07 role of personality 2010
TRANSCRIPT
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What was the aim of Marmot et als 1997 study?
Who were their participants, and what
independent variable were they investigating? What did they find?
What did they conclude?
What are the strengths and limitations of the
sample used? What type of research method was this?
What are the strengths and limitations of this?
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What are individual differences?
What individual differences may affect the
way people deal with stressful situations?
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Define personality as used by psychologists
Explain what is meant by Type A and TypeB personality.
Describe and evaluate a research study intothe link between Type A personality and
stress related illness.
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In its broadest sense, personality can be
thought of as a set of characteristic
behaviours, attitudes and generaltemperament that remain relatively stable
and distinguish one individual from another.
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What traits or characteristics would make
someone a) more vulnerable to the damaging
effects of stress, b) protected from thedamaging effects of stress.
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Friedman and Rosenman (1959) described a
Type A individual as:
Aggressive Ambitious
Having a competitive drive
Having a chronic sense of time urgency Characteristics lead to raised BP and
hormone levels
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Personality relatively lacking in Type A
characteristics
Which personality type are you?Complete
and score the questionnaire to find out
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RX-
7azTwUC4&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvx1nUYy8s0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxmisteXQTY&feature=related
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Aim: To assess hypothesis that CHD is associatedwith Type A personality
Method: Approx 3,000 men aged 39-59, living inCalifornia, examined for signs ofCHD (to excludethose already ill) and personality assessed in astructured interview.
Interview = 25 Qs concerned with how individualresponds to everyday pressures.Conducted inprovocative manner to elicit Type A behaviour.
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Findings: After 8.5 years, twice as many Type A
participants had died of cardiovascularproblems.
Type As had higher BP, cholesterol, lipoproteins
Type As had more cases of manifestCHD
Type As more likely to smoke and have familyhistory ofCHD (indirectly increasing risk)
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Suppress emotions, particularly negative
ones
Unassertive Likeable
Rarely get into arguments
Generally helpful to others
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Temshok (1987) suggests TypeCs cope with
stress in a way that ignores their own needs
in order to please others. Chronic stressors affect immune system and
increase risk for cancer whereas acutestressors activate ANS and endocrine system
and increase risk forCHD.
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Greer et al. (1979) found women with a
fighting spirit were more likely to recover
from cancer. Suggests behaviour patterns are a cause of
health or illness rather than an effect.
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Gloomy
Socially inept
Suppress emotional distress Higher risk of heart attack
Associated with depression and socialalienation
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Work out your scores for the three elements
of the Hardy personality.
Why do you have to subtract some scores andadd others? Why not design a questionnaire
so you can simply add them?
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Kobasa (1979) suggested some people are morepsychologically hardy than others.
See themselves as in c_____. Have sense ofc_________ to the world around
them dont stand and watch.
See change as an enjoyable c_______. Enables them to cope better with stress. Hardiness can be taught and used as
s_____m_________technique.
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Kobasa (1979) suggested some people are morepsychologically hardy than others.
See themselves as in control. Have sense ofcommitment to the world around
them dont stand and watch.
See change as an enjoyable challenge. Enables them to cope better with stress. Hardiness can be taught and used as stress
management technique.
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Nemeroff and Musselman (2000) found evidenceof direct link between personality and illness.
Depressed people had 41% more sticky platelets inblood than normal participants.
Giving Prozac almost got rid of platelets. Placebo also made no. platelets drop!
Suggests mood is influencing bodys systems