05 - materials selection
DESCRIPTION
Subsea Pipeline CourseTRANSCRIPT
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.Assistant ProfessorFaculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial University of [email protected]
ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering
Lecture 05: Materials Selection
2 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Course Project Update
Project OverviewDue February 1st
•
Discussions through to February 8th
Project scope final on February 15th
•
Latitude under special circumstances on case-by-case basis
3 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Lecture 05 Objective
To provide an overview of material selection for pipeline systems
4 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Materials Selection – PhilosophyMaterials Selection Function
Feasibility and suitability assessment•
System compatibility
•
Functional and technical requirements Life-Cycle Assessment
Design, procurement, fabrication, construction & operationsPerformance criteria and reliability targetsRisk threshold (failure frequency & consequences)Cost evaluation (≈20-30% CAPEX)
Integrity ManagementProcess operationsCondition monitoring and inspection toolsInterval frequencyMaintenance, repair and intervention
5 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Materials Selection – Project Context
Materials Selection ReportKey materials documentDesign BasisSpecificationsCodes, standards and recommended practice
Management IssuesProcurement•
Long lead items
Contracting strategyQA/QC
6 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Materials Technology Drivers
Prior to 1950’sProblem gas was flaredRelatively low flow rate and pressure requirementsSmall diameter pipelinesSeamless linepipe production
7 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Materials Technology Drivers (cont.)
1960’s Expanded Role of HydrocarbonsLonger transmission pipelines⇑ Throughput•
Flow rate
•
Operating pressure•
Diameter
•
Wall thicknessFabrication requirements•
Diameter
•
Wall thickness
8 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Materials Technology Drivers (cont.)
Present DayDemanding operational requirements•
HPHT (operating and shut-in conditions)
•
Corrosive fluids•
Produced water (historically well shut-in)
Linepipe fabrication•
Advanced techniques
•
Material chemistry•
Thermo-mechanical processes
9 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Materials Selection Considerations
System CompatibilityOperational ParametersEnvironmental ConditionsCorrosion ResistanceLinepipe FabricationConstructability
10 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
System CompatibilityInterface and Scope Break
Process equipmentRiser and landfall tie-in
LinepipeMaterial constituentsWelding proceduresCorrosion control systemsCoatings
ComponentsBends, fittings, wye’s, teesExpansion loopsFlanges, valvesAnchor flanges, supportsPig trapsInsulating joints
11 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Operational ParametersFluid Composition
Product constituentsTime variation
TemperatureSteady state•
Weld over-
&
under-match
Depressurization•
Low temperature fracture control
Ref: DNV (2007)
12 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Environmental Conditions
Ambient Temperature
InstallationRiser tie-in
Soil Conditions
Ref: Lanan et al. (2001)
13 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Corrosion Resistance
Internal Corrosion – FactorsFluid Composition•
Sweet (CO2
)•
Sour (H2
S)•
Water (H2
O, O2
and Cl)•
Bacteria
14 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Corrosion Resistance (cont.)
Internal Corrosion – MechanismsWall thickness reduction•
Uniform
•
Pits•
Grooves
Stress corrosion cracking•
Pressure and loads
Internal Corrosion – SignificanceLeakRupture
15 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Corrosion Resistance (cont.)
Internal Corrosion – Mitigation StrategiesProcess operationsMaterials selectionCorrosion allowanceInternal coatingsChemical treatment and inhibition
16 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Corrosion Resistance (cont.)
External CorrosionCoatingsField JointsCathodic Protection SystemSplash ZoneShore Approach•
Impressed current
•
Telluric currents
17 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Linepipe Fabrication – Material Options
ConventionalCarbon-Manganese (C-Mn)
Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA)Stainless
Clad or lined pipeC-Mn and CRAClad ⇒ metallurgical bondLined ⇒ mechanical bond
CompositeMultiple componentsCarbon graphite
18 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Linepipe Fabrication – Process Options
FormingRigid•
Seamless, UOE, Spiral
Flexible•
Pultrusion, Winding
ConfigurationsSingle wallPipe-in-pipeOpen or closed bundles
19 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Linepipe Fabrication – SpecificationDimensions
Variation, Fit-up, Structural integrityStrength
Elastic modulus, Yield strength, VariationDuctility
Ultimate to yield strength ratio, ElongationIndex Parameters
Hardness, Fracture toughnessConstructability
Coatings, Welding, Installation demand
20 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Joining Techniques
FlangedWelded
Ref: McDermott (2005)Ref: Melesi (2005)
21 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Reading List
1. Section 6 –
DNV (2007). Submarine
Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p.
22 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 05© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ReferencesDNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p.Lanan, G., Ennis, J.O., Egger, P.S. and Yockey, K.E. (2001). Northstar Offshore Arctic Pipeline Design and Construction. Proc. OTC, OTC 13133, 8p.McDermott (2005). http://www.jraymcdermott.comMelesi (2005). http://www.melesi.it