04 method of extinction

8/7/2019 04 Method of Extinction.

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METHODS OFMETHODS OF

EXTINCTIONEXTINCTION



Methods of Extinction

� 1. Starvation. (Removal of Fuel)

� 2. Cooling. (Removal of heat)

� 3. Smothering or blanketing and( removal or dilution of air)

� 4. Chemical interference. (Coolingthe fuel to a point where

combustion vapours are no longer

evolved)



FIRE TRIANGLEFIRE TRIANGLE

FUEL




FUEL



PORTABLE FIREPORTABLE FIREEXTINGUISHERSEXTINGUISHERS



TYPES OF EXTINGUISHERSTYPES OF EXTINGUISHERS

EXTINGUISHERS FALL INTO FIVEEXTINGUISHERS FALL INTO FIVEMAINMAIN CATEGORIESCATEGORIES

WaterWater FoamFoam

Dry Chemical PowderDry Chemical Powder

Halogenated HydrocarbonsHalogenated Hydrocarbons Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide



DCP extinguisher DCP extinguisher

Parts:Parts:

Inner ContainerInner Container

Outer Container (DCP)Outer Container (DCP)

COCO22 CartridgeCartridge

Discharge Hose with NozzleDischarge Hose with Nozzle

DCP ( Dry Chemical Powder)DCP ( Dry Chemical Powder)

�� Sodium bicarbonateSodium bicarbonate

�� Potassium BicarbonatePotassium Bicarbonate

�� Mono ammonium PhosphateMono ammonium Phosphate



FoamFoam

Types:Types: Protein FoamProtein Foam

Flora Protein FoamFlora Protein Foam

SyntheticSynthetic

AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)

ApplicationApplication

Acting as vapour seal over the fuel ( block the air)Acting as vapour seal over the fuel ( block the air)

Cooling the area with water content of foamCooling the area with water content of foam

PropertiesProperties

Expansion, Spreading, Sealing & Film Forming.Expansion, Spreading, Sealing & Film Forming.



Flammable liquid spill fire using dryFlammable liquid spill fire using dry

chemicalchemical Approach the fire fromApproach the fire from

the upwind side holdingthe upwind side holding

the nozzle at 45 degreesthe nozzle at 45 degrees

angle.angle.

Slide 1




chemicalchemical Direct the stream of dryDirect the stream of dry

chemical 6 inches aheadchemical 6 inches ahead

of the flame edge.of the flame edge.

Slide 2




chemicalchemical

Direct the dry chemicalDirect the dry chemical

stream using a rapidstream using a rapid

side to side sweepingside to side sweeping

motion. Each sweep of motion. Each sweep of the dry chemical streamthe dry chemical stream

must be slightly wider must be slightly wider

than the near edge of thethan the near edge of the

fire. Advance slowlyfire. Advance slowlyworking the fire to theworking the fire to the

back edge of the spill. back edge of the spill. Slide 1Slide 1Slide 3




chemicalchemical

Extinguish the small fireExtinguish the small fire

at the back edge of theat the back edge of the

spill by aiming directlyspill by aiming directly

at the flame .Do notat the flame .Do notraise the nozzle to chaseraise the nozzle to chase

the fire ball.the fire ball.

Slide 4



Flammable liquid spill fire withFlammable liquid spill fire with

obstacle using dry chemicalobstacle using dry chemical

Approach the fire fromApproach the fire from

the up wind sidethe up wind side

holding nozzle at a 45holding nozzle at a 45

degrees angle.degrees angle.

Slide 1Slide 1





Direct both streams of Direct both streams of

dry chemical 6 inchesdry chemical 6 inches

ahead of the flame edgeahead of the flame edge

Slide 2





Advance slowly aroundAdvance slowly around

each side of the obstacleeach side of the obstacle

.Each operator should.Each operator should

cover two thirds of thecover two thirds of thefire area using a side tofire area using a side to

side sweeping motionside sweeping motion

Slide 3





Extinguish the fireExtinguish the fire

remaining behind theremaining behind the

obstacle by aiming bothobstacle by aiming both

the streams directly atthe streams directly atthe flamethe flame

Slide 4



Flammable liquid fire in depthFlammable liquid fire in depth usingusing

dry chemicaldry chemical


the upwind direction,the upwind direction,

holding the nozzle at 45holding the nozzle at 45

deg angle.deg angle.

Slide 1






stream at the up windstream at the up wind

corner of the fire, 6corner of the fire, 6

inches ahead of the lipinches ahead of the lipof the pan. Make a slowof the pan. Make a slow

pass across the front pass across the front

edge of the pan, makingedge of the pan, making

sure to over lap eachsure to over lap eachside by 6 inches.side by 6 inches.

Slide 2






stream using rapid sidestream using rapid side

to side sweepingto side sweeping

motion. Each sweep of motion. Each sweep of the dry chemical streamthe dry chemical stream

must be slightlymust be slightly

Slide 3





Raise the dry chemicalRaise the dry chemical

stream slightly butstream slightly but

continue to hold thecontinue to hold the

nozzle at 45 degressnozzle at 45 degressangle. This isangle. This is

accomplished by raisingaccomplished by raising

the extinguisher. Work the extinguisher. Work

the flames to onethe flames to one

Slide 4



Gravity fed fire using dry chemicalGravity fed fire using dry chemical


the upwind side holdingthe upwind side holding

the nozzle at a 45the nozzle at a 45

degrees angle.degrees angle.

Slide 1




Extinguish flammableExtinguish flammable

liquid spill fire firstliquid spill fire first

using a side to sideusing a side to side

sweeping motion.sweeping motion.

Slide 2




Raise dry chemicalRaise dry chemical

stream to the bottom of stream to the bottom of

the plate andthe plate and

momentarily hold there.momentarily hold there.

Slide 3




Continue to raise dryContinue to raise dry

chemical streamchemical stream

extinguishing the fuelextinguishing the fuel

source last.source last.

Slide 4



THREEDIMENSIONAL GRAVITY FED FIRETHREEDIMENSIONAL GRAVITY FED FIRE

USING DRY CHEMICALUSING DRY CHEMICAL

Approach the fire in upApproach the fire in up

wind direction, holdingwind direction, holding

the nozzle at a 45the nozzle at a 45

degree angle.degree angle.

Slide 1





Make a very slow passMake a very slow pass

across the front edge of across the front edge of

the flammable liquidthe flammable liquid

spill. Be sure that thespill. Be sure that thespill is completelyspill is completely

extinguished beforeextinguished before

moving on .Do notmoving on .Do not

Slide 2





Raise the dry chemicalRaise the dry chemical

stream to front lip of thestream to front lip of the

dip tank. Extinguish thedip tank. Extinguish the

dip tank fire.dip tank fire.

Slide 3






stream up the traystream up the tray

pushing the fire to pushing the fire to

wards the fuel source.wards the fuel source.Extinguish fuel sourceExtinguish fuel source

last.last.

Slide 4



FLAMMABLE LIQUID PRESSURE FIRE USINGFLAMMABLE LIQUID PRESSURE FIRE USING

DRY CHEMICALDRY CHEMICAL


the up wind directionthe up wind direction

Slide 1






at the fuel sourceat the fuel source

Slide 2





Move the dry chemicalMove the dry chemical

down the stream of down the stream of

escaping fuelescaping fuel

Slide 3





Extinguish remainingExtinguish remaining

spill fire using a rapidspill fire using a rapid

side to side sweepingside to side sweeping

motion.motion. Note: In some cases it Note: In some cases it

may not be desirable tomay not be desirable to

extinguish the fireextinguish the fire

unless the fuel supplyunless the fuel supplycan be shut off can be shut off

Slide 4



Flammable Gas pressure fire using Dry ChemicalFlammable Gas pressure fire using Dry Chemical


the upwind side.the upwind side.

Slide 1





stream at the fuelstream at the fuel

source.source.

Slide 2





up the stream of up the stream of

escaping gas.escaping gas.

Slide 3




Continue moving theContinue moving the

dry chemical streamdry chemical stream

upward until the fireupward until the fire

ball is extinguished. ball is extinguished. Note: In some cases it Note: In some cases it

may not be desirable tomay not be desirable to

extinguish this fireextinguish this fire

unless the fuel supplyunless the fuel supplycan be shut off.can be shut off.

Slide 4



LPG FIRE USING WATER & DRY CHEMICALLPG FIRE USING WATER & DRY CHEMICAL

Approach the tank onApproach the tank on

fire from a broad sidefire from a broad side

position using the wind position using the wind

to advantage. Adjust theto advantage. Adjust thewater nozzle to fogwater nozzle to fog

position. position.

Slide 1




Open the water nozzleOpen the water nozzle

first and direct thefirst and direct the

stream on the LPG tank stream on the LPG tank

.The dry chemical.The dry chemicaloperator should be openoperator should be open

and direct the stream atand direct the stream at

the fuel source.the fuel source.

Slide 2





down from the stream of down from the stream of

escaping fuel to the groundescaping fuel to the ground

spill and with a side to sidespill and with a side to side

sweeping motion extinguishsweeping motion extinguish

the spill fire. If tank the spill fire. If tank

supports acts as an obstacle,supports acts as an obstacle,

a two point application of a two point application of

dry chemical may bedry chemical may berequired.required.

Slide 3




Continue cooling withContinue cooling withwater .Close supplywater .Close supplyvalve to stop fuel flowvalve to stop fuel flow.Dry chemical operator .Dry chemical operator should stand by in caseshould stand by in caseof reflash.of reflash.

Note:Note: The simultaneousThe simultaneoususe of water and dryuse of water and drychemical combine tochemical combine tomake a highly effectivemake a highly effectivefire fighting toolfire fighting tool

Slide 4



POINTS TO REMEMBER IN CASEPOINTS TO REMEMBER IN CASE

OF FIREOF FIRE

1.1. Raise the alarm.Raise the alarm.

2.2. Choose the correct extinguisher.Choose the correct extinguisher.

3.3. Test it.Test it.4.4. Approach with the wind behind you. Approach with the wind behind you.

5.5. Walk. Don¶t run.Walk. Don¶t run.

6.6. After use After use ± ± recharge & return to the firerecharge & return to the firepoint.point.



HeatHeat

TransmissionTransmission



ConductionConductionConduction is the transfer of heat through aConduction is the transfer of heat through a

material medium from regions of highmaterial medium from regions of hightemperature to regions of lower temperaturetemperature to regions of lower temperature

without any transfer of the bulk of the materialwithout any transfer of the bulk of the material

from the hotter to the colder parts.from the hotter to the colder parts.



ConvectionConvection

Convection is the transfer of heat in fluids byConvection is the transfer of heat in fluids bymovement of the hotter parts of the fluid frommovement of the hotter parts of the fluid from

the source of heat.the source of heat.



RadiationRadiation

Radiation is when heat in the formRadiation is when heat in the form

electromagnetic waves is transferred fromelectromagnetic waves is transferred from

source to receiver without heating thesource to receiver without heating the

intervening medium or without the existenceintervening medium or without the existence

of a material medium.of a material medium.



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04 method of extinction

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