SCALP

Dr. Ankur SaxenaAsst. Professor

Dept. of Anatomy,SGRR Institute of Medical & Health Sciences,

Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Scalp

• Covering of Neurocranium.• Extension:- – Supraorbital margins Anteriorly.– Highest Nuchal Line Posteriorly.– Down to the ears at the sides.

S = Skin.C = Connective Tissue.A = Aponeurosis With Muscles.L = Loose Areolar Tissue.P = Pericranium.

(Connective tissue)

• Skin –

– Thickest– Hairiest & High concentration of Sebaceous glands.– Insertion of Muscle fibers.– Adhered by Connective tissue underneath to the

Muscles & Aponeurosis.– Nerves & Vessels run in this layer.

• Occipitofrontalis = Occipitalis & Frontalis• Intervening Aponeurosis = Epicranial aponeurosis

= Galea Aponeurotica (Ex. Occ. Pro + Nuchal lines)• Occipitalis Frontalis

• Highest nuchal line Front of aponeurosis

• Into the Aponeurosis Orb. Oculi+ Eyebrow

Post. Auricular N Temporal N.

• Beneath the Muscle & Aponeurosis, Loose areolar tissue.• Avulsion.• Subaponeurotic space extends down beneath

Orbicularis oculi into the eyelids.

• Bleeding anywhere beneath the aponeurosis.

• Pericranium – Periosteum of the Vault.Loosely attached to the bone.Subperiosteal Hematoma.

• Vascular Supply- Arteries

External Carotid Internal Carotid Occipital Supratrochlear Posterior Auricular Supraorbital Superficial TemporalArterial wall attached to the dense connective tissue

Veins

Supraorbital + Supratrochlear

Angular Vein

Superficial Temporal Vein

Retromandibular Vein

Occipital Veins Plexus around Suboccipital Muscle

Vertebral Vein

Posterior Auricular Vein

External Jugular Vein(Behind the ear)

Lymphatic DrainageAnterior Posterior

Occipital Nodes

Posterior Auricular NodesPre-Auricular (Parotid) Nodes

Deep Cervical Chain

Nerve Supply• Posteriorly – Greater occipital Nerve (p C2) : Vertex– Third Occipital Nerve (p C3) : Posterior Scalp

Behind the ear : Lesser Occipital (a C2).Great Auricular nerve

Temple : Auriculotemporal Nerve. Zygomaticotemporal Nerve.

Forehead : Supratrochlear nerve. Supraorbital nerve.

APPLIED ANATOMY