07 ec2ws robert conceptual fire design
TRANSCRIPT
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Conceptual Fire Design and assessment
Fabienne ROBERTCERIB
Caroline MORINCERIB
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
CONCEPTUAL FIRE DESIGN(Fabienne ROBERT)
Part I
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Essential Requirements
The construction works must be designed and build in sucha way, that in the event of an outbreak of fire :
- the load bearing resistance of the construction can be
assumed for a specified period of time
- the generation and spread of fire and smoke within theworks are limited
- the spread of fire to neighbouring construction works is
limited
- the occupants can leave the works or can be rescued by
other means
- the safety of rescue teams is taken into consideration
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Essential Requirements
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Alternative verification method
Project Design
Performance-Based Code
(Physical Based Thermal
Actions)
Prescriptive Regulation
(Thermal Actions given by
a Nominal Fire)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Prescriptive Rules(Thermal Actions by Nominal Fire)
Analysis of
Entire StructureMember
Analysis
Analysis of
Part of the
Structure
Selection of
Mecahnical
Actions
Calculation of
Mechanical
Actions at
Boundaries
Calculation of
mechanical
Actions at
Boundaries
Advanced
Calculation
Models
Tabulated
Data
Simple
Calculation
Models
Simple
Calculation
Models
Advanced
Calculation
Models
Advanced
Calculation
Models
Alternative verification method
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Selection of Simple or Advanced Fire
Development Models
Selection of
Mecahnical
Actions
Calculation of
Mechanical
Actions at
Boundaries
Calculation of
mechanical
Actions et
Boundaries
Advanced
Calculation
Models
Simple
Calculation
Models
(if available)
Advanced
Calculation
Models
Advanced
Calculation
Models
Performance-Based Code(Physically based Thermal Actions)
Analysis ofEntire
Structure
Member
Analysis
Analysis ofPart of the
Structure
Alternative verification method
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Content of EN 1992-1-2
1 - General
2 - Basis of Design
3 - Material Properties
4 - Design Procedures
5 - Tabulated data
6 - High strength
concrete
Concrete
Reinforcing steel
Prestressing steel
Advanced
calculation methods
Spalling
Joints
Protective layers
Columns
Walls
Tensile members
Beams
Slabs
Spalling
Thermal properties
Structural design
Basic requirements
Actions
Design values of material Xd,fiVerification methods
Mechanical and thermal
properties
Simplified
calculation methods
Strength reduction
Temperature profiles
Reduced cross-section
General aspects
Thermal response
Mechanical response
Validation
Annex A
Temperature profiles
Annex BIsotherm 500
zone method
Section in bending & axial
load
Annex C
Tabulated data for columns
Annex D
Calculation methods for
shear, torsion and anchorage
Annex E
Simplified calculation
methods for beams and
slabs
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Scope- Design of concrete structures for fire exposure in conjonction
with EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1991-1-2
- Applicable to normal weight concrete up to C 90/105 and
lightweight concrete up to LC 50/60
Requirements
Design to maintain the load-bearing function (R)
and/or
Design and construction to maintain the separatingfunction (E, I)
Nominal fire exposure during the required time period
Parametric fire exposure during the complete duration of fire
(specific criterion for I in the decay phase)
SECTION 1 &2 General
and Basis of Design
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 1 &2 General
and Basis of Design
M,fi = 1,0
Design values of material properties
Mechanical material properties
Xd,fi = k Xk/ M,fi
Thermal material properties
Xd,fi = Xk/ M,fi (favourable)
Xd,fi = Xk M,fi (unfavourable)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Verification method member analysis
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Verification method member analysis
Example for fi
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 3 - Material Properties
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Concrete : stress-strain relationship
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Strength reduction of concrete
CERIB
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Concrete compressive strength
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Reinforcing and prestressing steel :
stress-strain relationship
CERIB
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Strength reduction (fy k) for reinforcing steel
Class N Class X
Recommended
with experimental
evidence
S h d i ( f
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Strength reduction (f p k ) for
prestressing steel
Class B
Class A
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Thermal properties
Convectiveheat flux
Radiative
heat flux
Specific
heat
density
Thermal
conductivity
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Thermal Conductivity
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Temperature [C]
Therma
lconductivity[W
/(mK)]
prEN (L1)
prEN (L2)
EN (upper limit)
EN (lower limit)
Range for national definitions
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Thermal Elongation
Total thermal elongation of concrete
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 4 - Design procedure
Simplifiedcalculation methods
Strength reduction
Temperature profiles
Reduced cross-section
General aspects
Thermal response
Mechanical response
Validation
Annex A
Temperature profiles
Annex B
Isotherm 500
zone method
Section in bending & axial
load
Annex C
Tabulated data for columns
Annex D
Calculation methods for
shear, torsion and anchorage
Annex E
Simplified calculation
methods for beams andslabs
shear, torsion & anchorage ;
spalling ; joints
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Simplified calculation methods
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Simplified calculation methods
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Temperature profiles
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Simplified calculation method for beam
and slabs
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Shear, torsion and anchorage
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Spalling
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Falling off of concrete
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 5 Tabulated data
OCO
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 5 Tabulated data
EUROCODE 2
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 5 Tabulated data
TABULATED DATA FOR COLUMNS
EUROCODE 2
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 5 Tabulated data
TABULATED DATA FOR COLUMNS : tables for Method B
EUROCODE 2
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 5 Tabulated data
Tables for loadbearing and non loadbearing wall
Tables for simply supported and continuous beams
Tables for simply supported and continuous slabs,flat slabs, ribbed slabs
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SECTION 6 - High strength concrete
Concrete C 55/67 and C 60/75 is Class 1, concrete C 70/85 and
C80/95 is Class 2 and concrete C90/105 is Class 3.
Reduction of strength at elevated temperature
EUROCODE 2 S C O 6
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
M e t h o d A
Use reinforcement mesh with a nominal cover of 15 mm:
Wire diameter 2 mm
Pitch 50 x 50 mm
Nominal cover to main reinforcement 40 mm
Use a type of concrete that will not spall under fire
exposure demonstrated by local experience or testing.
Use a protective layers which has been demonstratedthat no spalling of concrete occurs under fire exposure.
Include in the concrete mix more than 2 kg/m3 of
monofilament propylene fibres.
M et h o d B
M et h o d C
M et h o d D
Spalling
SECTION 6 - High strength concrete
Methods for concrete grades C 55/67 to C 80/95 with
higher content of silica fume than 6% by weight ofcement and for concrete grades 80/95 < C
EUROCODE 2 SECTION 6 Hi h t th t
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
Thermal properties (thermal conductivity) specific structural design
SECTION 6 - High strength concrete
EUROCODE 2 R f f th t ti
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
References of the presentation
- Dissemination of information for training workshop, 18-20
February 2008, Brussels
- EN 1992-1-2 : 2004, The university of Manchester,
www.structuralfiresafety.org
- EN 1992-1-2 : 2004
EUROCODE 2
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
CASE STUDY (Caroline MORIN)
Part II
EUROCODE 2 INTRODUCTION
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
INTRODUCTION
ObjectiveApply the design methods presented in the Eurocode 2 Design ofconcrete structures Part 1-2 Structural fire on a structure
exposed under fire
MethodologySelection of 2 elements in the selected structure
A continuous beam
A column
Verification of the design of the structure under a fire with:
Tabulated data
Simplified calculation method
Advanced calculation method
EUROCODE 2 INTRODUCTION
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
INTRODUCTION
Structure
EUROCODE 2 INTRODUCTION
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
INTRODUCTION
Reinforcing steel of the intermediate selected span
EUROCODE 2 INTRODUCTION
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
INTRODUCTION
SectionsBeam b=0.30 m * h=0.43 m
Bars in tension in the middle of the span: 616, a=48 mm
Bars near the support (west side): 216 (a=68 mm) & 420 (a=50 mm)
Bars near the support (east side): 420 (a=50 mm)
Column b=0.30 m, l=2.80 m, a =45 mm
Longitudinal reinforcing steel: 820
200 200
35
8 / 200
48
48
30
300
30
6 16250
180
430
cadre 10
2 12
measurements in mm
EUROCODE 2 TABULATED DATA
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
TABULATED DATA
Scope (EN 1992-1-2, section 5.1 & 5.2)Design solutions for the fire exposure up to 240 minutesNormal weight concrete made with siliceous aggregates
No further checks are required concerning shear, torsion, anchorage
No further checks are required concerning spalling, except for surface
reinforcement
General design rulesFor load bearing function, minimum requirements concerning section
sizes and axis distance of steel reinforcement are given
Symbol used in tables
EUROCODE 2 TABULATED DATA (column)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
TABULATED DATA (column)
Column characteristics300/45, reinforcing steel 820, length =2.80 m
normal weight concrete made with siliceous aggregates
Standard fire exposure of 120 minutes, exposed on more than one side
Braced structure
G= 232.3 kN, Q= 48.31 kN et 2,1=0.3 (1,1=0.5 EN 1992-1-2/NAF)
Method A (Table 5.2a)Validity of the method:
Effective length of the column under fire conditions: l0,fi=1.40 m 3 m
First excentricity under fire conditions: e=0.0021 m 0.15b=0.045 m
Amount of reinforcement: As=25,13 cm 0.04 Ac=36 cm
Reduction factor for the design level in the fire situation: fi=NEd,fi/NRd=0.1
Linear interpolation 300/37.5
EUROCODE 2 TABULATED DATA (column)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
TABULATED DATA (column)
Column characteristics300/45, reinforcing steel 820, length =2.80 m
Normal weight concrete made siliceous aggregates
Standard fire exposure of 120 minutes, exposed on more than one side
Braced structures
G= 232.3 kN, Q= 48.31 kN
Method B (Table 5.2b)Validity of the method:
Load level at normal temperature conditions: n=0.14
First excentricity under fire conditions: e=0.0021 m, e/b=0.013 0.25
Slenderness of the column under fire conditions: fi=l0,fi/i=11.55 30
Mechanical reinforcement ratio at normal temperatures conditions: w=0.73
OK R120 (300/45)
EUROCODE 2 TABULATED DATA (beam)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
TABULATED DATA (beam)
Beam characteristics300/48, reinforcing steel 616
Normal weight concrete made with siliceous aggregates,
Standard fire exposure of 120 minutes, exposed to fire on three sides
G= 40.85 kN.m, Q= 8.7 kN.m
Method for continuous beam (Table 5.6)Minimum values of axis distance a to the soffit and sides of continuous
beams together with minimum values of length b
Redistribution of bending moment for normal temperature design
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD
General (section 4.2)Simplified cross-section calculations methods may be used to determinethe ultimate load-bearing capacity of a heated cross section and to
compare the capacity with the relevant combination
Informative Annex B: 2 alternatives methods for calculating the
resistance to bending moments: 500C isotherm method and Zonemethod
Standard fire exposure
Temperature profiles determined from calculation or tests
Reduced cross-sectionStrength reduction of materials
Note: for shear and anchorage, when minimum dimensions given in
tabulated data are followed, further checks for shear and anchorage
are not required (section 4.4)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD
Continuous beamRecall of data l=6.43 m, b=0.30 m, h=0.40 m, hslab=0.18 m
Hot rolled reinforcing steel: 616, a =48 mm
West top reinforcement: 420 + 216, a1 =50 mm et a2=68 mm
East top reinforcement: 420, a=50 mm
Siliceous aggregates, fck=25 MPa G= 40.85 kN.m, Q= 8.7 kN.m et 1,1=0.5
Method B1 valid with a minimum cross-section b=0.30 m > 0.16 m
Temperature profiles: Fire exposure up to 120 min
Reduced cross section 500C isotherm methoda500C bfi=0.210 m
hfi=0.365 m
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD
Continuous beamTemperature of reinforcing bars in tensionReduced strength of the reinforcement due to the temperature
kmoy=0.515
fyd,fi=kmoy*fyk/s,fi=0.515*500/1=257.37 MPa
dfi=d=0.390 m
As *fyd,fi= As *kmoy*fyk/s,fi=12.06E-4*257.37=0.310 MN
Bending strength moment: MRd,fi=z*As *kmoy*fyk/s,fi=116.39 kN.m
Comparison with a software CIMfeu EC2: MRd,fi
=121.04 kN.m (+4%)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD
Continuous beamTemperature of reinforcing bars (in the west side)Reduced strength of the reinforcement due to the temperature
kmoy=1
fyd,fi=kmoy*fyk/s,fi=1*500/1=500 MPa
dfi=0.309 m
As *fyd,fi= As *kmoy*fyk/s,fi=17.59E-4* 500=0.880 MN
Strength moment: MRd,w,fi=z*As *kmoy*fyk/s,fi= 206.64 kN.m
Comparison with a software CIMfeu EC2: MRd,w,fi=199.57 kN (- 3 %)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD
Continuous beamTemperature of reinforcing bars (in the east side)Reduced strength of the reinforcement due to the temperature
kmoy=1
fyd,fi=kmoy*fyk/s,fi=1*500/1=500 MPa
dfi=0. 315 m
As *fyd,fi= As *kmoy*fyk/s,fi=12.56E-4* 500=0.628 MN
Strength moment: MRd,e,fi=172.61 kN.m
Comparison with a software CIMfeu EC2: MRd,e,fi=169.01 kN.m (-2%)
Bending moment for a simply supported beam: MEd0,fi=241 kN.m
Total bending strength: MRd,fi=306 kN.m > MEd0,fi=241 kN.m OK R120
Comparison with CIMfeu EC2: MRd,fi=305.33 kN.m (-0.2%)
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD
ColumnGeneral data b=0.30 m, l=2.80 m
Hot rolled reinforcing steel: 820, cover =35 mm (a=45 mm)
Siliceous aggregates, fck=25 MPa
NG= 232.3 kN.m, NQ= 48.31 kN.m et 1,1=0.5
500 C isotherm method , b=0.30 m > 0.16 m
Temperature profiles: Fire exposure up to 120 min
Reduced cross section 500C isotherm methoda500C=55 mm
bfi=0.190 m
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHOD
ColumnTaking into account of the 2nd order effect? A=0.7
Mechanical reinforcement ratio under fire exposure w=0.77 B=1.597
C=0.7
n=Ned,fi/Ac,fi.fcd=0.284
Limit slenderness lim=29.36 Slenderness =l0,fi/i=25.52 < limwe can neglect the 2
nd order effet
Strength of the cross-section: NRd,fi=1.60 MN
Design normal effort: NEd,fi
=0.256 MN
NEd,fi=0.256 MN < NRd,fi=1.60 MN OK R120
EUROCODE 2 ADVANCED CALCULATION METHODS
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
ADVANCED CALCULATION METHODS
GeneralA realistic analysis of the structure exposed to fire
Reliable approximation of the expected behaviour of the
structure
Include calculation models for:
Development and distribution of the temperature within
structural members = thermal response
Mechanical behaviour of the structure = mechanical
response
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EUROCODE 2Background and Applications
ADVANCED CALCULATION METHODS
Hypothesis for the modellingThermal response (EC1-1-2) Based on principles and assumptions of the theory heat transfer
Convection, radiation
Thermal transfert coefficient on the unexposed face (c=4 W/mK)
Thermal transfert coefficient on the exposed face (c=25 W/mK)
Standard fire exposure
Include the relevant thermal actions (EN 1991-1-2), the temperature
dependent thermal properties of the materials, the influence of
moisture content
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U OCOBackground and Applications
ADVANCED CALCULATION METHODS
Hypothesis for the modellingMechanical response Based on the principles and assumptions of the therory of structural
mechanics, taking into account the changes of mechanical properties
with temperature
Loads G, Q
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Background and Applications
ADVANCED CALCULATION METHODS
Modeling of the structureAster CodeMeshes using multi-fibre beam elements
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Background and Applications
ADVANCED CALCULATION METHODS
Results & analysis in terms of deflectionsVertical deflection of the middle of the beam (< 10 cm)
Horizontal displacement at the head of the column
Calculations structure strength during 180 minutes (> 120
minutes)