0622 adfl guntermann lang bus
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PROFESSIONS:
PILOT
ANGUAGESOR NTERNATIONAL
PROJECT
lN
THE spfingol 1981 hree aculty members
f h
Departmenl
ol Foreign -anguages t Arizona State
Unnehi rx oserhe,
ih
he.hdi , ra1. .e
oI rode. isn
a
new
program
or studenlsnterestedn beginning he
' tud)
of d langLd8e.
pdrt
oI
rherr
repdrdr 'on
or n-
lernationalprolesrions.r his new program,enritled
l-ansuagesor lnlernational rofessionsrcject
LIPP),
wai to
providean
hernativetoherguld ouHemester
basic
equence,
hichwas
atlemptingo meet heneeds
oi allstudents,ncluding ansuagemajors,ludents irh
special
rofe$ional goals,
and thosewhoseonly
puF
pose
was o meet anguageequiremenls.
proposalwas
w.itten
requesting
grant
funds ftod
the
Forergn
Languace nd nlernal ional t udies rosranofrbe U.S.
Depar ftent
ofEducalion o design nd mplementhe
new
program
n fiv
anguages-Chines,rench,Ge.
man, Japanese,nd
Spanish.
wo
rofessors
or each
of the languaees
ere
o
prpa.e
cou6e syllabi and
marerialsor a rwo
year
sequenceo be elescopednto
oneyearbymeans flvo-hour classesour days week
(five
days for the Asian lansuaeet.: The
srant
was
a*arded, and
pilot
couBeswereconducled n French
and Spanish uringthe198283academicterm. ouses
are currenllyunder
way
n all five languases.
Ar i /onaSEre nive^
y,
in rdd, r ,on o, r .
mr. . ron
asa researchnstitulion,hasbeen barged ith
building
to,
e\ ,e l len.en
'e\erdl
rofe*rondl
reds:ncrnee, rne,
business,
ciences,nd so on. The ansuage epa.tment
was
awa.e hat manystudentsn language
lassesane
from these
rofe$ional
schooh,alrhoughaltempts o
establish ies fo. collaboratincn the desienof inter
disciplinary
es.ee
rosrams
ad
not mel
wilh
success.
Throush
IPP rhedep"rrmenroped o enlnr
he
n
terest nd suppon of colleaguescrosshe campus y
betlermeeringhe needs
lsrudenlsand
facuty whose
wo.k involves veBeas ervice.
To denlify
hecommunicativeeeds fAmerican
ro
fessionals
iving and
workins
n other counlries, eam
membeB nterviewed epresentat ives
f
international
business, ankins.and
sovernment
sencies
ho
had
served broad.From heseinierviews
ndothersources,
a list ofimportant functions, ltitudes, ndculluralin-
lormat,on as
compiled, nd hespecificsoals nd ob
jectives
of the
courses
were
defined. New na reriak
differinssisnificantlyro6 distine lertbooks ad
o be
Designof lhe Malriah
A survey evealed
hal cufenlly available
atenars
arolthree types:
1)
exlsdesisnedor
general urpose
ADFL BuLLErrN, 6, No. 1. SEITEMBER984
3l
Gail Guntemann and
Debonh N. Losse
cou.ses,ontaining ll theCrmmar oflhe language nd
assigning
ll fealuresolghly equalvalue.
2)
situalional
or
phrase
ook malerials,which
provide
nenorizable
sentencesor
given
iiualions, nd
(3)
exts or
specilic
careers,uchas ndicine,busine$,or
police.
Noneof
thesemetLIPPsoak, whichare1odelelop
eneralco6-
mLrnicalive
roficiency
n the language s well as the
abil'ty o function n socialandwork related ituat ions
common o avarietyofprofessions,kinc inlo accouni
the culturalconventions
har detrninefieclive om-
The conceptual asi s or lhe desien f rhe materials
sas
providd
y an adaplation or Americanacadcmrc
programs
ol the luncrionalnorional
project
lor
lhe
Councilof Europe,whichhasbeen ttemptingo define
and meet he communicariveeeds f Europeans ho
must
(oss
linguislic
boundaries or travelor
work.r
The islingot tunctional, olional,or linguisriceatures
for the'1hrshold evel" n sever3lancuages as
pro
videda nodel lor the
specitication l coftnunicative
needsol other languace earners.Neve.lheless,he
hresholdlryel pecificationsonsis f
qtensile
istsof
functions, olions, nd inguisric xponentshat earners
couldb
qpcted
ocommand fterapproximatelyhree
years
f sludy
(van
Ek and Alcxande.).Our students
arebeginners,
nd heyare
Anericans
planning
o
*ork
in many
pdrs
of
rheworld-Furthermorq
he
unclional-
nolional approach n itselt doesnot
provide
a means
ol rying ogetber heelements f communi calion,aor
does t take nto accoun earning
rocesses
r reaching
metbodolocies
Brumfit).
For these easonshe LIPP
Ieam
ot led
oserhero
.pecr lJ
nd equence
he
unc
tional
objeclives,
talch
them
with
thesramnalicd and
lexical feaiures of the languages,
devise
earnrne
nateriah andactivilies, cree n a uniform format or
le$ons, and desicnan appropriale esting
program.
ln carryingout these asks, eammembereollowed
several
rinciples
and
procedures.
irs , to
p.ovide
materiah
quickly
or
lhe
pilot projec since
nly one
month
of summer
work sas
provided
or
under the
gran ),
t
was
decided hat a basic
grammar
extsould
beadopted
and ha teammenbn
*ould
concn1ra1e
Theautho6arc, rcspe.1irelf. seciale PrcJe$ot
ofSpunlsh
and oI ForeEnbryuaqe Edu&lion and Assaciare ralessor
oJ Ften.h
at
A
loha
State UniveBit,
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on
hatching
hegrammar
oinls
with
functions ndon
wrilins dialogues ndconmunicarive
xercises
or
prac-
tice Srudenls ouldbuy bebasic
rammal
dt
and he
accompanying
hotocopied
anual.Afler the irst
year,
complete areriah$re
o be
wriuen
and esrcdn subsc
quent
classes,hus obviaiing he need or
a separal
crammd-e\ , .
aomplee
e\ rbool . aF o$
bc.ne
prcpaled
n Frenchand Slanish.
Functions,
graftmar poinls,
and
vocabularywere
slected, atched, ndsequencedccordingo
rheirdif-
ficulty and heir useiulne$ or bee itrnen
reparing
or
inrernational
ro
e5sions.
eammembe6 tudied ooks
and arricles,dentilied
by a
library
search ealinc
with
iunclional nolional
approaches,anguagso specific
purposcs,
nd nlensive
rogruns.
Workshopsere con-
ducred
n
earning
beorn eachinsmelhodolosies,nd
rhe mplications f lunctionalnotionaland orher
con'
current onceplsn cou6edesisn. he em rhenworked
logethero
ntegrate
ndsequenceheessenlial aterial.
At theendoflhe first
year
oi the
srant
unher
guidance
for.eadjustine bjeclives d restructuring aterials as
pfovided
by the
publication
f lhe ACTFL Provisional
Proiicie.cy
Guidelines.r
To
provide
uificient
omnunicalive
raciice
with the
essentjalrammar nd unctions,l wasagreedhat he
nalerial
would
b spreadout oyer be two semesters
(which
n
the
egular, onintensive
rosram
wouldcon
sritute ao
yea6).
Durine rh irs
yar
he struclure f
the materialswasdictatedby the
basic erri
for
subse-
qucnl
cvisions,everaloncepts rebeing ncorporated:
1. Much oi rhe material onftonly
included n text
books br besinnems desisnateds e.eptivematerial,
thal
s,
to becomprchcndedul not necessarily
rodu.ed
by earnes.For daftple,
beginners r ypicallyunable
rocon, ro l ,endi r
'onoun
orn\ j
uch
demonnraU\e\
and
posesivesi
turlhermorq hese orms may
not be
essentialfororlnunicadonar his evel.Otheremples
are tbe rororDs and los iorns
of
verbs n
Spanish
(assuminsha thc country o whicb rhesrudenrs ill
be assisneds not known).
2. Materialcan
espnabd; hal s.becimets an earn
verybasicways o carryout a function,
e\pandingherr
reperloires t a latcr slage o achieve hieher evel
of
sophislication.
Beginners
can learn ro introduce
themselves r orhers with lidited
srammar
and
vocabularn hercas
advanced ludenrs hould
be able
Io
pre. (nr (ople
ppropr idte lJna
vd
erJ
oi . i rudr ion\ .
Finally,
he estjng
roeran
ncludes ralp.oficiency
Inrer\Fs.d.
qel .
a. a.hrevemenrer . 8d\ i .
erv.e$
tesling
.ocedures
ave een emonstratedo rheream
in
the
workshop,
nd t is
planncd
hat for eachot rhe
three
comftonly
aught" anguages,
t
ealt
one aculty
memberi l lpani . ip3,en rn AaTI I oo5. .enf l rer , rB
worklhop
and
return
to carnpus o train the orhers.
Allhough ihe ACTFL
projecr
does nor
yet
include
Chinese ndJapaneseepfesenhrivesfthese anguages
areseeking pportuni ieso
parlicipate
n
Covernment
Ctt?- 2
sponsoredraining
progrms.
Tne Pilol Project
n
l'rnch
nnd Spanish
Constrain$oi lime, sel by ihe
granr propoial
and
granting
gency, ecessitaEdhe aunchins f rhe
pilor
D,oip. r r \ r
r$o
rorrh.
at re he
eam
ihr mer
o
be8: r
writing the marerials.
Once the materialshad been
dqelopcd-stiU
an ongoing
rocess
the
ean
faced
he
problem
fadvenising
lasseso a
poFntial
clienlele f
over orty thousand tuden$.Brochures tressinghe
lunctional
designot the counesa.d the
professional
conrextwr
prin d,
distriburcd,and
posted
n the
various
coueges f rh univerity. Incomins reshmen
*cre
informed of the
p.ogram
in their orienlahon
packet.
he sludent e*spaper atriedan anicle
on he
p o 'ecr .
l r foug\
he
a ic le
dppearcdoo are o in
lluence all enrollment.
tudents
ho were
enrolled n
the raditi onal esinning lasesot French
nd Spanish
were nformed
ofthe
projed
on rhe irst day
oiclasses,
md thosewho were
nthusiasdcbour he
praclical
oals
of the
course
were
permitted
o lransfer nro rhe
pilo
The
pilot
projecr
ook
place
n
the
acadenic
year
l9E2.El . r -dent , ere rele. red n rhebari i oi an n.
terviesdesignedo determine
olivalion,
prolessional
goah,
academicecord,and rime commitnient.While
students ad ro be beginnes n the target anguage
prefcfeDce
asgiven 0sludenlswith
previous
anguage
trainins. A few hishly motivaled studcnts
wilh
no
previous
xperiencen foreigr anguages ere dmitted-
In
seneral,
hese tudents admoredifficulty n acqutr
Ing
rre arcerdncuace Lr
ere \eIoul
anJcon . ren
Since eam eachingwirh an dperienced, native-
speakingeaching ssistanl asan essentialomponent
of the
project,
sreat
carewas aken n the scleclion f
the reachins ssistants.he wo chosen,
ne
n French
and one n Spanish,we.ekDown or lhei r eDthu$asm
and
previous
ucce$ n molivating t udcnts. xlreniely
inponant is
the
willinsness
l the assislanto devotc
time both ro coune designand
planning
with the
cooperatingacultymemberand to cultuml actiliries
oulside
he classroom,
ala*
. i /e
sa,
l imired
o $en
y
rudenr. .
P,ore
gujdeljnes
xplicillyencour3geeam e3ching o becar
ried ou in the ollowins
*aysi
demonslratins ullura]
poinls
hrough mproljsalion
nddialogue ded out by
both nstructorsfo.e heci6sj splitting p rhesludenls
into
pairs
or lriads 1lJ ree he instructors o circulale
aroDnd heclass; nd
dividins hc classnto rvogroups
fo. discusion,wirh each
roup
nonilored
by oneofthe
TeacheFdirected
ctivities
were
1()constitute nly a
small
po.tion
of da$ rime
Once he basic truclurs
had
bennroduced ithinrheir funclionaland
ulrural
contextsiheinnrucror
providd
he students ith con-
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tdtualizedactiviries
0 Mble hem o
generate
heirown
ltuations
anddialoguesn authcntic
personalized
om
municarion.
Ellorls
were
made
o linit corecrio.
ro
thosceros thal actively
mpcde omnuni.arion.
Mosl
clas
timc
was
deroted
o srnrll
group
activiries
m
phasizlng
he useolrhe language
o satisfy asic eeds:
gree, .n8
(oplc.
J, t i rc fo ntormJr 'on:
\r 'F*inr
salisfa.tion,doubt,
ackof comprehensjon,disappor.r-
nenti
and requestlng
rvices.Uanyof rhe\e unctions
rdnl h jehc h