1.Biometrics and Authentication Shivani Kirubanandan

2. Lets Define !A biometric is a physiological or behavioralcharacteristic of a human being that can distinguishone person from another and that theoretically can beused for identification or verification of identity. 3. Biometrics as AuthenticationAuthentication depends on What you have What you know What you ARE ! 4. Why Biometrics? Identity thefts Something you know can be stolen Predicted or hacked Reliability on manual verification 5. Application Categories Biometric applications available today are categorized into 2 sectors Psychological: Iris, Fingerprints, Hand, Retinaland Face recognition Behavioral: Voice, Typing pattern, Signature 6. Biometric Authentication Process Acquisition Creation of Master characteristics Storage of Master characteristics Acquisition(s) Comparison Decision 7. The metrics of Biometrics FTE Failure To Enroll FTA Failure To Accept FAR False Acceptance Rates FRR False Reject Rates 8. Essential parameters Liveness testing Tamper resistance Secure communication Security Threshold level Fall back node 9. Fingerprint recognition Divides print into loops, whorls and arch Calculates minutiae points (ridge endings) Comparisons authentication 10. Fingerprint techniquesOpticalCapacitiveThermalUltrasonic 11. Disadvantages Racial issues Dirt , grime and wounds Placement of finger Too big a database to process Can be spoofed liveness important! 12. Hand Geometry Geometry of users hands More reliable than fingerprinting Balance in performance and usability 13. Disadvantage Very large scanners 14. Retinal Scanning Scans retina into database User looks straight into retinal reader Scan using low intensity light Very efficient cant be spoofed! 15. Disadvantages User has to look directly FTE ratio high in this biometric Acceptability concerns Light exposure Hygiene 16. Iris Scanner Scans unique pattern of iris Iris is colored and visible from far No touch required Overcomes retinal scanner issues Contact lenses an issue? 17. Face recognition User faces camera Neutral expression required Apt lighting and position Algorithms for processing Decision 18. Issues with Face Recognition? 19. Issues Identification across expression FRR or FAR fluctuate Easily spoofed Tougher usability High Environmental impact 20. Behavioral Voice Signature Typing pattern 21. Voice Recognition Speech input Frequency Duration Cadence Neutral tone User friendly 22. Disadvantages Local acoustics Background noise Device quality Illness , emotional behavior Time consuming enrollment Large processing template 23. Signature Recognition Signature measures (dynamic) Speed Velocity Pressure Captures images (static) High user acceptance 24. Issues Signature variable with Age, illness, emotions Requires high quality hardware High FRR as signatures are very dynamic 25. Typing Patterns User typing pattern Speed Press and Release Rate Unique patterns are generated comparisons 26. Issues Not very scalable FRR is high Can be spoofed by simpletechnology (recorders) 27. Usability issues in Biometrics User acceptability Knowledge of technology Familiarity with biometric characteristic Experience with device 28. Usability issues Environment of use Transaction criticality Time consuming tasks 29. Biometric solutions Educate Train Explain Interfaces Use Trainers Supervised Playtime 30. General issues FTE posses problem Biometric characteristics are not encrypted Trust on input device Cannot authenticate computers! Privacy attack?! 31. Current applications Banks Immigration facilities across USA IDwidget interesting research Eyegaze at Stanford 32. Class task Sell your biometric productCase1A bank needs an appropriateauthentication mechanism to allow remoteuser transactions. What kind of multifactorsystem would you sell them? 33. Class taskCase 2: Suggest certain areas in which biometricswould prove disastrous Note- You may suggest a particularcombination of biometrics which may bedisastrous to security and privacy 34. Thank You!!