04 completing the accounting cycle

C4 - 1

Learning Objectives

Power Notes Completing the Accounting Cycle

1. Work Sheet2. Financial Statements3. Adjusting and Closing Entries4. Fiscal Year5. Accounting Cycle6. Financial Analysis and Interpretation

Chapter 4

C4

C4 - 2

• The Work Sheet• Financial Statements• The Closing Process• Post-Closing Trial Balance• Accounting Cycles• Working Capital and

Current Ratio

Slide # Power Note Topics

31822283143

Note: To select a topic, type the slide # and press Enter.

Power NotesChapter 4 Completing the Accounting Cycle

C4 - 3

The Work Sheet

Trial Balance

Accounts Dr Cr Dr Cr Dr CrAdjustments Adjusted TB

Prepared from general ledger. Accounts are listed in order: A, L, OE, R, E

C4 - 4

The Work Sheet

Adjustments are entered here. Two possibilities:1. Deferrals – Existing balances are changed.2. Accruals – New information is entered.

Trial Balance


C4 - 5

The Work Sheet

Adjustments are combined with the trial balance.Account balances are now adjusted.

Trial Balance


C4 - 6

Trial Balance Adjustments Adj. Trial BalanceNetSolutions - Work Sheet - Two Months Ended 12/31/02

Account Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit11 Cash 2,065 2,06512Accounts Receivable 2,220 (e) 500 2,72014 Supplies 2,000 (a) 1,240 76015Prepaid Insurance 2,400 (b) 100 2,30017 Land 20,000 20,00018 Office Equipment 1,800 1,80019Accumulated Depr. 0 (f) 50 5021 Accounts Payable 900 90022 Wages Payable 0 (d) 250 25023 Unearned Rent 360 (c) 120 24031Chris Clark, Capital 25,000 25,00032Chris Clark, Drawing 4,000 4,00041 Fees Earned 16,340 (e) 500 16,84042 Rent Revenue 0 (c) 120 12051 Wages Expense 4,275 (d) 250 4,52552 Rent Expense 1,600 1,60053Depreciation Expense 0 (f) 50 5054 Utilities Expense 985 98555 Supplies Expense 800 (a) 1,240 2,04056Insurance Expense 0 (b) 100 10059 Misc. Expense 455 455

42,600 42,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400

C4 - 7



42,600 42,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400

C4 - 8



42,600 32,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400

C4 - 9



42,600 42,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400

C4 - 10



42,600 42,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400

C4 - 11



42,600 42,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400

C4 - 12



42,600 42,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400

C4 - 13

11 Cash 2,065 2,06512Accounts Receivable 2,220 (e) 500 2,72014 Supplies 2,000 (a) 1,240 76015Prepaid Insurance 2,400 (b) 100 2,30017 Land 20,000 20,00018 Office Equipment 1,800 1,80019Accumulated Depr. 0 (f) 50 5021 Accounts Payable 900 90022 Wages Payable 0 (d) 250 25023 Unearned Rent 360 (c) 120 24031Chris Clark, Capital 25,000 25,00032Chris Clark, Drawing 4,000 4,00041 Fees Earned 16,340 (e) 500 16,84042 Rent Revenue 0 (c) 120 12051 Wages Expense 4,275 (d) 250 4,52552 Rent Expense 1,600 1,60053Depreciation Expense 0 (f) 50 5054 Utilities Expense 985 98555 Supplies Expense 800 (a) 1,240 2,04056Insurance Expense 0 (b) 100 10059 Misc. Expense 455 455

42,600 42,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400


Account Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit

C4 - 14

11 Cash 2,065 2,06512Accounts Receivable 2,220 (e) 500 2,72014 Supplies 2,000 (a) 1,240 76015Prepaid Insurance 2,400 (b) 100 2,30017 Land 20,000 20,00018 Office Equipment 1,800 1,80019Accumulated Depr. 0 (f) 50 5021 Accounts Payable 900 90022 Wages Payable 0 (d) 250 25023 Unearned Rent 360 (c) 120 24031Chris Clark, Capital 25,000 25,00032Chris Clark, Drawing 4,000 4,00041 Fees Earned 16,340 (e) 500 16,84042 Rent Revenue 0 (c) 120 12051 Wages Expense 4,275 (d) 250 4,52552 Rent Expense 1,600 1,60053Depreciation Expense 0 (f) 50 5054 Utilities Expense 985 98555 Supplies Expense 800 (a) 1,240 2,04056Insurance Expense 0 (b) 100 10059 Misc. Expense 455 455

42,600 42,600 2,260 2,260 43,400 43,400


Account Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit

C4 - 15

Adj. Trial Balance Income Statement Balance SheetNetSolutions - Work Sheet - Two Months Ended 12/31/02

Account Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit11 Cash 2,065 2,06512Accounts Receivable 2,720 2,72014 Supplies 760 76015Prepaid Insurance 2,300 2,30017 Land 20,000 20,00018 Office Equipment 1,800 1,80019Accumulated Depr. 50 5021 Accounts Payable 900 90022 Wages Payable 250 25023 Unearned Rent 240 24031Chris Clark, Capital 25,000 25,00032Chris Clark, Drawing 4,000 4,00041 Fees Earned 16,840 16,84042 Rent Revenue 120 12051 Wages Expense 4,525 4,52552 Rent Expense 1,600 1,60053Depreciation Expense 50 5054 Utilities Expense 985 98555 Supplies Expense 2,040 2,04056Insurance Expense 100 10059 Misc. Expense 455 455

43,400 43,400 9,755 16,960 43,645 16,440Net Income 7,205 7,205

16,960 16,960 43,645 43,645

C4 - 16


Account Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit11 Cash 2,065 2,06512Accounts Receivable 2,720 2,72014 Supplies 760 76015Prepaid Insurance 2,300 2,30017 Land 20,000 20,00018 Office Equipment 1,800 1,80019Accumulated Depr. 50 5021 Accounts Payable 900 90022 Wages Payable 250 25023 Unearned Rent 240 24031Chris Clark, Capital 25,000 25,00032Chris Clark, Drawing 4,000 4,00041 Fees Earned 16,840 16,84042 Rent Revenue 120 12051 Wages Expense 4,525 4,52552 Rent Expense 1,600 1,60053Depreciation Expense 50 5054 Utilities Expense 985 98555 Supplies Expense 2,040 2,04056Insurance Expense 100 10059 Misc. Expense 455 455

43,400 43,400 9,755 16,960 43,645 16,440Net Income 7,205 7,205

16,960 16,960 43,645 43,645

C4 - 17


Account Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit11 Cash 2,065 2,06512Accounts Receivable 2,720 2,72014 Supplies 760 76015Prepaid Insurance 2,300 2,30017 Land 20,000 20,00018 Office Equipment 1,800 1,80019Accumulated Depr. 50 5021 Accounts Payable 900 90022 Wages Payable 250 25023 Unearned Rent 240 24031Chris Clark, Capital 25,000 25,00032Chris Clark, Drawing 4,000 4,00041 Fees Earned 16,840 16,84042 Rent Income 120 12051 Wages Expense 4,525 4,52552 Rent Expense 1,600 1,60053Depreciation Expense 50 5054 Utilities Expense 985 98555 Supplies Expense 2,040 2,04056Insurance Expense 100 10059 Misc. Expense 455 455

43,400 43,400 9,755 16,960 43,645 16,440Net Income 7,205 7,205

16,960 16,960 43,645 43,645

C4 - 18

NetSolutions Income Statement

For Two Months Ended December 31, 2002

Fees earned $16,840Rent revenue 120

Total revenues $16,960Expenses:

Wages expense $ 4,525Supplies expense 2,040Rent expense 1,600Utilities expense 985Insurance expense 100Depreciation expense 50Miscellaneous expense 455

Total expenses 9,755Net income $ 7,205

C4 - 19

NetSolutions Statement of Owner’s Equity

For Two Months Ended December 31, 2002

Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November and December 7,205

$32,205Less withdrawals 4,000Increase in owner’s equity 28,205Chris Clark, capital, December 31, 2002 $28,205

C4 - 20

NetSolutions Balance Sheet

December 31, 2002

ASSETSCurrent assets:

Cash $ 2,065 Accounts receivable 2,720 Supplies 760 Prepaid insurance 2,300

Total current assets $ 7,845Property, plant, andequipment:

Land $20,000 Office equipment 1,800 Less accum. depr. (50)

Total property, plant,and equipment$21,750

Total assets $29,595

C4 - 21

NetSolutions Balance Sheet

December 31, 2002

LIABILITIESCurrent liabilities:

Accounts payable $ 900Wages payable 250Unearned rent 240

Total liabilities $ 1,390

OWNER’S EQUITYChris Clark, capital 28,205Total liabilities and owner’s equity $29,595

C4 - 22

Wages ExpenseBal.

4,525Rent Expense

Bal.1,600

Depreciation ExpenseBal.

50Utilities Expense

Bal.985Supplies Expense

Bal.2,040Insurance Expense

Bal.100

Miscellaneous ExpenseBal.

455

Fees Earned

Bal.16,840

Rent Revenue

Bal.120

Chris Clark, Capital

Bal.25,000

Chris Clark, Drawing

Bal.4,000

Income Summary

Note: The balances shown are adjusted balances before closing. The following sequence demonstrates the closing process.

The Closing Process

C4 - 23

Wages ExpenseBal.

4,525Rent Expense

Bal.1,600


50Utilities Expense



Bal.100


455

Fees Earned

Bal.16,840

Rent Revenue

Bal.120

16,840

120

Income Summary

16,960

Chris Clark, Capital Close Revenues

Bal.25,000


Bal.4,000

TotalRevenues

The Closing Process

C4 - 24

Wages ExpenseBal.

4,525Rent Expense

Bal.1,600


50Utilities Expense



Bal.100


455

4,525

1,600

50

985

2,040

100

455

Fees Earned

Bal.16,840

Rent Revenue

Bal.120

16,840

120

Income Summary

16,9609,755


Bal.25,000


Bal.4,000

Close Expenses

TotalExpenses

TotalRevenues

The Closing Process

C4 - 25

Wages ExpenseBal.

4,525Rent Expense

Bal.1,600


50Utilities Expense



Bal.100


455

4,525

1,600

50

985

2,040

100

455

Fees Earned

Bal.16,840

Rent Income

Bal.120

16,840

120

Income Summary

16,9609,755


Bal.25,000


Bal.4,000

Close Expenses

The Closing Process

7,205

7,205

Close Income SummaryNet Income

Closed

C4 - 26

Wages ExpenseBal.

4,525Rent Expense

Bal.1,600


50Utilities Expense



Bal.100


455

4,525

1,600

50

985

2,040

100

455

Fees Earned

Bal.16,840

Rent Income

Bal.120

16,840

120

Income Summary

16,9609,755


Bal.25,000

Chris Clark, DrawingBal.

4,000

Close Expenses

The Closing Process

7,205

7,205

Close Income SummaryNet Income

4,000

4,000

Close Drawing

Drawing

Closed

Closed

C4 - 27

Wages Expense

Rent Expense

Depreciation Expense

Utilities Expense

Supplies Expense

Insurance Expense

Miscellaneous Expense

Fees Earned

Rent Income

Income Summary

Chris Clark, Capital

Bal.25,000


Net Income

Drawing

Bal.28,205 All temporary accounts

now have zero balances and are ready for the next accounting period.

7,2054,000

The Closing Process

C4 - 28

NetSolutionsPost-Closing Trial Balance

December 31, 200211 Cash 2,06512 Accounts Receivable 2,72014 Supplies 76015 Prepaid Insurance 2,30017 Land 20,00018 Office Equipment 1,80019 Accum. Depreciation 5021 Accounts Payable 90022 Wages Payable 25023 Unearned Rent 24031 Chris Clark, Capital 28,205

29,645 29,645

Assets

C4 - 29



29,645 29,645

Liabilities

C4 - 30



29,645 29,645

Owner’sEquity

C4 - 31

Manual Accounting Cycle

1. Transactions are analyzed and recorded in journal.

Documents Journal

C4 - 32



Documents Journal

2. Transactions are posted from journal to ledger.

Journal Ledger

C4 - 33



Documents Journal


Journal Ledger

3. Trial balance is prepared,adjustment data is organized,work sheet is completed.

Work Sheet

C4 - 34



Documents Journal


Journal Ledger

3. Trial balance is prepared,adjustment data is organized,work sheet is completed.

Work Sheet

4. Financial statements areprepared and distributed.

Financial Statements

IS SOE BS SCF

C4 - 35

5. Adjusting entries arejournalized and postedto ledger. Journal Ledger


C4 - 36

5. Adjusting entries arejournalized and postedto ledger. Journal

6. Closing entries arejournalized and postedto ledger. Journal

Ledger

Ledger


C4 - 37

5. Adjusting entries arejournalized and postedto ledger.

7. Post-closing trial balanceis prepared.

Journal


Post-closingTrial Balance

AssetsLiabilitiesOwner’s Equity

Ledger

Ledger


C4 - 38

5. Adjusting entries arejournalized and postedto ledger.

7. Post-closing trial balanceis prepared.

Journal


Post-closingTrial Balance

8. Reports are analyzed andinterpreted for decision-making purposes.

AssetsLiabilitiesOwner’s Equity

?

Ledger

Ledger


C4 - 39

Computer Accounting Cycle

1. Transactions are analyzed and entered in the computer.

DocumentsComputer

C4 - 40



DocumentsComputer

2. Preliminary reports are analyzed, adjustments areprepared and entered in thecomputer. Computer

Reports Computer

C4 - 41



DocumentsComputer


Reports

3. Financial statements areprinted and distributed.


IS SOE BS SCF

Computer

C4 - 42



DocumentsComputer


Reports

3. Financial statements areprinted and distributed.


IS SOE BS SCF

Computer

4. Reports are analyzed andinterpreted for decision-making purposes.

?

C4 - 43

Solvency Analysis

Solvency is the ability of a business to meet its financial obligations (debts) as they are due.Solvency analysis focuses on the ability of a business to pay or otherwise satisfy its current and noncurrent liabilities.This ability is normally assessed by examining balance sheet relationships.

C4 - 44

Solvency Measures — The Short-Term Creditor

Current assets $550,000 $533,000Current liabilities 210,000 243,000

Working Capital and Current Ratio

2003 2002

C4 - 45



Use: To indicate the ability to meet currently maturing obligations

2003 2002Current assets $550,000 $533,000Current liabilities 210,000 243,000Working capital $340,000 $290,000

C4 - 46


Current assets $550,000 $533,000Current liabilities 210,000 243,000Working capital $340,000 $290,000Current ratio 2.6 to 1 2.2 to 1


Use: To indicate the ability to meet currently maturing obligations

2003 2002

Divide current

assets by current

liabilities

C4 - 47


Working Capital (WC)

Objective: Analyze and interpret the financial solvency of a business by computing the working capital and the current ratio.

Current Assets minusCurrent Liabilities

NetSolutions

Example

WC = $7,845 - $1,390 = $6,455

Current Ratio (CR)

Current LiabilitiesCurrent Assets

CR = $7,845 / $1,390 = 5.6

C4 - 48

Note: To see the topic slide, type 2 and press Enter.

This is the last slide in Chapter 4.

Power Notes Completing the Accounting Cycle

Chapter 4

04 completing the accounting cycle

Education