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International Seminar on Infrastucture Development in Cluster

Island Eastern Part of Indonesia, Baubau, Indonesia

STUDY ANALYSIS THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF RIVER WATER PAMPANG MAKASSAR SOUTH SULAWESI

H. Arfan 1, A. Asri

2 A.and A F. Mahmuda

3

ABSTRAK: The population of the world increases every har i so need for pot bags and quantity of water increasing.

Every day people need water for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing and so forth, and approximately 80% will be

disposed of in a form that is filthy and polluted, known as waste water. Around the area of Makassar, there are several

streams and rivers that flow into semuany a Makassar Strait. O ne of the river is located in Makassar yag Pampang

River flanked by the river and watershed Jeneberang Tallo. Around the River Pampang there are several settlements,

power plant, industrial alcohol, chocolate processing industry, and hospitals. Judging from the quality of water directly

or indirectly, pollution will affect water quality. Study aims to determine the flow rate, the maximum rainfall, and water

quality in the river Pampang. Used two methods, namely the current meter measurements and measurements using a

buoy. From the measurement results obtained with the method of float greater than measurements using a current meter.

Obtained rainfall intensity increases with return period (years) I 2, I 5, I 10, I 15. H acyl review of the parameters of

physics, chemistry , and biologists concluded that the water in the river Pampang not eligible for standard quality class

I, II, III, and IV.

Keywords: water, river, Pampang, quality, discharge

INTRODUCTION

Water is a part of life on the surface of the earth,

both ground water and surface water. Water as an

essential material in the life look of the need for water

for daily use in a domestic environment turned out to be

different in every place, every level of life or any nation.

The higher a person's standard of living is increasing as

well the human need for water.

Number the world's population increases every day,

resulting in the need for quality and quantity of water

also increases, while the availability of water resources

in river world that can be used directly as clean water

that has human consumption thresholds and where every

day people need clean water for drinking, cooking,

bathing, washing and so forth, and approximately 80%

will be disposed of in a form that is filthy and polluted,

known as waste water.

Makassar surrounding areas there are several

streams and rivers which all flow into the Makassar

Strait, one of the rivers that are in Makassar the River

Pampang the flanked by River Tallo (70 miles from long

river main) in the north and DAS Jeneberang at the

southern also borders urban areas in the west which is

area drainage formed by panampu, Jongayayang and

channel drainage sinrijala and connected to the DAS

Pampang through sinrijala. Around the River Pampang

there are some settlements, power plant, industrial

alcohol, chocolate processing industry, and hospitals.

Based on usefulness of course, it is expected that

the existing river water quality is still within the limits of

tolerance of water quality criteria, whether it was

suitable to be used or not, is different from the quantity

of water in which the level of people's needs for water

can be met from the amount of discharge or the

availability of water in a given time period.

General water quality showed that water quality or

conditions associated with a particular activity or

purpose. While the quantity of water needed regarding

the amount of people in a particular activity. Clean water

is needed in meeting the needs of people to do all the

activities. So we need to know how clean the water is

said in terms of quality and can be used in sufficient quantities in the daily activities of man.

The increase in population and demands a more

viable livelihood has encouraged people to continue to

strive to meet all your needs. But behind it there will be

negative impacts on the environment, especially rivers.

Industrial waste and household waste transported river

waters continues to increase from year to year.

Judging d ari s egi ualitas k (m utu) a ir s ecara

direct or indirect pollution will affect water quality. In

accordance with the considerations determining the

quality of drinking water, the business management of

1 H. Arfan, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA 2 A. Asri, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA 3 A. F. Mahmuda, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA

Study Analysis The Quality And Quantity Of River Water Pampang Makassar South Sulawesi

the water used by humans for drinking water quality

standards based on the assessment of the product,

especially in drinking water it produces, as well as in

planning.

Based on description of the location with the

location of the river Pampang a lawyer Liran of waste

products from surrounding locations and the length of

the watershed (DAS) which crosses the township in the

city of Makassar, sehin g ga can be bad from the use of

river water Pampang

LITERATURE REVIEW

River

The river is a natural waterway that flows next to

the river, the lake, the sea or the ocean. The river

contains water flow according to the properties of water,

ie from a high to a low.

Before reaching bodies of water, the first water

seep into the ground. Rain drops began to fall to the

ground, then flows through the river and brought up to

the mouth of the river. The river starts from the spring

that flows into several tributaries. Then n child - it's

tributaries join to form the main river. The end of the

journey is the river mouth of the river. So on so the river

became part of the hydrologic cycle

Based on water flow (water volume), the river is divided into four kinds of permanent rivers, streams

periodic, episodic rivers and ephemeral streams.

a. Permanent river, is a river whose water flow

throughout the year is relatively fixed.

b. Periodic River, was a river during the rainy

season the water a lot, while in the dry season the

water is small.

c. Episodic River, is a river in the dry season the

water dry and in the wet season lot of water.

d. Ephemeral streams, rivers there is water only

during the rainy season. At the bottom of the river

type is similar to the kind of episodic, only during

the rainy season the river this type of water is not

necessarily much

Water discharge

In advanced hydrology, river discharge is high

water level measured by the gauge surface waters. The

measurements were made every day, or in another sense

discharge or flow is the flow rate of water (in the form of

volume of water) that passes a stream cross section per

unit time. In the SI unit system discharge magnitude is

expressed in units of cubic meters per second (m3/sec).

METHODOLOGY

What river Pampan g, flanked by River Tallo (70

miles from long river main) in the north and DAS

Jeneberang at the southern also borders urban areas in

the west which is area drainage formed by panampu

channel, the channel Jongayayang and channel drainage

sinrijala which connected to the DAS Pampang through

sinrijala channel.

Data speed and depth of the river obtained from

current meter and measurement in order to obtain the

profile directly into the river and flow velocity of each

point.

Sampling of river water is in intended to collect several volumes of water or a body of water that will be

investigated in the laboratory, with the smallest possible

amount but have properties - properties similar to water

bodies. Sampling is done the 3 point, the distance of

each - each point 100 m. Sampling Point 1 was

conducted around 13:45 pm, point to 2 around 14:30,

and point to 3 around at 15.15.

Sampling using a Van Dorn water sample. First

water sample to be used must be clean, have been rinsed

with distilled water first, then with water samples to be

taken. After that cover water sample tool that opens

before the water flooded into the water sample tool with

a depth of 1 m, and the weight dropped right on the

device through the cord so that the cover closed. Then

the water is put into the bottle until it is full and closed

well to avoid contact with air.

Preservation samples intended to avoid

disturbances that can change the nature of the original

state of the sample. This research used a special glass

bottles with different treatment - depending on the

parameters in the review. For COD and BOD testing

samples using glass bottles should be filled and sealed

with a bottle cap glass. There should be no bubbles,

water bubbles in case the water sampling was repeated.

As for the testing of chemical and physical

parameters before entering the water samples, the mouth

of the bottle in the fire first - apikan, then fill up the

bottle full sample, then samples removed 3/4 sections,

the bottle in the fire-apikan back, then covered with

aluminum foil to avoid contact with air. After sampling,

the bottle is stored in a special box so that the quality of

water taken unchanged from its original nature.

The analysis must be performed on a sample

depends on the type of water body being examined, the usefulness of these water bodies to local communities for

drinking water supply and fishing and the type of

pollution that allegedly can occur. Several other elements are not lost from the water solution during the

course of the river, such as Cl -,

SO4 and various types of

metals. Standard solution is made with care and should not be contaminated, such as old, not stored properly or

part of the solution has been taken.

H. Arfan, et al.

17

To check the results of a number of analysis there

are some clues such as balance, relationships and

comparisons between parameters - certain parameters,

namely:

1. Physical Testing:

a. Suspended Solids (TSS)

b. Dissolved Solids (TDS)

c. Temperature Or Temperature

2. Chemical Testing

a. pH

b. BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)

c. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)

d. DO (Dissolved Oxygen)

e. Nitrate (NO3N) and Nitrite (NO2N)

d. Ammonia (NH3)

e. Barium (Ba)

f. Copper (Cu)

g. Iron (Fe)

h. Manganese (Mn)

i. Zinc (Zn)

j. Chloride (Cl)

k. Fluoride (F)

l. Sulfate (SO4)

m. Chlorine free (Chlorine)

3. Microbiology

a. Coliform MPN

b. Fecal Coliform

0.115

0.193

0.139

0.142

0.110

0.186

0.150

0.119

0.102

0.198

0.134

0.146

0.118 Source: Results of measurements in the River Pampang

Method of Measurement by Current Meter Tool

This method is done by measuring devices placed

at a point that serves to calculate the speed of the river

flow, flow velocity measurement by this method can

produce an adequate estimate of the flow rate.

Method of Measurement d ith buoy

Discharge measurements made with the float of an

object ie ping pong ball, with a predetermined distance,

and counting time when the ping pong balls reached the

predetermined distance.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Flow Speed Measurement by Current Meter

Fig 1. Flow velocity channel 1, point 1

Table 2. Flow velocity channel 2

Horizontal cross direction

I II III IV V

Advance High Water (h)

1.7 2.5 2.1 1.8 1

The flow velocity (V)

0.192

0.126

V

average

-

average

(m / sec

0.141

Table 1. Flow velocity channel 1

0.114

0.187

Horizontal cross direction 0.11

3

0.131

I II III IV

Advance High Water (h)

V average

0.092

0.184

1.4 1.5 1.25 1.6

The flow velocity (V)

- average (m / sec

0.123

0.105

0.191 0.124

0.135

0.139

0.194 0.141

0.129

0.108

H. Arfan, et al.

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1 20th 71 1:40 0.2 81 0. 238

2 20th 84th 1:50 0. 238 0. 202

1 20th 6 3 1.70 0. 317 0. 269

2 20th 7 0 2:50 0. 285 0. 242

0.197

0.168

0.179

0.168 Source: Results of measurements in the River Pampang

Fig 2. Flow velocity channel 2, point 1

After obtaining the average value V of each point

then sought an average value of V on channels 1 and 2

with the integral method, first sought the equation V

using regression, regression equation obtained from the

chart below.

Fig 4. Average Flow Velocity Channel 2

With the integral method obtained velocity (V)

average on channel 1 is 0.120 m / sec, and channel 2 is

0.131 m / sec.

Flow Speed Measurement with buoy.

Table 3. The results of flow channel 2

Advance

Surface

The flow

Data Track

length

(L)

Travel Time (t)

High Water

(h)

flow velocity

(Vp)

velocity

(V)

(M) (Second) (M) m / sec m / sec

3 20th 65th 1:25 0. 307 0. 261

Average 1.4 3 0. 233

Source: Results of the research data processing

Table 4. The results of flow channel 2

Advance Surface The flow

Fig 3. Average Flow Velocity Channel 1 Data

Track

length

(L)

Travel Time (t)

High Water

(h)

flow velocity

(Vp)

velocity

(V)

(M) (Second) (M) m / sec m / sec

3 20th 7 3 1:00 0. 273 0. 232

Average 1.8 2 0. 247

Source: Results of the research data processing

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International Seminar on Infrastucture Development in Cluster

Island Eastern Part of Indonesia, Baubau, Indonesia

From the graph above speed flow seen on channel 1

and channel 2, with the water level (h) are different

where the first line of 1.43 m and 1.82 m 2 for the

channel, showed the flow velocity (v) Different namely

0, 23 3 m / s and 0, 247 m / sec. Flow velocity is smaller

than channel 1 channel 2 flow. The difference in speed is

also affected by the value of A (cross-sectional area) are

different, where the channel 1 is 35.463 m / s while on

channel 2 is 64.790 m / s.

Fig. 5. Comparison Chart Debits With 2 Methods

From the picture above shows the greater cross-

sectional area (A), the greater the value of discharge (Q).

Where extensive on channel 1 of 35.463 m², while

channel 2 of 64.790 m².

Fig. 6. Debit Relationship Graph (Q) and High Water

Front (h)

From the graph above shows the water level (h) of

the river, the higher the number of Q which in getting.

Where height (h) of 1.43 m channel 1 and channel 2 at

1.82 m.

Fig. 7. Debit Relationship Graph (Q) and Speed Flow

(V)

From the graph above shows the higher flow

velocity (V), the higher the number of Q which in

getting. Where the flow velocity (V) the average

obtained by the method of current meter on channel 1 at

0.120 m / s and the channel 2 at 0.131 m / s. While the

method of float on channel 1 at 0.233 m / s and the

channel 2 at 0.247 m / s.

Rainfall Intensity

Based from monthly rainfall data over the last 10

years Climatology Meteorology and Geophysics, the

maximum rainfall obtained using Hasper, Iwai, and Log

Person III. So the intensity of rainfall can be determined

using Mononobe.

Rainfall intensity (I) for a maximum period of 2

years, with a time of 5 minutes is 1 344.634 mm / hour.

From the intensity of rainfall and river broad area of

45.40 km ², it can be obtained discharge storm water into

the river at 61046.38 Pampang km3

/ hr.

H. Arfan, et al.

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Fig 8. Rainfall Intensity Graph Against Time

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International Seminar on Infrastucture Development in Cluster

Island Eastern Part of Indonesia, Baubau, Indonesia

1 Temperatur* ˚C -1 -1 -1 deviasi 3 SNI 06-6989.23-2005

3

Residu Tersuspensi (TSS)

mg/L

116

52

68

400

Kolometrik

1 pH mg/L 7,35 7,19 7,31 6 - 8,5 SNI 06-6989.11-2004

4 DO mg/L 0 0 0 3(+) SNI 06-6989.14-2004

5 Nitrat (NO3-N) mg/L 0,7 0,6 0,4 20 SNI 06-2480-1991

6 Nitrit (NO2-N) mg/L 0,009 0,002 0,008 0,06 SNI 06-6989.9-2004

9 Tembaga (Cu) mg/L < 0,0144 < 0,0144 < 0,0144 0,02 IKM/5.4.8/BTKL-MKS

Result of Sample Quality

Table 5. Examination broad River Water Agency Water

Hasil Pengujian Batas No Parameter Satuan Titik

1 Titik 2

Titik 3

Maksimu m

Spesifikasi Metode

A. Fisika

2

Residu Terlarut (TDS)

mg/L

5130

4930

3930

1.000

Kolometrik

B.

Kimia

2 BOD mg/L 72,52 16,66 28,22 6 SNI 06-2503.1991

3 COD mg/L 102,4 61,44 64 50 SNI 06-2504.1991

7 NH3-N mg/L 9 7 10 (-) Fotometrik

8 Barium (Ba) mg/L 0,0934 0,0995 0,0895 (-) IKM/5.4.19/BTKL-MKS

10 Mangan (Mn) mg/L 0,2068 0,3569 0,07 (-) IKM/5.4.6/BTKL-MKS

11 Besi (Fe) mg/L 0,1825 0,2008 0,2316 (-) IKM/5.4.5/BTKL-MKS

Klorin Bebas

12 (C12) mg/L 0,49 0,56 0,43 0,03 Colorimetrik

13 Klorida (Cl) mg/L 3384,91 3291,75 2473,98 (-) SNI 06-6989.19-2004

14 Flourida (F) mg/L < 0,032 < 0,032 < 0,032 1,5 Colorimetrik

15 Sulfat mg/L 538,74 334,4 223,6 (-) IKM/5.4.54/BTKL-MKS

16 Seng (Zn) mg/L 0,0494 0,0501 0,123 0,05 IKM/5.4.9/BTKL-MKS

C. Biologi

> 16.000.0

> 16.000.0

> 16.000.0

1 Total Coliform Jml/100 ml 00 00 00 10.000 IKM/5.4.9/BTKL-MKS

> Jml/100 16.000.0

2 Fecal Coliform ml 250.000 00 470.000 2.000 IKM/5.4.10/BTKL-MKS

(Source: The results of Environmental Health Engineering Laboratory Center Makassar)

H. Arfan, et al.

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Description:

(-): Not set in South Sulawesi Governor Regulation No.

69 Year 2010 (Class III)

(+): Minimum limit allowed

*: PH and temperature examined in the lab

: Not fill

: Fill

From the results of the broad river water bodies

then obtained some parameters that meet or do not meet

the water class for class 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Taken one parameter, namely Chloride (Cl) to

compare the relationship between the flow rate (Q) of

the broad river water quality, then generate the chart

below:

Fig. 9 Graph Relations Debit (Q) and Water Quality Chloride (Cl)

From the graph above shows the higher flow rate

(Q), the lower the value of Chloride (Cl) contained in the

water. The content of chloride on channel 1 for 3384,

and on channel 2 for 2473. The high value of chloride in

a water body can affect the taste of salt in the water. It is

influenced by sea water into the river.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION

Based on the analysis can be summarized as

follows:

1. A greater cross-sectional area (A), the greater the

flow rate (Q) of a cross.

2. Obtained values of flow (Q) of the two methods of

measuring the current meter that measures the flow

below the surface, and the method of buoys that

measure surface flow (Vp) to obtain the value of the

flow velocity (V). From the results of both methods

can be compared to the measurements obtained by

the method of float greater results than using current

meter measurements.

3. Determining the value of maximum precipitation

method Hasper, Iwai, and Log Person III, the known

value of the intensity of rainfall using Mononobe.

RESULTS rainfall intensity increased with the return

period (years) I2, I5, I10, I15.

4. Of the three samples in terms of three parameters

such as: Physical parameters: Suspended Solids

(TSS), Dissolved Solids (TDS), temperature Or Temp.

Chemistry: pH, BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen

Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), DO

(Dissolved Oxygen), Nitrate (NO3N) and Nitrite

(NO2N), Ammonia (NH3), Barium (Ba), Copper

(Cu), Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), chloride

(Cl), fluoride (F), sulphate (SO4), Free Chlorine

(Chlorine). Biological: Coliform and Fecal Coliform

MPN that the water that is in the Pampang not

eligible for standard quality class I, II, III, and IV. It

can be seen from the results of the samples, which are

parameters that do not meet the standards of

provision in South Sulawesi Governor Regulation No.

69 of 2010.

ADVICE

By looking at the results of research and data

analysis in this study, it points to note are:

1. Need Her dissemination of public awareness to care

and be responsible for the environment, for example

by:

Do not pee in the river

Feces is the best medium for the development of germs from mild to severe.

Do not throw garbage in the river

Carelessly discarded trash in the river will

cause the river water flow is inhibited.

Moreover, it can trigger a flood of the rainy season

2. Domestic wastewater (domestic) should be treated

before disposal to channel disposal moving towards

the river / water bodies for the purpose of lowering

nitrogen and inorganic substances suspended.

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CTI Engineering Co, LTD. 1993. Detailed Design Of

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International Seminar on Infrastucture Development in Cluster

Island Eastern Part of Indonesia, Baubau, Indonesia

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