0733 system of rice intensification (sri) and integrated crop management (icm) for sustaining...

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Integrated Crop Management (ICM) for Integrated Crop Management (ICM) for

Sustaining Irrigated Rice ProductionSustaining Irrigated Rice Production

S.P. Singh, R.M. Kumar, B. Sreedevi, P. Krishnamurthy, and S.V. Subbaiah

Directorate of Rice ResearchDirectorate of Rice ResearchRajendranagar, HYDERABAD – Rajendranagar, HYDERABAD –

500 030500 030

Department of Agronomy

Rice is the most important cereal crop in India that holds the key for food security. In India, rice is grown in an area of about 42.5 m.ha. with a production of about 87.5 m. tons. With an average annual population growth rate of 1.8 percent and per capita consumption estimated to be 400 gm of rice per day, demand for rice is expected to reach 140 m. tonnes by 2025.

This increase in demand can only be met by maintaining a steady increase in production of 2 million tons per year in the coming decades. The potential yield increase from HYVs has remained stagnant along with a decline in the natural resource base. So to meet rice requirements in the future, there is need to surmount the technological challenges of breaking the yield barrier, improving input use efficiency, evolving innovative agronomic practices, cost-effective/low-cost crop management techniques, and developing environmentally-acceptable strategies .

Healthy crop Healthy crop

Objectives

To identify the sustainability of different crop establishment methods for increasing the yield in transplanted rice.

To assess the effects of alternative sowing and transplanting dates in different crop establishment methods.

Materials and methodsCo-ordinated trials on evaluation of Co-ordinated trials on evaluation of

different methods of rice cultivation were different methods of rice cultivation were conducted during conducted during kharifkharif 2004, 2005 and 2006 2004, 2005 and 2006 under a wide variety of soil conditions -- sandy, under a wide variety of soil conditions -- sandy, sandy loam, clay, and clay loam soils in the:sandy loam, clay, and clay loam soils in the:• Southern ZoneSouthern Zone: Coimbatore, ARI-: Coimbatore, ARI-Rajendranagar, Mandya, Karaikal, Aduthurai, Rajendranagar, Mandya, Karaikal, Aduthurai, Siruguppa, Pondicherry, and Maruteru; Siruguppa, Pondicherry, and Maruteru; • Western ZoneWestern Zone: Karjat and Nawagam; : Karjat and Nawagam; • Northern ZoneNorthern Zone: Pantnagar and Ludhiana; : Pantnagar and Ludhiana; • Eastern ZoneEastern Zone: Pusa, Patna, Raipur, Titabar, : Pusa, Patna, Raipur, Titabar, Kanpur, Chiplima, Jagadalpur and Ranchi; Kanpur, Chiplima, Jagadalpur and Ranchi; • Hill ZoneHill Zone: lmora, Malan, Upper Shillong, : lmora, Malan, Upper Shillong, Umiam, Khudwani, Chatha, and Umiam, Khudwani, Chatha, and Arundhatinagar.Arundhatinagar.

T1T1 Standard practice of transplanting (CRC)Standard practice of transplanting (CRC)

T2T2 System of Rice Intensification (SRI)System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

T3T3 Integrated crop management (ICM)Integrated crop management (ICM)

T4T4 Standard practice of transplanting (CRC)Standard practice of transplanting (CRC)

T5T5 System of Rice Intensification (SRI)System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

T6T6 Integrated crop management (ICM)Integrated crop management (ICM)

Treatment detailsTreatment details

ActivityActivity

ConventionalConventionalRice Rice

Cultivation Cultivation (CRC)(CRC)

System of Rice System of Rice Intensification Intensification

(SRI)(SRI)

Integrated Crop Integrated Crop ManagementManagement

(ICM)(ICM)

NurseryNursery Normal wet Normal wet soilsoil

Raised bed Raised bed methodmethod

Mat method of Mat method of nurserynursery

Area for nurseryArea for nursery 1000m1000m22/ha/ha 100m100m22/ha/ha 100 m100 m22/ha/ha

Seed rate for Seed rate for nursery (kg/ha)nursery (kg/ha)

35 – 4035 – 40 5 – 65 – 6 10 – 1210 – 12

Seedling age Seedling age (days)(days)

21 – 3021 – 30 8 – 128 – 12 15 – 1815 – 18

Transplanting Transplanting (seedling/hill)(seedling/hill)

2-32-3 11 22

Spacing Spacing (Row x Plant)(Row x Plant)

20 x 1020 x 10 25 x 2525 x 25 20 x 2020 x 20

Activities of CRC, SRI and ICM

ActivityActivity

ConventionalConventionalRice Rice

Cultivation Cultivation (CRC)(CRC)

System of Rice System of Rice Intensification Intensification

(SRI)(SRI)

Integrated Crop Integrated Crop ManagementManagement

(ICM)(ICM)

Weed Weed controlcontrol

Herbicides fb. Herbicides fb. Spot weedingSpot weeding

Use a cono-weeder three to Use a cono-weeder three to four times in both directions four times in both directions to uproot and incorporate to uproot and incorporate weeds into soil, and most weeds into soil, and most importantly, to aerate the soil. importantly, to aerate the soil. Start cono-weeding 10 – 15 Start cono-weeding 10 – 15 days after transplanting.days after transplanting.

A rotating hoe (conical or A rotating hoe (conical or rotary weeder) is used for rotary weeder) is used for mechanical weeding + soil mechanical weeding + soil stirring in both directions at stirring in both directions at 15 days after transplanting 15 days after transplanting (DAT). 2(DAT). 2ndnd weeding is done weeding is done around 25 DAT and then as around 25 DAT and then as necessarynecessary

Water Water manage-manage-mentment

Recommended Recommended method of water method of water managementmanagement

No standing water during No standing water during growth period. Intermittent growth period. Intermittent wetting and drying until wetting and drying until panicle initiation (saturated panicle initiation (saturated field conditions). After panicle field conditions). After panicle initiation. 1–2 cm of water is initiation. 1–2 cm of water is kept for about three weeks. kept for about three weeks.

Wetting and drying method Wetting and drying method of irrigation is used.of irrigation is used.

Nutrient Nutrient manage-manage-mentment

Compost is used Compost is used along with along with recommended recommended fertilizer fertilizer depending upon depending upon the soil fertility.the soil fertility.

Use straw, green manure and Use straw, green manure and animal manure to enrich the animal manure to enrich the organic content of the soil to organic content of the soil to promote populations of earth-promote populations of earth-worms and microorganisms worms and microorganisms and to facilitate nutrient and to facilitate nutrient availability.availability.

Site-specific integrated Site-specific integrated nutrient management.nutrient management.

Southern zone: Higher grain yield compared to CRC recorded for SRI (4.4 to 22.8%) and ICM (4.5 to 10.3%) at Coimbatore, ARI-Rajendranagar, Aduthurai, Mandya and Siruguppa, while reduction in grain yield was recorded under SRI and ICM compared to CRC at Pondicherry, Karaikal and Maruteru under same date of nursery sowing. Under same date of transplanting, SRI recorded higher grain yield of 19.0 to 31.9% at Coimbatore, Aduthurai and Siruguppa, and ICM recorded 9.6 to 23.0% more at Coimbatore, ARI-Rajendranagar, Aduthurai, Sirguppa and Maruteru, while reduction in grain yield was recorded under SRI at ARI-Rajendranagar, Mandya, Pondicherry, Karaikal and Maruteru, and under ICM at Mandya, and Karaikal.

RESULTS

Treatments CTB ARI ADT MND SRG PDY KRK MTU Mean

SRI vs. CRC(% increase by

T2 over T1) 22.76 19.87 15.34 6.05 4.44 -0.84-

24.67 -2.94 5.00

ICM vs. CPC(% increase by

T3 over T1) 9.44 5.86 10.30 4.53 -1.15 -5.04-

20.68 -2.74 0.07

SRI vs. ICM(% increase by

T2 over T3) 12.17 13.24 4.56 1.45 5.66 4.42 -5.03 -0.20 4.53

SRI vs. CRC(% increase by

T5 over T4) 30.40-

13.23 19.02-

12.61 31.92-

38.67-

18.53 -7.25 -1.12

CRC vs. ICM(% increase by

T4 over T6) 20.09 9.67 13.20-

18.29 23.03 --

11.61 9.59 6.53

SRI vs. ICM (% increase by

T5 over T6) 8.59-

20.88 5.14 6.95 7.23 - -7.83-

15.37 -2.31

South zone: % mean grain yield increase under SRI, ICM over CRC, and SRI over ICM

Performance of CRC, SRI and ICM in South

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

T1 Vs T2 T1 Vs T3 T2 Vs T3 T4 Vs T5 T4 Vs T6 T5 Vs T6

% In

crea

se

TreatmentsCoimbatore ARI-Rajendranagar Aduthurai

2006 2005

2004

Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 Mean

T1 Standard practice of transplanting with 20 X 10 cm (nursery dates are same)

8.79 7.16 5.18 7.04 4.18 5.84 5.68 5.23 4.50 4.04 4.27

T2 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (nursery dates are same)

10.13 10.47 5.34 8.65 5.60 6.40 6.82 6.27 5.34 4.51 4.93

T3 Integrated crop management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (nursery dates are same)

9.04 7.71 6.38 7.71 4.57 6.00 6.05 5.54 5.05 4.37 4.71

T4 Standard practice of transplanting with 20 X 10 cm (transplanting dates are same)

8.00 8.00 3.93 3.93 4.47 4.47

T5 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (transplanting dates are same)

10.43 10.43 3.41 3.41 5.32 5.32

T6 Integrated crop management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (transplanting dates are same)

9.61 9.61 4.31 4.31 5.06 5.06

Grain yield (t/ha) under CRC, SRI & ICM

SOUTH ZONE

TreatmentsMandya Siruguppa Pondicherry

2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 Mean


4.89 5.63 5.52 5.35 5.42 5.63 2.72 5.53 3.57 3.57


4.39 6.64 5.98 5.67 7.40 7.02 2.90 5.77 3.54 3.54


4.48 6.49 5.79 5.59 6.69 6.85 2.85 5.46 3.39 3.39


5.16 5.16 5.57 5.57 4.50 4.50


4.51 4.51 7.34 7.34 2.76 2.76


4.22 4.22 6.85 6.85 - -

Grain yield (t/ha) under CRC, SRI & ICM

SOUTH ZONE

TreatmentsKaraikal Maruteru

2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean


4.58 2.19 3.39 3.84 6.37 5.11


3.75 1.35 2.55 3.49 6.42 4.96


3.85 1.52 2.69 3.68 6.25 4.97


4.48 4.48 3.86 3.86


3.65 3.65 3.58 3.58


3.96 3.96 4.23 4.23

Grain yield (t/ha) under CRC, SRI & ICMSOUTH ZONE

Western zone (Nawagam and Karjat): Compared to CRC, SRI (7.0 to 7.8%) and ICM (0.84 to 6.7%) recorded higher grain yield under same of date of nursery sowing; while under same of date of transplanting, SRI recorded higher grain yield (-0.82 to 8.82%) over CRC, but yield reduction was recorded by ICM over CRC.

Treatments Nawagam Karjat OverallCRC vs. SRI

(% increase by T2 over T1) 7.82 6.99 7.40

CRC vs. ICM(% increase by T3 over T1) 0.84 6.70 3.77

SRI vs. ICM(% increase by T2 over T3) 6.92 0.27 3.60

CRC vs. SRI(% increase by T5 over T4) 8.82 -0.82 4.00

CRC vs. ICM(% increase by T4 over T6) -2.14 0.82 -0.66

SRI vs. ICM (% increase by T5 over T6) 11.20 -1.62 4.79

Western zone: % mean grain yield increase under SRI,ICM over CRC, and

SRI over ICM

Performance of CRC, SRI and ICM in West

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


% In

crea

se

Treatments Nawagam Karjat

2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean

S1 Standard practice of transplanting with 20 X 10 cm (nursery dates are same)

4.73 6.15 5.83 5.57 4.84 7.45 5.03 5.77

S2 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (nursery dates are same)

6.26 5.95 5.81 6.01 5.15 8.15 5.23 6.18

S3 Integrated crop management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (nursery dates are same)

5.32 5.81 5.72 5.62 5.19 8.09 5.20 6.16

S4 Standard practice of transplanting with 20 X 10 cm (transplanting dates are same)

5.01 5.01 4.89 4.89

S5 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (transplanting dates are same)

5.45 5.45 4.85 4.85

S6 Integrated crop management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (transplanting dates are same)

4.90 4.90 4.93 4.93

WEST ZONEGrain yield (t/ha) under CRC, SRI & ICM

Northern zone (Pantnagar & Karputhala/Ludhiana): Recorded reduction in grain yield in SRI and ICM over CRC under same date of nursery sowing as well as with same date of transplanting

Treatments PantnagarKapurthala /

LudhianaOverall

CRC vs. SRI(% increase by T2 over T1) -1.29 -9.91 -5.60

CRC Vv. ICM(% increase by T3 over T1) -1.90 -12.24 -7.07

SRI vs. ICM(% increase by T2 over T3) 0.62 2.66 1.64

CRC vs. SRI(% increase by T5 over T4) -6.58 -2.29 -4.44

CRC vs. ICM(% increase by T4 over T6) -5.91 1.50 -2.21

SRI vs. ICM (% increase by T5 over T6) -0.71 -3.73 -2.22

North Zone: % mean grain yield increase under SRI, ICM over CRC, and SRI over

ICM

Performance of CRC, SRI and ICM in North Zone

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3


% In

cre

as

e

NORTH ZONEGrain yield (t/ha) under CRC, SRI & ICM

Treatments Pantnagar Kapurthala / Ludhiana

2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean

S1Standard practice of transplanting with 20 X 10 cm (nursery dates are same)

6.22 6.52 5.85 6.20 7.85 5.27 6.56

S2System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (nursery dates are same)

6.64 5.84 5.87 6.12 7.98 3.84 5.91

S3Integrated crop management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (nursery dates are same)

6.41 5.93 5.90 6.08 7.02 4.50 5.76

S4Standard practice of transplanting with 20 X 10 cm (transplanting dates are same)

6.27 6.27 8.03 8.03

S5System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (transplanting dates are same)

5.86 5.86 7.84 7.84

S6Integrated crop management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (transplanting dates are same)

5.90 5.90 8.15 8.15

Eastern zone: SRI (0.44 to 29.25%) and ICM (7.7 to 31.82%) recorded higher grain yield over CRC at Patna, Titabar, Kanpur, Ranchi and Chiplima, while reduction in grain yield was recorded at Pusa, Raipur and Jagdalpur under same date of nursery sowing. However, under same date of transplanting, SRI (1 to 15.8%) at Pusa, Patna, Titabar, Jagdalpur and Ranchi and ICM (6.8 to 19.3%) at Pusa, Patna, Titabar, Chiplima and Ranchi recorded higher grain yield over CRC, while reduction in grain yield under SRI and ICM was recorded at Chiplima and Raipur and Jagdalpur

Eastern zone: % mean grain yield increase under SRI, ICM over CRC, & SRI over ICM

Treatments PSA PTN TTB KPR CHP JGD RPR RNC Mean

CRC vs. SRI(% increase by

T2 over T1)-6.92 29.25 9.93 30.12 -8.10 0.44 -0.53 14.14 8.54


T3 over T1)-6.57 14.45 13.69 31.82 7.76 -5.95 -1.96 12.11 8.17


T2 over T31)-0.38 12.93 -3.31 -1.29

-14.72

6.80 1.46 1.81 0.41


T5 over T4)1.00 10.88 13.69 - -8.19 15.78 -3.74 12.58 6.00


T4 over T6)9.00 6.76 19.29 - 8.19 -2.37 -2.50 13.42 7.40


T5 over T6)-7.34 3.85 -4.69 -

-15.13

18.59 -1.28 -0.74 -0.96

Treatments PSA PTN TTB KPR CHP JGD RPR RNC Mean

T1 vs. T2 -6.92 29.25 9.93 30.12 -8.10 0.44 -0.53 14.14 8.54

T1 vs. T3 -6.57 14.45 13.69 31.82 7.76 -5.95 -1.96 12.11 8.17

T2 vs. T3 -0.38 12.93 -3.31 -1.29 -14.72 6.80 1.46 1.81 0.41

T4 vs. T5 1.00 10.88 13.69 - -8.19 15.78 -3.74 12.58 6.00

T4 vs. T6 9.00 6.76 19.29 - 8.19 -2.37 -2.50 13.42 7.40

T5 vs. T6 -7.34 3.85 -4.69 - -15.13 18.59 -1.28 -0.74 -0.96

EASTERN ZONEEASTERN ZONE

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10


% In

crea

se

Comparisons in Eastern zone

EAST ZONEGrain yield (t/ha) under CRC, SRI & ICM

Treatments Pusa Patna Titabar

2006 2005200

4Mean 2006 2005

2004

Mean 2006 2005200

4Mean


3.98 4.55 4.27 4.36 4.06 3.93 4.12 4.57 4.39 4.15 4.37

S2 System of Rice Intensifi-cation (SRI) with 25x25 cm (nursery dates aame)

4.17 3.77 3.97 4.82 5.03 6.11 5.32 4.83 4.76 4.83 4.81


4.24 3.73 3.99 4.55 4.41 5.17 4.71 4.90 5.11 4.90 4.97


4.00 4.00 4.19 4.19 4.33 4.33

S5 System of Rice Intensifi-cation (SRI) with 25x25 cm (transplanting dates are same)

4.04 4.04 4.64 4.64 4.93 4.93

S6 Integrated crop manage-ment (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (transplanting dates are same)

4.36 4.36 4.47 4.47 5.17 5.17

Treatments Kanpur Chiplima Jagdalpur

2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean


5.41 5.41 5.03 4.86 4.60 4.83 5.70 5.67 4.65 5.69


7.03 7.03 4.65 4.47 4.20 4.44 5.80 6.11 5.22 5.71


7.13 7.13 5.41 5.24 4.97 5.21 4.63 6.21 5.20 5.35


- 5.19 5.19 5.07 5.07

S5 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (trans-planting dates same)

- 4.77 4.77 5.87 5.87

S6 Integrated crop management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (trans-planting dates same)

- 5.62 5.62 4.95 4.95


Treatments Raipur Ranchi

2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean


6.23 7.03 6.63 4.84 4.33 6.60 5.26

S2 System of Rice Intensifi-cation (SRI) with 25x25 cm (nursery dates are same)

6.22 6.97 - 6.60 5.62 5.02 7.36 6.00

S3 Integrated crop manage-ment (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (nursery dates are same)

6.07 6.93 - 6.50 5.55 4.95 7.18 5.89

S4 Standard practice of trans-planting with 20 X 10 cm (transplanting dates same)

6.41 - 6.41 4.77

S5 System of Rice Intensifi-cation (SRI) with 25x25 cm (transplanting dates same)

6.17 - 6.17 5.37

S6 Integrated crop manage-ment (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (transplanting dates same)

6.25 - 6.25 5.41


Hill zone: Under same date of nursery sowing, SRI (0.35 to 65.7%) at Chatha, Upper Shillong, Umiam and Arundhatinagar and ICM (17.2 to 46.8%) at Umiam and Arundhatinagar recorded higher grain yield over CRC, while in other places (Almora and Malan), reduction in grain yield was observed.

Under same date of transplanting, SRI (2.7 to 93.7%) at Chatha, Khudwani, Umiam and Arundhatinagar and ICM (20.6 to 43.3%) at Khudwani, Umiam and Arundhatinagar recorded higher grain yield over CRC, while in other places, reduction in grain yield was observed in SRI and ICM over CRC.

Hill zone: % mean grain yield increase under SRI, ICM over CRC, and SRI over

ICM

Treatments CHT KHD SUS UMM ARD ALM MLN Mean +Mean -

ARD

T1 Vs T2(% increase by

T2 over T1)5.45 - 0.35 13.18 65.73 -23.79 -3.36 9.59 -1.64


T3 over T1)-4.33 - -4.37 17.15 46.76 -29.29 -0.94 4.16 -4.36


T2 over T31)10.22 - 4.94 -3.39 12.93 7.77 -2.44 5.00 3.42


T5 over T4)2.67 19.85 - 16.90 93.74 - -2.01 26.23 9.35


T4 over T6)-6.30 20.62 - 21.81 43.25 - -4.01 15.07 8.03

T5 Vs T6 (% increase by

T5 over T6)9.57 -0.64 - -4.03 35.25 - 2.09 8.45 1.75

Treatments CHT KHD SUS UMM ARD ALM MLN Mean Mean -

ARD

T1 Vs T25.45 - 0.35 13.18 65.73 -23.79 -3.36 9.59 -1.64

T1 Vs T3-4.33 - -4.37 17.15 46.76 -29.29 -0.94 4.16 -4.36

T2 Vs T310.22 - 4.94 -3.39 12.93 7.77 -2.44 5.00 3.42

T4 Vs T52.67 19.85 - 16.90 93.74 - -2.01 26.23 9.35

T4 Vs T6-6.30 20.62 - 21.81 43.25 - -4.01 15.07 8.03

T5 Vs T69.57 -0.64 - -4.03 35.25 - 2.09 8.45 1.75

HILL ZONEHILL ZONE

Performance of CRC, SRI and ICM in Hills (excluding ARD)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12


% In

crea

se

Performance of CRC, SRI and ICM in Hills

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


% In

cre

as

e

HILL ZONEGrain yield (t/ha) under CRC, SRI & ICM

TreatmentsChatha Khudwani Upper Shillong

2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean 2006 2005 2004 Mean

S1S1 Standard practice of Standard practice of transplanting with 20 X transplanting with 20 X 10 cm (nursery dates 10 cm (nursery dates are same)are same)

8.208.20 7.96 7.96 8.088.08 -- -- -- -- 2.872.87 2.852.85 2.862.86

S2S2 System of Rice Inten-System of Rice Inten-sification (SRI) with sification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (nursery 25x25 cm (nursery dates are same)dates are same)

8.618.61 8.43 8.43 8.528.52 -- -- -- -- 3.073.07 2.672.67 2.872.87

S3S3 Integrated crop Integrated crop management (ICM) management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm with 20 x 20 cm (nursery dates are (nursery dates are same)same)

7.817.81 7.65 7.65 7.737.73 -- -- -- -- 2.962.96 2.512.51 2.742.74

S4S4 Standard practice of Standard practice of transplanting with 20 X transplanting with 20 X 10 cm ((transplanting 10 cm ((transplanting dates are same)dates are same)

8.258.25 8.258.25 3.883.88 3.883.88 --

S5S5 System of Rice System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm with 25x25 cm (transplanting dates (transplanting dates are same)are same)

8.478.47 8.478.47 4.654.65 4.654.65 --

S6S6 Integrated crop Integrated crop management (ICM) management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm with 20 x 20 cm (transplanting dates (transplanting dates are same)are same)

7.737.73 7.737.73 4.684.68 4.684.68 --

TreatmentsUmiam Arundhathinagar Almora Malan

‘06 ‘05 Mean ‘06 ‘05 ‘04 Mean ‘06 ‘05 ‘04 Mean ‘06 ‘05 ‘04 Mean


5.09 3.83 4.46 5.12 5.09 6.13 5.45 5.91 6.46 2.59 6.19 5.80 6.75 4.33 5.63


5.74 4.36

5.05 9.90 8.50 8.68 9.03 5.72 5.45 2.97 4.71 6.77 5.50 4.05 5.44


5.78 4.67

5.23 7.80 8.21 7.97 7.99 5.88 4.63 2.61 4.37 6.94 6.01 3.77 5.57


5.09

5.09 5.11 5.11 - 5.93 5.93

S5 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with 25x25 cm (transplanting dates are same)

5.95

5.95 9.90 9.90 - 5.81 5.81

S6 Integrated crop management (ICM) with 20 x 20 cm (transplanting dates are same)

6.20

6.20 7.32 7.32 - 5.69 5.69

HILL ZONEGrain yield (t/ha) under CRC, SRI & ICM

TreatTreat SouthSouth WestWest NorthNorth East East Hill Hill OverallOverall

(+ARD)(+ARD) (- ARD)(- ARD) (+ARD)(+ARD) (- ARD)(- ARD)

T1 5.00 7.40 -5.60 8.54 9.59 -1.64 6.17 2.74

T2 0.07 3.77 -7.07 8.17 4.16 -4.36 2.14 0.12

T3 4.53 3.60 1.64 0.41 5.00 3.42 3.85 2.69

T4 -1.12 4.00 -4.44 6.00 26.23 9.36 14.50 2.76

T5 6.53 -0.66 -2.21 7.40 15.07 8.03 9.45 3.82

T6 -2.31 4.79 -2.22 -0.96 8.45 1.75 4.33 0.21

Overall performance of SRI and ICM over Overall performance of SRI and ICM over CRC under AICRIP Agronomy during 3 CRC under AICRIP Agronomy during 3

yearsyears

More research is needed on mechanical More research is needed on mechanical weeding + soil churning in relation to weeding + soil churning in relation to root growth and grain yield in different root growth and grain yield in different soil types. Quantification of water, land soil types. Quantification of water, land and labour productivity and nutrient use and labour productivity and nutrient use efficiency are required. Relative number efficiency are required. Relative number and diversity of micro-organisms, and diversity of micro-organisms, presence of enzymes, and nutrients presence of enzymes, and nutrients release patterns in rice rhizosphere release patterns in rice rhizosphere under ICM and SRI have to characterized. under ICM and SRI have to characterized. Additional attention is also required for Additional attention is also required for grain yield trends with timing, grain yield trends with timing, emergence of insects and pests, and emergence of insects and pests, and nutrient mining under both systems. SRI nutrient mining under both systems. SRI and ICM system have a high potential for and ICM system have a high potential for rice production and farmers’ income in rice production and farmers’ income in future with less input requirement.future with less input requirement.

0733 system of rice intensification (sri) and integrated crop management (icm) for sustaining...

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