08-ce-98 prestn
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
1/18
SHAHZAD MEHMOOD
08-CE-98
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
2/18
NEED OF CLEAN AIR ACT(CAA)FOR PAKISTAN
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
3/18
CLEAN AIR ACT
Clean Air Act is the comprehensive federallaw that regulates air emissions andmobile sources. (set in 1975, revised in
1977 & 1990)
This law authorize EPA to establish
National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS) to protect public health andpublic welfare.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
4/18
1990 AMENDMENTS
The 1990 Clean Air Act amendments builton the significant progress made inimproving the nations quality air pollution.
In 2010 alone the amendments of1990 Clean Air Act prevented more than:-
_ 160,000 cases of premature mortality
_ 130,000 heart attacks_ 13 million lost work days EPA REPORT
_ 1.7 million asthma attacks 03-01-2011
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
5/18
AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is a broad term that refers toany chemical, physical (particulate matter)or biological agent that modifies the
natural characteristics of the atmosphere.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
6/18
Sources of Air Pollution
The greatest sources of emissions areactually the
Factories
Mills
Automobiles.
CNG has been introduced to enhance
energy efficiency in various energyconsuming sectors specially in thetransport sector.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
7/18
Major Sources
Major sources are stationary sourcesthat emit or have potential to emit 10 tonsper year or more of a hazardous air
pollutants.
An Area Source is any stationary sourcethat is not a major source.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
8/18
Effects of Air Pollution
( 1 )Respiratory diseases: Globallyair pollution is directly responsible for alarge number of respiratory diseases and
the deaths caused by them.
The World Health Organization (WHO)
estimates that 4.6 million people die eachyear from directly attributable to airpollution.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
9/18
The Pakistan is no exception. The country issuffering from a rapid increase in respiratorydiseases.
Most of the respiratory diseases are related to
lungs
pleural cavity
bronchial tubes
trachea
breathing
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
10/18
( 2 )Ozone Depletion
Stratospheric ozone depletion due to airpollution has long been recognized as athreat to human health and to the Earths
ecosystem.
This ozone layer resist the ultraviolet raysthat causes skin cancer.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
11/18
( 3 ) HIGH DEATH RATE
Research published in 2005 suggests that300000 Europeans die each year from airpollution.
Although annual deaths in Pakistan due toair pollution have not been welldocumented but no doubt its a major
problem in Pakistan.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
12/18
Need of Clean Air Act
Above mentioned factors justify the need ofClean Air Act for Pakistan:-
Law enforcing air quality standards , like the
Clean Air Act (CAA) in the US, have reduced thepresence of fine particles and ozone pollutionand hence proved very successful.
So, we should also consider thesestandards in Pakistan to improve the air quality.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
13/18
Need of Clean Air Act
High death rate linked to air pollution thanthe car accidents all over the world.
All these factors necessitates a great needfor microbiologists and epidemiologists towork with the public health sector to playan effective role.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
14/18
BENEFITS
The benefits and cost of Clean Air Act shows that thebenefits of
Avoiding early deaths
Preventing heart attacks Asthma effects And reducing the no of sick days for employees
are much higher than the cost of implementing CleanAir Act
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
15/18
Funding
All such projects require proper fundingfrom the government and other agencies.
So its the duty of the government toappreciate and support these kinds ofprojects morally and financially.
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
16/18
Policies of Pakistan
Pakistan has introduced a self monitoringand reporting system to control airpollution
Pakistan is working on the followingair pollution control policies:-
National Energy Conservation policy;
Enhance energy efficiency in various energy
consuming sectors
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
17/18
National Climate Change Policy And Action
Plan National Forest Policy
National Environment Policy
Increasing Natural Gas Share In TheEnergy Mix
Fuel Efficiency In The Road TransportSector
-
7/30/2019 08-ce-98 prestn
18/18
References
Daily Times Report
March 02, 2009
EPA Report published in Washington.03-01-2011
www.epa.gov