0610 s03 qp 2 model answer final
TRANSCRIPT
This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
SP (AT/KN) S42063/3© CIE 2003 [Turn over
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education
BIOLOGY 0610/02
Paper 2May/June 2003
1 hourCandidates answer on the Question Paper.No additional materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Centre Number Candidate Number Name
If you have been given a label, look at thedetails. If any details are incorrect ormissing, please fill in your correct detailsin the space given at the top of this page.
Stick your personal label here, ifprovided.
For Examiner’s Use
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1 Respiration is a characteristic of living organisms.
(a) State three other characteristics of living organisms.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
3. ..................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) A remote control deep-sea probe collected mud from the seabed at a depth of 8000 m.The mud was thought to contain living microorganisms.
Suggest an investigation you might carry out which would indicate whether respiringmicroorganisms are present in a sample of the mud.
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[Total : 7]
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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows a sugar cane flower that is wind pollinated.
Fig. 2.1
(i) Name structures X and Y.
X ...............................................................................................................................
Y ...........................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Explain how a feature, visible in Fig. 2.1, suggests that this flower is windpollinated.
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...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) Suggest two other features in which the sugar cane flower might be different froman insect-pollinated flower.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...........................................................................................................................[2]
X
Y
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(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the dispersal of winged fruits around a tree in open grassland. Sampleswere taken along straight lines at 5 metre intervals.
Fig. 2.2
(i) From which direction does the wind usually blow?
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Explain how you arrived at your answer.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Suggest a reason, other than the wind, that might affect the distribution of thesefruits.
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...............................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 9]
W E
NW
SW
NE
SE
N
S
99
25
19
10
5
2
89
80
70
62
31 104 92 79 72 612619159
5 m
10 m
15 m
20 m
25 m
Key
position of treenumbers show how many fruitswere collected in 1 m2
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3 Fig. 3.1 shows the carbon cycle.
Fig. 3.1
(a) Label one arrow in each case to show where each of the following processes occur inthe carbon cycle.
(i) Combustion – using the letter C [1]
(ii) Decomposition – using the letter D [1]
(iii) Photosynthesis – using the letter P [1]
(iv) Respiration – using the letter R [1]
carbon dioxidein the air
carbohydrates and proteinsin dead organic matter
carbohydrates and proteins in animals
carbon compounds in fossilfuels e.g. oil and coal
carbohydrates and proteinsin green plants
death
death
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(b) Many environmentalists are concerned by the extent of deforestation that is happeningthroughout the world.
Suggest how deforestation might affect
(i) the carbon cycle;
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...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) the water cycle.
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[Total : 8]
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4 Fig. 4.1 shows a typical animal cell and a typical plant cell.
Fig. 4.1
(a) (i) Name the parts of the cells labelled A and B.
A ...............................................................................................................................
B ...........................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Label on the diagram, with a letter C, another structure that occurs in both cells. [1]
(b) For each of the following types of cell, state one way in which it is different from theanimal cell in Fig. 4.1. State the function of each type of cell.
(i) cell lining the trachea (windpipe)
difference ..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
function .....................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) red blood cell
difference ..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
function .....................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
A
B
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(c) Materials can enter the cells shown in Fig. 4.1 by diffusion and osmosis.
(i) Define diffusion.
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(ii) Describe how osmosis differs from diffusion.
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[Total : 11]
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5 (a) Complete the following passage using only words from the list below.
diploid gametes haploid meiosis mitosis red blood cells
The transfer of inherited characteristics to new cells and new individuals depends ontwo types of cell division.
During ..............................................., the chromosomes are duplicated exactly and
............................................... cells are produced.
However, during ..............................................., the chromosome sets are first
duplicated and then halved producing ............................................... cells. These cells
will become ............................................... .[5]
(b) Using a labelled, genetic diagram, explain the inheritance of the sex of an individual.
[4]
[Total : 9]
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6 (a) Using a single line in each case, link each definition to the correct process.
definition process
[3]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows the alimentary canal and associated organs.
Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, label the sites of each of the following processes.
(i) absorption of water [1]
(ii) bile production [1]
(iii) glycogen storage [1]
(iv) lipase production [1]
[Total : 7]
ForExaminer’s
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getting rid of fibre(roughage) from an
animal
large food moleculesbroken down into
simple substances
taking in food into ananimal’s alimentary
canal
digestion
egestion
excretion
ingestion
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7 Fig. 7.1 shows the eye in section.
Fig. 7.1
(a) State the function of each of the labelled parts of the eye.
A .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
B .......................................................................................................................................
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C .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
D .......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
A
B
C D
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(b) Fig. 7.2 shows two external views of the eye.
Fig. 7.2
The change shown in Fig. 7.2 happens when certain drugs are present in the blood.
Suggest how this could affect a person’s vision.
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[Total : 6]
changes
to
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8 (a) Translocation and transpiration are processes that occur in plants.
Describe each of these processes.
translocation .....................................................................................................................
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transpiration .....................................................................................................................
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(b) Fig. 8.1 shows an investigation that was set up and left for 30 hours.
Fig. 8.1
At the end of this time, the leaf had become red.
Suggest an explanation for this result.
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[Total : 8]
pale green leaf
leaf stalk
red dye
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ForExaminer’s
Use9 Fig. 9.1 shows some parts of an ecosystem.
Fig. 9.1
(a) (i) In what form is energy passed from the Sun to the grass?
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) In what form is energy passed from the grass to the zebra?
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(b) When the zebra dies, the energy in its body is released by decomposers.
(i) Name one group of microorganisms involved in this process.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest in what form most of the energy is finally passed to the environment.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Why is the movement of energy in an ecosystem described as a flow and not as acycle?
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 5]
zebra eatsgrass
energy
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Summary of Examiner’s Notes on CIE IGCSE Biology Paper 2 June 2003
Page: 2 Q1 (a) ‘growth’, ‘movement’ and ‘excretion’ are also correct, but remember that
plants do not show locomotion and ‘feeding’ is not the correct technical term for ‘nutrition’ since it might suggest the act of eating which is incorrect for plants. Note, in particular, that the question asks for three characteristics of living organisms other than respiration.
Q1 (b) Always remember to describe a control. Other carbon dioxide
indicators are acceptable as long as colours, correct for the indicator, are mentioned. Never say that the experiment ‘is left’ without giving some idea of time.
Page: 3
Q2 (a) ii The stigmas and the anthers are exposed outside the flower – the stigmas so they can catch the pollen passing in the wind, the anthers so they can best release it into the wind – both are also acceptable responses to this question. Note also that the question asks specifically for features visible in Fig. 2.1.
Q2 (a) iii Other correct answers would include references to dry, dusty pollen
released in large quantities, or a mention that pollen in the sugar cane would be much smaller. The absence of nectaries and, although size is not clear from Fig. 2.1, smaller flowers or petals would all have gained credit.
Page: 4
Q2 (b) The distribution includes the numbers of fruits as well as the directions in which the fruits travel. A poor yield would therefore affect distribution. Always look to give ‘natural, biological’ answers rather than those that might involve human intervention.
Page: 5
Q3 (a) iv Using the same letter to label one arrow correctly and one incorrectly could carry a penalty, but in (iv), the letter could be acceptably placed beside the arrow from green plants to the air.
Page: 6
Q3 (b) ii References to droughts, the formation of deserts, floods and erosion are not closely enough tied to the recognised stages in the water cycle to be worth credit.
Page: 7
Q4 (a) ii On the right-hand (plant) cell, it would be acceptable to label the wavy line forming the central circle. All these structures are cell membranes. Make sure your label line stops exactly on the line you are intending to indicate.
Q4 (b) i Never call cilia ‘hairs’ and never suggest that the cilia ‘trap’ dust or
bacteria – it’s the mucus that performs that function. Q4 (b) ii Other differences such as the presence of haemoglobin or the
biconcave shape are acceptable.
Page: 8
Q4 (c) i ‘Particles’ or ‘ions’ would be acceptable alternatives to ‘molecules’ as would ‘down a concentration gradient’.
Q4 (c) ii In all other respects, osmosis is a form of diffusion.
Page: 9
Q5 (a) Always be sure to spell mitosis and meiosis correctly. Aware of the confusion present in many students’ minds between the two processes, Examiners will look for total accuracy in this respect.
Q5 (b) Each line of the diagram should be explained and the X and Y used to
identify the sex chromosomes should be written in capital letters.
Page: 10
Q6 (a) ‘Excretion’ is included in the list to attract those candidates who believe that this is the term for the removal of faeces from the alimentary canal. The main bulk of faeces is fibre which has not undergone any chemical reaction in the body.
Q6 (b) i It is commonly thought that the colon is the main site of water absorption, but most is actually absorbed in the ileum.
Q6(b) ii A common mistake is to believe that bile is made in the gall bladder. It
is not. It is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder before it is released into the duodenum.
Page: 11
Q7 (a) In A, ‘protection’ is too vague to score; in B a reference to the lens changing shape does not provide enough detail and the same applies to ‘changing the size of the pupil’ in C. ‘Messages’ is also not sufficiently scientifically accurate to score in D.
Page: 12
Q7 (b) Causing ‘double vision’ would not be acceptable, since this more likely to be a result of the effect of the drug on the function of the brain rather than a result of too much light entering the eye.
Page: 13
Q8 (a) In transpiration, water does not evaporate from the surface of the leaves. It evaporates inside the leaf, then the vapour diffuses out of the stomata.
Q8 (b) A full explanation requires that you start your answer from the moment
the dye enters the leaf stalk as well as an explanation of its reasons for doing so.
Page: 14
Q9 (a) i ‘solar’ energy would not be acceptable, since it also includes heat which would be an incorrect answer.
Q9 (b) i Fungi would be equally acceptable, but ‘saprophytes’ or
‘decomposers’ would not be acceptable as a group of microorganisms since they include more than one group.