 'asa # n"$n%'

s&st"'# # 7#n!*&%ana1n" *"1&n"3 M%-# s" 2%."1&t& na: as%*&+at&n" – 2%",#+# /%'%1at"$a1n" s&"

'as" @NSAa

!%'&s#$a1n" – 2%",#+# !%nt$a1at"$a1n" *"nt$" # 2%+".&n&' ."1%&'a @NSAa &

2$%+"!*&%n" – !$at!" (2%",#+# !%$# "1&!%-'%,-a sa ta1a'#s%' & %)$atn%) & .#-"(#s/%.n" & n&s/%.n"6 !%+& s" 7#n!*&%na1n% ."1"na '%t%$n"6 s"n,&t&n" & 8#1n").

St$#!t#$a !%$" "1&!%- '%,-a s" '%4" 2$&!a,at& & !a%s!#2 "1&!%- )$%+a a1+!ast&/ "$t&!a1n&/ st#)&0a – *"$")$a1n&/ !%1#'n&6 !%+" s" 2$%t"4# !$%, s&/ A s1%+"a!%$"3 Sa!& %. %&/ st#)&0a &'a 2$"8n&! 200 – 600 :m6sa.$4& %!% 10 n"#$%na & 2$".sta1+a n",a&sn#7#n!*&%na1n# *"1&n#3

S&a 'asa "1&!%- '%,-a6 %s&' !%$"6 na1a,& s" # &.#-$#2a*&+a !%+" s" na,&a+# s#)!%$t&!a1n" s&" 'as" &1&)a,a1n" -an-1&+"3 Ca,a1n" -an-1&+" #8"st#+# # !%$.&na*&+&2%!$"ta3

&"n*"7a1%n s" sast%+& %.:

1. ta1a'#sa

2. '"tata1a'#sa

3. "2&ta1a'#sa

4. s#)ta1a'#sa

5. /&2%ta1a'#sa3

>%$a *"$")"1#'a +" .")"1a 2$%s"8n% 1 mm & ,a $a,1&!#%. !%$" "1&!%- '%,-a6 &'a s#.a 2%.+".na!# -$a(#(sa8&n+"na +" %. t$& s1%+a). C"1a 'asa *"$")"1#'a sa.$4&'&+"1&n&,%ana n"$na 1a!na &



$%$&'*$ ''*$ '$ $ %333

Handout 3 -2009

B



C

-1&+a 0"1&+"3 Man+& ."% 1a!ana 8&n" n&s/%.n& ("7"$"ntn&)a!s%n& 9#$!&n+"%&/ 0"1&+a (n"#$%n& 8&+& s" ."n.$&t&-$ana+# 2%2#t .$"ta – !a$a!t"$&st&8n" 0"1&+" *"$")"1#'a,"%'a s# %s"t1+&" na ."+st% a1!%/%1a), a "0& ."%8&n" #s/%.n& (a7"$"ntn&) a!s%n& n"#$%na s'"<t"n&/ #!&8'"n%+ '%4.&n& & '%4.an%' sta)1#3 B )"1%+ 'as&*"$")"1#'a na1a," s" -$#2" t"1a n"#$%na !%+a -$a."

s&# 'as# & %,na8"na s# !a% +".$a *"$")"1#'a (8=9leii9ere<elli) & &'a &/ 4.

>&8'"na '%4.&na (medulla spinalis). >&8'"na '%4.&na +" ."% @NSAa s'"<t"n # !&8'"n%' !ana1#3 S&a 'asas" na1a,& # #n#t$a<n+"' ."1# ('".&+a1n%) & na 2%2$"8n%'2$"s"!# &'a &,-1". 1"2t&$a (2$".n+& $%-%& – .")1+& & !$a0&6,a.n+& $%-%& – tan+& & .#4&6 & )%8n& $%-%&) a )"1a 'asas2%1+a (1at"$a1n%). 9% s$".&n& !&8'"n" '%4.&n" 2$%1a,&*"nt$a1n& !ana1

– 9a8alis 9e8ralis3 9$".n+" $%-%" 8&n" t"1a '%t%$n&/n"#$%na !&8'"n" '%4.&n" 8&+& a!s%n& #1a," # sasta2$".n+&/ & !%$"n%a !&8'"n&/ (s2&na1n&/) n"$aa &,a$<aa+# s" na s!"1"tn&' '&<&0&'a3 B sasta ,a.n+&/

$%-%a #1a," n"#$%n& !%+&'a s" 2$"n%s" s"n,&t&n&&'2#1s& sa 2"$&7"$&+"3 B sasta )%8n&/ $%-%a #1a,"n"#$%n& !%+& 2$&2a.a+# a#t%n%'n%' n"$n%' s&st"'#3C"1a 'asa !&8'"n" '%4.&n" sast%+& s" %. #s/%.n&/ &n&s/%.n&/ 2#t"a & sn%2%a (t$a!t#sa & 7as*&!#1#sa). I.#0&%.%,-% na.%1" 2%"0aa s" 2%2$"8n& .&+a'"ta$ !&8'"n"'%4.&n" & '"n+a s" %.n%s s&" & )"1" 'as" # !%$&st s&"3

>&8'"na '%4.&na 2%."1+"na +" na s"-'"nt":

$atn& (*"$&!a1n&) s"-'"nt& (8)

-$#.n& (t%$a!a1n&) s"-'"nt& (12)

s1a)&ns!& (1#')a1n&) s"-'"nt& (5)

!$sn& (sa!$a1n&) (5) +

t$t&8n& (!%!*&-"a1n&) ()!

S"-'"nt 8&n& ."% !&8'"n" '%4.&n" &, !%- &,1a,& +".an2a$ !&8'"n&/ 4&a*a3 V&s&na s"-'"nta n" %.-%a$a&s&n& 2$<1+an%a +"$ s" !&8'"na '%4.&na 2$#4a sa'% .%2. 1#')a1n%- 2$<1+"na3

5#n!*&+a !&8'"n" '%4.&n". R"1"+n& *"nta$ &,'"(#%$-ana & "1&!%- '%-a6 *"nta$ '%t%$n&/ $"71"!sa3

M%4.an" s2%+n&*" – !%'&s#$" 2$".sta1+a+#sn%2%" 1!ana !%+& 2%",#+# %.-%a$a+#0" ."1%"1"" & ."sn" 2%1%&n" "1&!%- '%,-a (/"'&s7"$"). B'%4.an" !%'&s#$" s2a.a+#:

1. #rp=s 9als=m – na+"0& )$%+ 1a!ana s2a+a s&'"t$&8n" ."1%" /"'&s7"$a

2. #mmiss=ra 9ere<ri a8erir – s2a+a 1a!na 1"%- &."sn%- t"'2%$a1n%- $"4n+a

3. #mmiss=ra @r8i9is – 2%",#+" 1"& & ."sn&/&2%!a'2#s

."1%& @NS-a -1an" 7#n!*&+"

"1&!& '%,a! &nt"1"!t#a1n" 7#n!*&+", %)$a.a & &nt-$a*&+a '%t%$n&/,s"n,&t&n&/ & s"n,%$n&/ 2%.ata!a sa 2"$&7"$&+" & #n#ta$ %$-an&,'a

'"(#'%,a! %)$a.a "'%*&+a, "n.%!$&n" 7#n!*&+" , 2%na<an+"'%4.an% sta)1% s$".&<t" &ta1n&/ *"nta$a" .&san+", $a. s$*a,)#.n%st &

s2aan+"'a1& '%,a! !%%$.&na*&+a 2%!$"ta & %.$4aan+" $an%t"4"

S1&!a 9. )o*pu+ %a,,o+u



10

АНАТОМИЈА И ФИЗИОЛОГИЈА ЧОВКА ЗА ИНЖЕЊЕРЕ Handout 3p-2009

9ERI5ERNI NERVNI SISTEM (9NS)

9NS 8&n" '%4.an& & !&8'"n& 4&*& & %.-%a$a+#0&-an-1&%n&. 9"$&7"$n& n"$ +" &,-$a("n %. n"$n&/1a!ana %$-an&,%an&/ # sn%2%" (7as*&!#1#s") !%+& s#%)a&+"n& ",&n&' t!&%'3 N"$" 8&n& &<" sn%2%a6sn%2%" 8&n" $a,1&8&t& )$%+ n"$n&/ 1a!na $a,1&8&t"

.")1+&n"3 N"$n% 1a!n% 8&n& a!s%n %)'%tan Fan%&'0"1&+'a !%+" '%-#6 a1& n" '%$a+# 7%$'&$at& '&+"1&ns!#%%+n&*#3 N"$na 1a!na %!$#4#+# t$& ",&n%At!&na%'%ta8a: "2&n"#$&+#', 2"$&n"#$&+#' & "n.%n"#$&+#'3

3

?an-1&%n& s# %a1n" st$#!t#$" s&" 'as" an @NSAa!%+" -$a." t"1a n"#$%na & na1a," s" na 2#t# 2"$&7"$n&/n"$aa3 M%-# )&t& s"n,%$n" & a#t%n%'n" -an-1&+"("-"tat&n" -an-1&+"). S"n,%$n" -an-1&+" s# -an-1&+"!&8'"n&/ 4&a*a (s2&na1n" -an-1&+") & '%4.an&/ 4&a*a(*"$")$a1n" -an-1&+"). =#t%n%'n" -an-1&+" s# ."%a#t%n%'n%- n"$n%- s&st"'a & '%-# )&t& s&'2at&!#sn"

& 2a$as&'2at&!#sn"3M%4.an&/ 4&a*a &'a 12. ND&/%& na,&& & 7#n!*&+a .at&s# # ta)"1& na s1"."0%+ st$an&

S1&!a 10. )a-)o++u*a %e*e/* ante*o*

M%4.an& 4&*& (n"$&) 7#n!*&+a1. Dila ;l@aE;ria 8#1% '&$&sa2. N. ;pi9=s 8#1% &.a6. N. ;9=l;m;;ri=s 2%!$"t& %8n" +a)#8&*", !%nt$a!*&+a 2#2&1".

4. N.r;9hlearis 2%!$"t& %8n" +a)#8&*"5. N. riemi8=s s"n,&t&na &n"$a*&+a 1&*a, 1%)an+" & ,#)a & '%t%$na

&n"$a*&+a 'ast&!at%$n&/ '&<&0aA. N.a<>=9e8s 2%!$"t& %8n" +a)#8&*"7. N.@a9ialis 8#1% #!#sa, !%nt"!*&+a '&<&0a 1&*a, 1#8"n+" 21+#a8!"B. N. Fesi<=l;E;hlearis 8#1% s1#/a & $an%t"4"C. N. l;s;phari8e=s 8#1% #!#sa, s"n,%$na &n"$a*&+a -%$n+&/ .&sa+n&/ 2#t"a,

)a$%$"*"2t%$s!& s&st"' & 2"$&7$n& /"'%$"*"2t%$&10. N. Fa=s s"n,%$na &n"$a*&+a .&sa+n&/ 2#t"a, )a$%$"*"2t%$s!&

s&st"' & 2"$&7$n& /"'%$"*"2t%$&, s"n,%$na & '%t%$na &n"$a*&+a-$!1+ana, s'an+"n+" s$8an" 7$"!"n*", !%nt$a!*&+a .&-"st&n%-t$a!ta, 2%"0an+" s"!$"*&+" # .&-"st&n%' t$a!t#

11. N. a9ess;ri=s !%nt$a!*&+a '&<&0a $ata & $a'"na12. N. hGp;l;s=s 2%!$"t& +",&!a



12

Handout 3p-2009 =#t%n%'n& n"$n& s&st"' 8&n":

B ,a&sn%st& %. t%-a !%+# $st# 1a!ana sa.$4"6'%4.an& 4&*& s" ."1" na:

• s"n,&t&n" – 8#1n" (sa.$4" sa'% s"n&,t&na 1a!na):

I, II, HIII. S"n,&t&na 1a!na '%-# )&t&s%'at%s"n,&t&na & &s*"$%s"n,&t&na (s"n,&t&na

&n"$a*&+a #n#t$a<n+&/ %$-ana).

• '%t%$n" (sa.$4" sa'% '%t%$na 1a!na): III, IH,HI, I, II. M%t%$na 1a!na '%-# )&t&s%'at%'%t%$na & &s*"$%'%t%$na (&n"$&<# -1at!"'&<&0" # %$-an&'a).

• '"<%&t" (sa.$4" & s"n,%$na & '%t%$na 1a!na): H, HII, I,

• sa 2a$as&'2at&8!&' 1a!n&'a: III, HII, I,

>&8'"n& 4&*& nasta+# s2a+an+"' 2$".n+&/ & ,a.n+&/!%$"n%a !&8'"n" '%4.&n" & &'a &/ !%1&!% &s"-'"nata !&8'"n" '%4.&n"3 N"$& na2#<ta+#

!&8'"n& !ana1 & &.# .% '&<&0a &1& s"n,%$n&/$"*"2t%$a !%+" &n"$&<# .a+#0& #s2#t )%8n" -$an"3

Sa 7#n!*&%na1n%- as2"!ta n"$n& s&st"' s" ."1& na:

• s%'ats!& – *"$")$%s2&na1n& ("0& ."% @NSAa & ."% 9NSAa) – !%nt$%1&<" '%t%$n" & &nt"1"!t#a1n" 7#n!*&+")

• a#t%n%'n& ("-"tat&n&) !%-a 8&n" s&'2at&!#s &2a$as&'2at&!#s – n&+" 2%. !%nt$%1%' %1+"

#! =BT;N;MNI NERVNI SISTEM

( =NS)

• s&'2at&!#s &

• 2a$ as&'2at&!#s3

B1%-a a#t%n%'n%- n"$n%- s&st"'a +" !%nt$%1a -1at!"'#s!#1at#$" #n#t$a<n+&/ %$-ana6 s$8an%- '&<&0a & 41",.&6

#!1+#8"n +" # !%nt$%1# !$n%- 2$&t&s!a6 t"1"sn"t"'2"$at#$"6 2$%*"sa a$an+a &t.3 & n&+" 2%. #t&*a+"'%1+"3

;s&' 2a$ &,#,"ta!a6 %$-an& #n#ta$ 8%"8&+"- %$-an&,'a&n"$&san& s# %. st$an" %)a ."1a =NSAa3 V$1% 8"st%s&'2at&!#s & 2a$as&'2at&!#s &'a+# s#2$%tn" "7"!t" na%$-an" !%+" ,a+".n&8!& &n"$&<#3

B =NSA# 2%st%+" ." s&na2s":

• &,'"(# 2$"-an-1&+s!%- & 2%st-an-1&+s!%- n"#$%na

• &,'"(# 2%st-an-1&+s!%- n"#$%na & &s*"$a1n%-

"7"!t%$a3 =*"t&1/%1&n s" 1#8& na !$a+"&'a s&/ 2$".-an-1&+s!&/n"#$%na & 2%st-an-1&+s!&/ 2a$as&'2at&8!&/3 Na !$a+"&'a"0&n" 2%st-an-1&+s!&/ s&'2at&8!&/ 1a!ana %s1%)a(a s"n%$"2&n"7$&n (n%$a.$"na1&n). S&'2at&!#s &'a !ata)%1&8!&"7"!at na %$-an&,a' (2%t$%<n+a #s!1a.&<t"n" "n"$-&+"),.%! 2a$as&'2at!#s &'a %)$n#t& "7"!at3 G)%-'"(#s%)n" 2%",an%st& s&'2at&8!&/ -an-1&%na $"a!*&+"s&'2at&!#sa &'a+# "7"!t" na 8&ta %$-an&,a'6 .%!2a$as&'2at&!#s &s2%1+aa 1%!a1n& "7"!at3 E7"!t&s&'2at&!#sa & 2a$as&'2at&!#sa na 2%+".&n" %$-an" .at&s# # ta)"1&3

"7"!t& s&'2at&!#sa %$-an& "7"!t& 2a$as&'2at&!#sa#)$,aa s$8an& $a., 2%"0aa!$n& 2$&t&sa!, 2%"0aa sna-# s$8an%- '&<&0a

s$*" #s2%$aa s$8an& $a., san+#+"!$n& 2$&t&sa!,

s'an+#+" sna-#$"1a!sa*&+a )$%n/&+a, )1a-%s#4aa !$n" s#.%" # 21#0&'a

21#0a s#4aa )$%n/&+"

s'an+#+" 1#8"n+" 21+#a8!" 2%"0aas'an+#+" 2"$&sta1t&8!&

2%!$"t& *$"a2%"0aa

s'an+#+" s"!$"*&+a.&-"st&n&/ s%!%a

2%"0aa

s'an+#+" 2$%t%! !$& !$%,.&-"st&n& t$a!t

2%"0aa

-1&!%1&,a +"t$a -1&!%n"%-"n",a$"1a!s&$a #n#t$a<n+& &s2%1+a<n+& s7&n!t"$

'%!$a0na )"<&!a !%nt$a!*&+a '&<&0a !%+&.%%.& .% 2$a4n+"n+a )"<&!"



Handout 3p-2009

'%!$a0n" )"<&!"&,a,&a "+a!#1a*&+# 2%1n& %$-an& &,a,&a "$"!*&+#<&$& ,"n&*# ,"n&*a s#4aa#-1an%' !%nst$&!*&+a s&st"'s!" a$t"$&%1" n"'a #t&*a+a#)$,aa ,-$#<aan+",

2%"0aa n&% -1#!%," &

1&2&.a

!$ n"'a #t&*a+a

2%"0aa '"nta1na a!t&n%st n"'a #t&*a+a2%"0aa -1&!%1&,# & sna-#!%nt$a!*&+"

s!"1"tn& '&<&0& n"'a #t&*a+a

1&2%1&,a 'asn" 0"1&+" n"'a #t&*a+a

9a$a-an-1&+" s# na!#2&n" n"#$%"n.%!$&n&/ 0"1&+a s'"<t"n" #n#ta$ &1& # )1&,&n& =NSAa3 D".na -$#2a 2$at& s&'2at&!#s &$as2%$"("na +" .#4 2$""$t")$a1n%- & 2a$a"$t")$a1n%- 1an*a s&'2at&8!%- 1an*a -an-1&+a &1& .#4 n"$aa !%+& &n"$&<# %$-an"!a$1&*" & ,a.n+"- ."1a t$)#/a3 $#-a -$#2a 2$at& 2a$as&'2at&!#s6 2$" s"-a $atn" & -$#.n" -$an" -1%s%7a$&n-"#sa & a-#sa3Na+"0& 2a$as&'2at&8!& -an-1&%n& s# !a$%t&.n% & a%$tn% t"1%3

9%.s"tn&!"

1. >a!% ."1&'% n"#$%n" 2% 7#n!*&+&J2. >a!% ."1&'% n"#$%n" 2$"'a .#4&n& a!s%naJ

3. >%+" s# $a,1&!" &,'"(# a!s%na & ."n.$&taJ

4. >a!a +" $as2%$". n"#$%7&1a'"nata # ."n.$&t&'a a!a! # a!s%n#J >a!" t% &'a "," sa n+&/%%' 7#n!*&+%'J

5. Fta +" t% ant"$%-$a.n& a!s%na1n& t$ans2%$tJ

6. >%+a +" 2$".n%st '&+"1&n&,a*&+"J

7. Fta 8&n& '&+"1&ns!& %'%ta8 # @NS a <ta #

9NSJ8. a 1& s" a!*&%n& 2%t"n*&+a1 !$%, a!s%n

2$"n%s& !%nt&n#&$ana%J

9. >%+a +" $a,1&!a &,'"(# '&+"1&n&,%an%- & n"'&+"1&n&,%an%- n"$n%- 1a!naJ

10. >%+" s# %sn%n" %s%)&n" n"#$%naJ

11. J"'# s1#4" "2"n.&'%*&t&J12. >%+" 0"1&+" s# )&tn" ,a $"-"n"$a*&+#

2"$&7"$n%- a!s%naJ

13. >%+" st$#!t#$" 2%",#+# as%*&+at&n&/!%'&s#$a1n&/2$%+"!*&%n&2#t"&J

14. Fta 8&n& s"-'"nt !&8'"n" '%4.&n"J

15. J"'# s1#4" '%4.an" s2%+n&*"J16. >%+& '%4.an& 4&*& 2%s".#+#

2a$as&'2at&8!a n"$na 1a!naJ

17. >%+a +" #1%-a a#t%n%'n%- n"$n%- s&st"'aJ

18. >a!a +" s&'2at&!#sa na !$n& 2$&t&sa!J

1C. >%+& ."% a#t%n%'n%- n"$n%- s&st"'a +" %.-%%$an ,a s'an+"n#s"!$"*&+# 21+#a8n&/ 41",.& # st$"sn&' s&t#a*&+a'aJ

K&t"$at#$a"

1. G3 =n("1&0 & sa$3 N"$n% t!&% # H"1&+a & t!&a33 ?I9

C%na7&."s .%%6 N&<6 2002: CCA116,

2. G. =n("1&0 & =. 9"t$%&03 N"$n& S&st"' # G3 =n("1&0& sa$3 L&st%1%<!a -$a(a %$-ana3 ?I9C%na7&."s6 N&<6 2001:165A14B.

3. =3 I1&03 =nat%'&+a @"nt$a1n%- n"$n%- s&st"'a3Sa$"'"na a.'&n&st$a*&+a6 C"%-$a..1CCA.

4. M3 C%<!%&03 =nat%'&+a J%"!a3 M".&*&ns!a !n+&-a6 C"%-$a.6 1CC2.

5. T3 D%an%&03 N"$n& S&st"' # T3 D%an%&03M".&*&ns!a 5&,&%1%-&&+a3 "7"!t%1%<!& 7a!#1t"t6C"%-$a.6 2004: 176A21A.

6. =3?3 ?a+t%n3 M".&*&ns!a 5&,&%1%-&+a3 Sa$"'"na a.'&n&sOPQQ6 UWXPQY3 1CCA.

03-02 nervni sistem p3

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