04 schuppener ground investigation&testing en1997 2

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Background & Applications

GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN wi th worked examples 13-14 June 2013, Dublin

and testing: EN 1997-2

Dr Bernd Schuppener

German Federal Waterways Engineeringand Research Institute, Karlsruhe

Former Chairman of CEN TC250/SC 7


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w wor e examp es - une, u n

2013 Bernd Schuppener. All rights reserved.2


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1.1.2 Scope of Eurocode 7-2

(1) EN 1997-2 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN

1997-1 and provides rules supplementary to EN 1997-1related to:

planning and reporting of ground investigations;

laboratory and field tests; inter retation and evaluation of test results;

derivation of values of geotechnical parameters and

coefficients.Note:

Establishment of characteristic values is covered in EN


- .


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Hierarch of standards

EC 7 Geotechnical design - part 2Ground investigation and testing

EN ISO 14688 EN ISO 22475-1EN ISO 22476

Identification

and

groundwater

measurements

Part 1 to 13

classification of

soil and rockEN ISO 22475-2

Sampling Quali-CEN ISO/TS 17892

Laboratory tests


ca on cr er aar -


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.

. . u -

. . .

value of a geotechnical parameter obtained from

es resu s y eory, corre a on or emp r c sm

(see 1.6)



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.

results and

values



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Content of Eurocode 7-2

1. General2. Planning of ground investigations

3. Soil and rock sampling and

groundwater measurements4. Field tests in soil and rock

5. Laboratory tests on soil and rock

6. Ground investi ation re ort



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2 Planning of ground investigations

2.1 Objectives

2.1.1 General

2.1.2 Ground

2.1.3 Construction materials

2.1.4 Groundwater2.2 Sequence of ground investigations

2.3 Preliminary investigations

2.4 Design investigations2.4.1 Field investigations

2.4.2 Laboratory tests


. on ro ng an mon or ng


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2.1 Ob ectives

2.1.1 General

(6) Before designing the investigation programme, theavailable information and documents should be evaluated in

.

(7) Examples of information and documents that can be usedare: geological maps and descriptions; previous investigations at the site and in the surroundings; topographical maps;



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2.1 Objectives

2.1.2 Ground

ground conditions relevant to the proposed works andestablish a basis for the assessment of the geotechnicalparame ers re evan or a cons ruc on s ages.

(2) The information obtained should enable assessment of,

the suitability of the site with respect to the proposed

the deformation of the ground caused by the structure orresulting from construction works, its spatial distribution

2013 Bernd Schuppener. All rights reserved.11 and behaviour over time;


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2.1 Ob ectives

(2) The information obtained should enable assessment of

the effects of the structure and its use on the surroundings;

,

. .

of excavation, anchorage, sleeving of bored piles, removalof obstructions); the effects of construction work on the

surroundings;

the type and extent of ground contamination on, and in thev c n y o , e s e;

the effectiveness of measures taken to contain or remedy


.


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2.1 Objectives

3 The information obtained should be sufficient to assess

2.1.4 Ground waterthe following aspects, where relevant:

the scope for and nature of groundwater-lowering work; poss e arm u e ec s o e groun wa er on

excavations or on slopes an measures necessar to rotect the structure; the effects of groundwater lowering, desiccation,

impounding etc. on the surroundings;

during construction work; whether it is possible to use local groundwater, given its


chemical constitution, for construction purposes.


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2.2 Sequence of ground investigations

Desk studies

Preliminary investigations

Design investigations

Supervision of construction (EC 7-1)

Controllin and monitorin EC 7-1



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2.4 Design investigations

(2) When selecting the locations of investigation points, the

2.4.1.3 Locations and depths of the investigation points

o ow ng s ou e o serve :

the investigation points should be arranged in such a pattern

the investigation points for a building or structure should beplaced at critical points relative to the shape, structuralbehaviour and expected load distribution (e.g. at the cornersof the foundation area);

,at adequate offsets to the centre line, depending on theoverall width of the structure, such as an embankment


footprint or a cutting;


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2.4.1.3 Locations and depths of the investigation points

- for structures on or near slopes and steps in the terrain

,following should be observed (continued):

nc u ng excava ons , nves ga on po n s s ou a so earranged outside the project area, these being located so thatthe stabilit of the slo e or cut can be assessed.

- Where anchorages are installed, due consideration should

be given to the likely stresses in their load transfer zone; t e nvest gat on po nts s ou e arrange so t at t ey o

not present a hazard to the structure, the construction work,or the surroundin s e. . the ma cause chan es to the


ground and groundwater conditions);


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2.4 Desi n investi ations

2.4.1.3 Locations and depths of the investigation points(2) When selecting the locations of investigation points, thefollowing should be observed (continued):

the area considered in the design investigations shouldextend into the neighbouring area to a distance where

expected;

for roundwatermeasurin oints the ossibilit ofusing the equipment installed during the groundinvestigation for continued monitoring during and after


.


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(6)P The depth of investigations shall be extended to

all strata that will affect the project or are affected by thecons ruc on.

For dams, weirs and excavations below groundwater, ,

of investigation shall also be selected as a function ofthe hydro-geological conditions.

For slopes and steps in the terrain shall be explored to

depths below any potential slip surface.

NOTE For the spacing of investigation points and investi-ation de ths the values iven in Annex B.3 can be used as


guidance.


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Annex B.3 (informative)

spacing and depth of investigations

1 The followin s acin of investi ation oints should beused as guidance:

for high-rise and industrial structures, a grid pattern withpo n s a m o m s ance;

for large-area structures, a grid pattern with points at notmore than 60 m distance

for linear structures (roads, railways, channels, pipelines,

dikes, tunnels, retaining walls), a spacing of 20 m to 200 m; or spec a s ruc ures e.g. r ges, s ac s, mac neryfoundations), two to six investigation points per foundation;


, ,

sections.


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B.3: Spacing and depth of investigations

(2) For the investigation depth za the following values should be

used as guidance. (The reference level for za is the lowest point,excavation base.) Where more than one alternative is specified

for establishing za, the one which yields

(5) For high-rise structures and civilthe largest value should be applied.

engineering projects, the larger value of

the following conditions should be applied:

a

za 3,0 bF.


foundation.


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Annex B.3: Spacing and depth of

structures with several

foundation elements whose

effects in deeper strata aresuperimposed on each other:

za 1,5bB

where bB is the smaller side of

the structure,



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Annex B.3: Spacing and depth of

(7) Embankments and cuttings, the larger value of the

o ow ng con t ons s ou e met:a) For dams:

04 schuppener ground investigation&testing en1997 2

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