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TotE40

. , r , i i , . ,

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

SURVEYS FOR TI'NA OFF THE NORTHWEST COAST

ME?HODS OF FISHING FOR TUNA

CONSTRAINTS

Desired sPecies

Fishing methods

Weather (wind) conditions

Logistics

FISIi]NG STRATEGIES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERXNCES

TABTES .

5

5

1-3

l _ b

1 7

1 8

1 9

1 9

2 0

2 L

2 2

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'sasTnIc ,,.rpls uJelseM!, 'A'J buT.rnq

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ssTev,t

T

POTENTIAI FOR DEVEI,OPMENT OF A TUNA TMUSTRY INNORTH !iEST AUSTRALIAN WATERS

J F Robins

Fisheries Department, 108 Adelaitle TerracePerth, western Australia

Abstvaet

fnfornation auaiLable on the abundanee of tuna off north uest AustTalia,

gatheyed on surueA s by both ship otd aircraft, is presented in ordev to

identifg opportzmi.ties foz, the eouz,cing of Tan nate?ial for the ,lestern

Auetralian tuna eanning industry. Id.entifieation of the const?aints and

potential for industzy detseLopnent of these ?esources is nade foeus'i'ng on

the area considered most fauouz'able, tApes of oeseels used' fdshing

methods arzd stz,ategies requit'ed for the d.eteLopnent of such resources in

the euent that there i,s sone identi'fied p"ospect of uiable cornnercdal

deuelopnent.

4 .

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qlnos/ueTTP:lsnv u:g4sam aq1 uo:l: ParP eq1 uT stra^'rns 6uT11ods TeTrae

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: d11ec16o1ouoJq3 pelsTT are saTxEulums ,(aa:ns 6ultrolToJ aq,l

't:oro3fun eprEoffiD) eunl q1oo16op pue lEJElJfr snufiq{s)

punl lara{cpur ' tE@im snuo,.rnslPx) (eunl padTrls) {ce[dT)ts ' 1E=E5e(fi

snuunr{r) ulgirrrollaI'tTo66Eoe snuun6) uTtanTq u.ral{1rou'tffio55EE

snutnqr,I uTlenTq ursq?nos :.:nJco saT3ads Punl 6u1atro11oy er{1 1Eq1

Aoqs uoTlptapTsuoo .:apun Eor€ aql fo s^e^-rns sno.raumu uoff slTnsar aqtr

'slassa^ pue sueld qloq .&q lno PaTr.rec uaaq e^eq

sla^rns asoqtr, 'saTueduoc a1ea1:d PuP slueuluJaAo6 ale1s u€TIPJ?snv ura?9a04

pup rllTEeauoluuroc l{q ap€ur uaaq oAeq (.rapJoq .{.rolT;Jaf, u.:aq1:oN - upTTPJlsnv

u:ralsal aq1 o1 Ieg lrer{s uo.:J 'aT) lseoc lsaa q1.rou aq? fJo s1cols Punl Jo

IITITqeITp^e eql auTunalap of sllo^rns ]o sad.dl snoTrPA z?6T Jaclu€3aq aouTs

rsvoc Jssl.4uoN sHr ,{ao vNn,l aoJ sxs^uos

' ale1s

aq1 g:o uo16a: lsat'r qlJou aq1 u'p iklsnpuT 6urqsTJ Punl e Jo ?uaudoTalap

IuE 01 sluorIelap se palcP aAEq 'q?tad 01 sfsoJ ?Jodsu€Jl q6Tq ,{Te^TleTar

aq1 pu€ saTlTITreJ 6uTzoarJ pue 6u1peo1un aTqelTns qlT..l slrod 01 6uT?eTox

suralqo:d fpcTlsT6oT sP TTaa sE PalP aql uT Eunl Jo saTcads pa-zTs€p

Jo acuppunqP uo uoTfEllltoJu'p ;o /{11cnecl 3o uralqo:d aq,tr 'rncco saTcads eunl

.raqlo to s)tco1s a:aqA o1e1s aq1 to sPaJP u.:aqlxou sJou aq? oluT lj[oJJa Jo

uoTsuEdxa lsuTE6e palelTTTtlr 'pal3aJJa sen salcads fpql to qclPc uo elonb

€ uaqA 'tB6T TTlun loafJ leTc:autuloc er{1 Iq PTT€rlsnv uf alsall Jo lsBoc

qlnos aql 6uoT€ punl uTJanIq uf,eqlnos to e.rnldPc aq1 uo uoTlerluacuoC

NOI.IJOqOEJN]

was made to a Western Australian Fisheries Inspectors neeting in 1-944.

Fron this report the follo$'ing Points emelge:

( i i )

nost of the tuna observed had been found broadl-y from North

west Cape to a few niles north of Broome to a distance no

more than 50 miles offshoret

species of tuna identifiecl in this area were northern

bluefin and rnackerel tuna and maybe a further species (not

specified) i

with the information available the peak of the tuna season

occurred. during the winter months (his flights did not

cover tbe area at all times of the year) t

baitfish (herring and hardyheads) occurred in large schools

during March and April;

schools of tuna were seen under conditions which should

render.possibte their capture by both purse seine and

livebait and pole methods ' but Fowler rr'as inclined to

favour the latter method.

( 1 1 1 '

( iv )

M.v. r r lsobel" cru ise

During the period .luly to Decerdcer 1945 the M.v. "Isobe1", chartered by

C.S.I.R investigated the near shore area from !'remantle to King Sound and

return to Geraldton. All tuna were trolled by line and species taken were

yellowfin, northern btuefin. striped tuna and mackerel tuna. No yellowfin

were taken between North west cape and King sound. only 54 tuna were

taken for 240 hoursr trolling witb two lines; 25 in the area from just

south of Shark Bay to North West cape (7 yellowfin, 12 northern bluefin, 2

nackerel tuna' 4 striped tuna) - 102 hours' trollingi 29 trolled in the

area from North west Cape to cape Leveque (16 northern bluefin and 13

mackerel. tuna) - 138 hours' trolling.

( i )

(v)

6 .

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ar{1 uT lclacxa eunl Tafa{ceut arer\ pall{6Ts sTooqcs puP 1q6n€3 qsTJ lsoiil

':ea,{ aql Jo eurTl sTt{l le uoTle:ado eTod pue ?TPqa^TT TnJssaccns e l:o

4uaudolarrep :roJ 6uT6€:nocue xeadd€ lou pTnoa asTnrc sTtll uo sllnser qclec

ar{& '(eun1 lara)toPru 6r 'eun? padT.rls 5 'uTtanlq urequou ?I 'uTJAoffaI

E) paTlorl o:aa eunl 17 po1:ad Ia^lns ar{1 6uT:no 'sa1P1S uJolseg

aq1 uT drsqsTt uTfanlq aq1 uT palef,ado qaTr{i'r lassaa alod pue 1T€qa^TT

Tnlssa3cns p selr rJels aTTalsgu al{tr' 'Iaau llocs 01 edPC fsell qlroN ulorJ

Eerp aq1 PalEbTlsa^uT 'aJTTpTTM pue saTroqsTd ;o 1uaul:edaq 01 raueqc

xopun ,,,rP1s aTTolsg,, 'A',r aq1 L96t 1sn6nv 9T 01 rrnf 71 po1:ad aq1 6u1:nq

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plp 4o.rDasa.r ua4a a+Dp aalDl D 4D pasn aq plnoo to?q& aouDpwlw

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_: SErrl

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.(aAJns aq1 Jo sllnsau 'urnlel puP uer{pur$l 01 alluPulard ulor5 Ba:P aql

uT sdaA.rns 6uT11ods TeT.rap {oolrapun a}TTpTTM pue seTreqsTJ Jo 1uaur1:edao

ueTTertsnv uralsol4 aq4 896T Iren:qag 01 996T .raqulaJec poTJed aq1 6uTrno

6uT11ods TpTrav

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Jo r{lnos 01 adEc 1sal.t rluoN uort Pare al{t palE6TlsaAuT (u r s J) r'uaaJE^lr

.A.U.d aq1 6V6T raqolco alPT 04 lsn6nv 9 poTrad aqt ouTrnq

asTruc ruasrrP r 'A'u'd

F.v. "Torbay" Cru ise

During the period 18 January to 13 March l-971 the F.V. .Torbay", under

charter to Department of Fisheries and wildlife investigated the area from

50 miles west of North west Cape to Dampier Archipelago and offshore to

the edge of the Continental Shelf. A total number of 42 days were worked

during which time 298 schools of tuna were sighted (93 of rnackerel tuna,

155 striped tuna, 9 mixed mackerel and striped tuna, 41 unidenti-fied).

The nunber of tuna trolled was 17 (12 mackerel tuna, 2 striped tuna, 2

yellor.rfin and l- northern bluefin).

Aeria1 spotting

Durj.ng the period August l-973 to August 1974 the Department of Fj-sheries

and Wildlife undertook aerial spotting surveys mainly in continental shelf

waters in the area fron Fremantle to Admiralty culf. The xesults of this

survey were cor[cined with the survey undertaken from 1966 to 1969 and

presented by Robins (1975a) .

A total of 3,636 schools of tuna were sighted during these two surveys.

For the purpose of analysis of data the coastline was divided into five

areas, viz., wyndham to Broome (Area A), Broome to Port Hedland (Area B),

Port Hedland to Onslow (Area C), Onslow to carnarvon (Area D), Carnarvon

to I'renantle (Area E). The nuy0ler of schools sighted per "effective hour"

f lown in each area for the year was 7.45 ( in A ' ) , 5 .47 ( in B) , 11.62 ( in

c ) , 6 . 1 9 ( i n D ) a n d 1 . 2 4 ( i n E ) .

Further, the scbools were categorised by size and fish size vrithin the

school. The divisions within each category were smal1, medium and large.

A small school contained less than 5 tonnes of fish, a medium school

contained between 5 and 1O tonnes, and a large school contained greater

than 10 tonnes. A small fish weighed less than 7kg, a mediun fish between

7kg anal 18kg and a large fish weighed greater than 18k9. The sizes of the

schools j-n each category expressed as a percentage $'ere: small (67.88),

meal ium (22-6t ) , large (9.6t ) . F ish s izes wi th in the schools were: smal l

(451) , net l ium (51- t ) , larqe (4t ) .

The critical question of species composition of the schools could not be

given with any precision. Horrever, a subjective assessment based mainly

on fish size composition of the schools and a knowledge of the biology of

8 .

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,uTlaoTTe.& Ilqeqord eJert gs-tJ ulnTpaul eq1 '(uTJanfq ulal{?Jou aal p sdeqtad)

ulgaaolled ^Tlsou ^Tq€qof,d a.:3l'r I{sT} a6-rPT aq1 leql se/"r saTJads snoT.re^ oql

During the period l-1 July to 27 JuLy L9'17 an observer from the Department

of Fisheries antl wildlife accompanied the w A Museum on whale spotting

flights in the shark Bay and offshore area. During this period a total of

356+ schools of tuna, and 627+ bait schools hrere sighted. It was

estimated that a fairly large proportion of these schools were either

small or rnediurn sized schools and the size of the fish rrithin the schools'ranged between 11 and 13 kg and that they rrere composed of both yetlor{fin

.and northern bluefin tuna.

F.v. "Al t rev"

The F.V. "Altrev", under charter to Department of Fisheries and Wildlife,

undertook three cruises to investigate the tuna potential in Shark Bay.

The dates of the cruises were from:-

17 May to 6 July L9?8;

18 July to 31 .July 1-978; and

3 August to 7 septenber 1978.

Results from cruises r -

(a) Investigations throughout shark Bay yielded 266 yellowfin

(av.wt . 17.3k9) and 677 nor thern b luef in (av.wt . 11.3k9) f ron 32 days

(b) Areas investigated were:

( i i )

western Ground for three d.ays resulting in a catch of 13

northern bluefin, 1 yello!'/fin and 1 striped tuna. Six

small schools of striped tuna were sightedt

west Peron area for one day from cape Peron to

Dampie! Reef. No fish were taken but 1 small school of

striped tuna was sighted i

Denham Sound area for three days resulting in a

( a )

(b)

( c )

( i )

( i i i )

1-0.

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'paxq6Ts

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F \ t t rF r^n f i a r t r

During the period 22 APril to 19 June 1979, the F.v. "Frontier", operating

privately with assistance from the Department of Fisheries and wilallife

investigated the area from Albany to Broome. The "Frontier" was a large

(6Om) American super purse seiner and used a net with a 98 fathoms fishing

alepth. This net ra'as unsatisfactory for use in continenta] shelf waters

and ,the Department lent its purse seine (with a specified depth of 23.5

fathoms ' but which actually fished deeper) to the seiner'

During the period 31 May 1980 to 5 Decenber 1980 the F'V' "Helen tr!" was

chartered by the Department of Fisheries and wildlife to investigate

livebait potential along the west coast. one test fishing exercise using

tivebait (anchovies and small herring) resulted in a catch of 3.5 tonnes

of striped tuna in three hours by two polers near Darnpier Reef, Shark Bay'

F.V. "Kerr isma"

In JuIy 1985 the F.v. "Kerrisma", operating privately, investigated an

area near the northern entrance to Shark Bay. Large schools of 4-6kg

northern bluefin were rePorted off guobba Point on July 14' estimated at

many hundreds of tonnes. on 24 July an estimated 8oo tonnes were recorded

in a feeding frenzy near Darwin Reef. The fish taken by jig averagetl

5.4kg in weight. Because of his apparent ina-bi-tity to capture a large

quantity of these fish by poling (with dead bait) and trolling' the

skipper suggested that either gillnetting or a shallow-fishing purse seine

net be t r ied.

of all the surveys carried out in w.A. waters the aerial surveys come

closest to a "xesource appraisal" survey. However aerial surveys lack the

critical information on species composition of schools sighted' In an

atternpt to overcome this problem dual surveys by air and sea \r'ere carried

o u t i n 1 9 6 7 b y F . v . ' ' E s t e l l e s t a r ' ' a n d i n 1 9 7 3 - 7 4 b y F . v . ' . w e s t e r n s t a r ' ' .

on both occasions species composition and abundance could not be

determined.

! 2 -

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Tooqcs e 6urpuTf uo spuadop poqlau aqJ 'sr0t61 alPT aq1 uT pacuauuoJ

6uTuTas as:nd 111un sta1.eltr ueTrp.rlsnv uT uTJanTq uraq?nos 6uTqclEc

fo poqlau TeTc.rauruoc reTndod aql uaaq peq 6urt{sT} auTT pue aTod

'eTTef,lsnv uraJs3.l,l pue pTIP.IfsnV qfnos 'saTeM

q?nos neN uT pasn sT ')tcE[dT:ts lua?xa pafTuITT P 01 pue eunl uTJonTq

u.:aqlnos qclpc oa '1TEq p€ap .:o aATT qlTA bUrqsTJ auTl pue aToa

auTr puP eTod(z)

'rEe6 pu€ TessaA

Jo acueTradxa pue a6paTAouI 6uTltroa poo6 B qlTlr ueulaqsTJ spaau

ITTnJssacans alpf,ado o1 puE saTlTlupnb a6Jef uT Punx gclec 01 sEq

:au1as as.:nd aql ocJnosaf, anTeA lTun arof € uo ,{TTPTJlauroJ ale:ado oJ,

'auPTd 6uT11ods e

,^TTeJaua6 ,puE sa6EA s,Aa.r3 'TanJ 'Jea6 6uTI{sT} /fassaA }o su!:a1 uT

lnduT TEITdIEJ q61q sa:1nba: 1nq se1111uenb a6JPT uT €un1 Jo sTooqcs

acEfrns 6uTqclec fo poqleu IueTJTJJ:a lsou aql sT buTuTas asf,nd

'PTre.IlSnV qlnos

pup saTeM qlnos r'raN uT pasn ^luouuoc sT poqlau aq[, '€unf {3e[dT{s

fo saq31e3 lPuoTspcco puP Eunl uTfanlq utaqlnos ro] pasn sT (Tooqcs

aql punorp loqs sT 1au asJnd or{1 ?sTTqr'r uoTlTsod uT sTool{cs Eunl aql

daa{ 01 sTassa^ afod pue lTEqa^TT I{1Tlr uoTleTcossP uT) 6uTuTas as.and

'auTas as.rnd (T)

'PTTe.TISnV puno.re SJaler'r aql uT

sraqlo uer{1 aroul qonur I:aa euros 'eun1 qclEc 01 pasn uaeq aAeq spoqlaul

aser{1 Jo TfV '6ut41au1116 pue 6u111o:1 '6uTuTf6uoT '6uTr{s'Fl auTf

pue elod '6uTuTas asrnd a.r€ €un? .:ot 6utqsTJ +o spoqlau 1ed-gcu1-zd eql'

vNn,r ao,{ 9NTHSr,4 JO SqOH,lgl^I

of time, but on rnany occasions fish become "dodlge" and move ailray from

the ves sel .

The use of water sprays can frequentl-y induce the tuna to bl-te more

freely. This nethod of fishing, depending on vessel size and

sophistication, is relatively cheap, when cotnpared to the

capitalisation and running costs of a purse seinj-ng operation.

Live bait studies by the Fisheries Department (unpublished data) shovt

that there are live bait resources along the north west coast,

especially good in the shark Bay region, which can be used in the

live bait and pole nethod of ftshing. Both small herrings and

anchovy are available.

Deaal bait and pole fj-shing for tuna in Shark Bay has been carried out

successfully on yellowfin and northern bluefin, and the livebait and

pole nethod has also been successfully demonstxated in the capture of

skipj ack.

(3) Gi l lnet t ing

Gillnet test fishing for skipjack has occurred off the south east

victorian coast and gillnetting for northern bluefin by Taiwanese off

northern Australia was a common method until recently.

Successful- captule of skipjack by gillnets was demonstrated off the

s.E. coast of v ic tor ia in the ear ly 1950rs (Temple, 1963(a) (b)) ' but

for various reasons was not develoPed further. The Taiwanese

gillnetters operating within the Australian Fishing zone off northetn

Australia captured northern bluefin as a significant part of their

total catch. This fishing has now ceased off Austtalia.

The annual tonnages taken ranged between 410 tonnes in 1975 to about

4,770 tonnes Ln !977. The average length of net used by the

Taiwanese increased from about 8.2kttl (1980) to 13.5krn (1984) and sone

vessels used up to 18km of net (Lyle & Read, 1985).

These nets nere made of nultifilanent nylon with mesh sizes

'(l(E€ {:eqs 01 adPC lsal quoN Jo qlrou

uort 'aT) sogz-.oz sapnlTleT Pue EogTT-ooTI sapn+T6uol .,{q Peraproq

pa.rp aq1 uT .reaI ar{+ lnoq6norql aTqeTT€^e sT saTcads sTql 1eq1 paAoqs

urJAoTTa{ uo eleP qclec asauedef Jo sTsITeu€ al{l Jo sfTnsax eq1

lpqt uoTluou of lda3xa 'uodar sTqt uT uoTssnosTp .ro1 a1e1.rilo:clileul

sT 1T pue eun? Jo &Tlueib ltoT € lnq ,{131enb q6Tr{ sot{cl€c rea6 aq[

'fa{:eu TuTqsEs asauedeg eq1

.roJ ,eTTerasnv ulolsatt 'o 1seo3 oq1 JJo .{Tluacar orou puP ETT€:lsnV

Jo lseoc lsea aq1 JJo paJJncco sEq Punl pazTs ra6J€I toJ 6uTuTI6uoT

'6uFTT6-uor (9)

'acueoTJTu6Ts cTlllouoce Jo saqclec

acnpord lou seop lnq ParE ue uT acuorlncco seTceds 6uTuTurrelap

roJ Tnfosn sT poqlaur sTqL 'sa?P1s IIE uT pasn sT 6uTTTorJ'

'EuTITorr (v')

' 6uTqsTJ

auTT pup alod o1 por{leur lcuncpp TnJasn P sT 1T lEql aoqs ^€ur ea.rP

,{B€ {.:pqs aq4 uT +auTTT6 azTs r{sau .:o6tpT P rpln 6urqsrg TEluaulT:adxtr

'apeur aJe Eunl Jo saqclPc trroT cTpE:ods .{Tuo 1eql

lfoalor 'uoog'T 01 OO9 uor} q16ual uT 6uT6uP.: slau rf+TA uT$leq Io 1no

6uT{ro^r s:a41au1116 uETTpr?snV 'u1}en1q uJaqlrou Jo sauuo? a^TJ }o

ssacxa uT auo pup auuol euo Jo ssacxa uT sar{c?Ec fef,oAes rol: ldacxg

'6:t99 ot 6:{0Z uorJ p36uel '1asluDtl6:t sP passeralxe

ueqA .:o ,6:tt9l o+ 6)t94T uo.zJ pa6upr ?3sluTJanfq ujraqltou Jo 1r{6Taa

qclec aql puE aATsualuT rnoqeT sT 6uT1lauITT6 Jo poqlau aseuBATe[ oq,tr,

'uoTXJulsuoc 1au aql uT pasn o:alrr leoTli e puP auTT lEoTt

e tr1sno1aa.rd sparaq.tr lau aql l:o auTlpPaq aq1 01 llTlca.rTp paqcelle

slpoTJ r{1T!r pallTJ puP '("e'9) uuol. T pue (,,9) tlruogr uaal|?aq 6uT6uer

lI

Handlining has also been tried, for example in Shark Bay and wide off

the Queensland north coast by the Japanese.

This is generally considered a sonrewhat crude method of tuna capture

but operates quite well in shark Bay, mainly because of the northern

bluefin's feedj-ng behaviour. The tuna follow the trawlers, feeding

on fish which escape through the meshes of the trawl net and trash

fish which is discarded over the ship's si-de by the trah'ler's crew

when sorting a catch of prawns from a trawl-

In sunnary. but bearing in mind that one of the objectives of this report

is to identify opportunities for the sourcing of raw material for the

western Australia canning industry which requires large vohme of product '

it is clear that the only two fi.shing methods lthich could sati-sfy this

volurne requirement are purse seininq and,/or pole and line fishing using

live and dead bait.

CONSTRATNTS

Desired species

From the evidence gathered by both exploratory survey r/essels and

observations of schools of tuna frotn the air. it apPears that the area

from North l,lest cape to the north is dominated by skipjack (small size) '

yellowfin (small size) and mackerel tuna (not a marketable tuna) ' on the

other hand it has been shown that there is a resource wi'thin shark Bay' of

both ),el1o\,rfin and. northern bluefin, of i-deal size, which could be

exploited for the canning market- StriPed tuna of a size accePtable for

canning (ie. 4kg) also occur in this area and it has been demonstrated

that they can be caught by the l ivebait and pole method of f ishing

The sizes of the northern bluefin caught in Shark Bay range from 72cm ta

ll"Bcn vrith a modal value of 93cm. weights range from 6kg to 25'5kg with a

moda l va lue o f 12 .5k9 .

T h e s i z e s o f t h e y e l i o w f i n r a n g e f r o m S 6 c m t o l 4 l c m w i t h a m o d a ] - v a l u e o f

95cm. Weights range from 72kq ta 59kg with a modal value of 1Bk9'

1 6 .

.LT

.peTTTJInJ arP (TTT) pue (T) leqf arns buTaq

se TTa^r sP (s)u6Tsap (s)1ou Jo a3Toq3 aI{1 o1 uea16 Aq lsnur uo"t+PfapTsuos

TnJa.rEc 'adeC 1sal4 l{lroN puP ,{Pg lrEqs uaalltlaq earP aq1 uT pesn aq

of aJnldec Jo poqlau er{1 aq 01 parapTsuoc sT 6uTuTas as:nd 3:1 pue r{?eqosT

saf,laur OOT aql uTqlTI'r po.:Jnc3o aAPI{ tTE el{l urof,J palq6Ts sTooq3s qsTJ lsow

'(TTT) pue (TT) t{1oq

rtJsTlps ,(Tradoral ?ou pTp ,,o lauPf,' 'A'J ! (rr) ,{JsTlPs lou pTp ,':eTluo'rd,'

'A',E ! (TrT) puP (T) l{JsTles lou pTp r-:P1S u.relsel{,, 'A',{ lqbTspuTt{ uI

'uoT?P:ado auTas as:nd e lno 6uT,{-r:ec

uT pacuaTradxa d11n; aq lsnut l"|ero pue radalT)ts 6u1qsr4 agl

3paqsTJ aq 01 f,alPllr Jo

srpdap ar{1 1'tns 01 pou6Tsap aq lsnu pasn eq 01 (s)1au eq1

(TTT)

(TT )

,qoc aqt :oJ lTTnq Tessa^

p 'aT TassaA auTas esrnd aTqelTns e eq lsnu TesseA arll

:aJp suraTqord asar{J

'palduralle aJ€ buTuTos

asrnd lp s1duel1p raqlrnJ oJoJaq pa^fos aq ernlnJ uT lsnul qcrqat suelqo:d

T€ra^as araa afeq+ ?Eql I"3T3 sT 1T ?Seoc UPTTPJISnV ura1s3!,! aq1 'Jo Eunl

roJ auTas es.rnd 01 s1dua11e aq1 Jo suoTfe^rasqo uof,.{ '6uTuTos oslnd (p)

spoqlaw buTr{sT.{

'(z arqp,r)

sTassal 6I 01 dn uoff 6uTurTpueq 6q 1q6nEc araa seuuol t€T 'suosPas t86,7

pup €86I aql qloq uT 1nq 'aIqeTTPA€ are sa.rn6Tt uofla ou ^Ta1eun1.:oJun

'aATsnIcuT :aqualdag ol ,tew uIof,J poTJad aq1 uT ua{€1 aJal,r sar{c1Ec 1so1Eaf,6

aq,! 'Joqolco 01 qcrpw uro:J spualxa q3Tt{l!t uosPas 6uTuaerd ar{? 6uTfnp uatel

,{TTpeoJ ate (Ipg {reqs uTqlTra sTassal 6u1une:d utoJJ scTlsTlels qc1P3 eq?

uT pauTq.[oc ) u1}tto11ed pue uT]anTq u.raqlrou r{10q 'Eun1 leq1 ,lot{s sTasso^

6uTuAefd ulorJ auTTpueq l(q ua{81 saqcfec 1nq Ieg )tJeqs uT apeu uaaq aAeq

suoT?.p6T1saAuT €unf .:aqlrnJ ou 8t6I uT asTnJc ,rAeJlTv,, aq4 o1 luanbasqng

A purse seiner is

spotter plane.

vessels .

helped immeasurably to

This observatlon also

f ind fish by

. F h l i a c + ^

the assistance of a

livebait and pole

(b ) The only docurnented accounts of

dead bait and pole fishing in the northern area are those of F.v. "Altrev"

(under charter to investigate live or dead bait and poling for tuna in

Shark Bay in 19?8) and F.V. "Spunky" (rock lobster boat) in 1978' During

56 days of investigation ' F.V. "Altrev" caught 20 tonnes of northern

bluefin and yellowfin, whilst F.V. "Spunky" caught 20 tonnes of northern

bluef in , us ing dead bai t and pole, in 15 daysr f ish ing.

Livebait schools are abundant in shark Bay and are available for at least

6 months of the year (from February to August). The oily herring is the

most abundant species but another species present, the southern anchovy,

is a bet ter l ivebai t .

The th'o main constraints related to the fishing operation would be:-

Even thouqh it has been stated quite

is extremely shy of hook and lure,

bluefin frequenting shark BaY can

successfu l ly .

f i \

( i i )

frequently that the northern bluefin

the older age groups of northern

be cauqht by this method quite

speed data for Broome, Port

Geraldton and bY apPl!' ing a

Rob ins , 1975a) was ab le to

days" per month for each of

the irregular procurement of livebait due to wind anC tide

conditi"ons (dead bait could be readily substituted if needed in

a small-sized operation) i and

the somern'hat crude technique of dead bait fishing-

Refinement of f j-shing technique I which would include the use of overside

sprays, vtould. probably improve the catches significantly'

white (1978) analysecl all 9am and 3pm wind

Hedland, Karratha. LeaLmonth, Carnarvon and

"sighting efficiency" factor (derived frorn

calculat-e the number of "effective sighting

1 8 .

'(E eTqP& aas) qc.:€l^l 01 Jaqol3o poT.rad aq1 6u1:np ,{1ea11cal:Ja par{sTf

eq pTnoJ (zI 01 6) t{luoul rad slep .raaa!: 1Pq4 ?ua1xa eq1 01 a?etoTralap

suoTlTpuoo raqleal"r ejtol:aq raqnaldas 01 TTf,dv uo.rJ pualxa pTnos uos€as aI{J

'aoTToJ ^fajrns TTrA Ieg :{rPqs apTslno sf,alen o? saTlTATlsP

6uTqsfJ Jo uoTsualxg ',{eg aq1 uTqlTl| urof,} ,{TalPTpeu$T pauTelqo aq pfnoc

acupcTJTubTs auros Jo uoTlJnpofd Punf uaql 6utqsTtr +o poq?aur feTlTuT f,e11aq

or{f aq 01 pauTulralep sr 6urI{sTJ alod pue lTeq peap/eATT JT I ,{Ta^Tleu:elTv

':ood sT a3ua:.rn33o qsTJ uo uoTleuIJoJuT aI{1 eraqr sJalElt

aJor{sJtro :adaep uT aleJodo 01 e^eq ITTA 1T uaql 'parTnbar TTTIS sT .:ouTas

as:nd e 1Eql 1nq 'sr{1dap ralPlr laoTTpqs qcns uT pasn eq 1ou pTnoc 1au e

qJns 1eq1 pauTuualsp sT 1T JI 's.ral€n aoTteqs r{3ns uT LISTJ of, fau 6uT'r lo

asJnd luaTcTJla uE 6uflculsuoc Jo IlTTTqlseal aq1 euTuf,alap 01 pa'rTnbe':

aq TTTA acTAp€ l.Iadxg 'I:oI .lo oTlel qldap paqc1a.lls : auTlpPsq e q?T/'r

1au p 'oT lau auTas osJnd €unl uoTlJn.Ilsuoc pf,€pue1s € asn 01 qsTqr uT

aoTTeqs oo1 of,P ( suor{fel: zt o+ dn) sqldap f,e1ell aql f€Lt1 pa:apTsuoc sT 1I

arnlde3 Jo poqlaur lseq aql

uo aq ITTA apeu aq 01 uoTsTcap lxau aq? '^eg 1:Bqs uT eunl fo suoTlBTndod

afqprlclpJ unou>t aql lToTdxa 01 paasord of epeu sT uoTST3ap P l:I

ssr9sfivu,ls 9NlHSrJ

'qlnoutxg ueql uoTlenlTs cIlsT6oT .ro?1aq

e uT sT uo^.:eurp] !€a-re IPg {t€qs aq1 ueql taqlo Paf,e IUE uT asT-rd-rolue

6uTqsrf Eunl P e1er.1TuT 01 asTAun aq pTnor'r 1T f,aplsuo3 T '1sal'r ql.rou

aq? uT eunl Jo .dfrTTqPTTEae 1ua:edde aql uo paluasa.:d uoTlEunoJuT oql ql16

's1so3 1q6T3:J pue a6p.rols lcnpo.:d

, (6uTlTanJ 'buTppoTun 'sa^f,Eqlv\) seTITTTcEJ l.Iod 01 alETar asaqJ 'PaAoua.r

are uoTlefado Io sJTlsT6OT uo s?ureJlsuoc aq+ to euos ueql '{:aqs11

eun? € doTalap cl ldual+p 01 IIcTLIA uT ea.f,e IeTfTuT 3q1 aq plnoqs ade3

lsa!{ r{1-roN o1 ,{eg {:eqs ulorJ 6ulpualxa Pate aql leql apPul sT uoTsTcap B fI

scTlsTboT

'sIep 6u1qs13 qlTl'r alerqTTTnba plnon ,,s^ep 6uTlq6TS a^TlcaJlai

aq1 uoluldo ,(ur u1 '(€ aTqe,T,) /{1ea11cedse: E pue c rC 'g 'V sPale aq1

( 3 )

( 4 )

From analysis of data, heltl by the Fisheries Department, it j-s shown tbat

the southern section of shark Bay is dominated by schools of large

northern bluefin tuna ' the nj-ddle ground has about equal quantities of

both northern bluefin and yellowfin whilst the area between Koks Island

and Point Quobba is dominated by yellowfin; targeting on one particular

species is not an important factor.

I{hen fishing for tuna the following aicls to fishing are considered

essential or desirable

Aerial spotting. Aerial spotting for schools of tuna is

considered to be mandatory in the initial stages of development'

satelli-te ifiagery. satellite imagery information on sea surface

temperatures antl eddy systems in the region will become more

inportant as the fishery develops.

suitable radar.

sonar. A sonar system which helps to determine fish school size

anal tlePth Position.

CONCLUSIONS

Analysis of catch results fron all surveys indicates that shark

Bay and environs is nost likely to produce tuna iNnediatel-y for

use by the canning indlustry. This area holds poPulations of

good sj,zed northern bluefin anal yellowfin tuna which are readily

accessible and vulnerable to the pole and line method of

fishing.

It is very doubtful that purse seininq for tuna r'{ithin Shark Bay

is feasible, but will Probably be used in deePer waters outside

shark Bay as the fishery develoPs.

The fishing season in shark Bay should extend, at least, from

April to Septenber.

( 1 )

( 2 j

( 2 )

( 1 )

2 0 .

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' (lrodajr palcTJlseu) 'aellTllluroc soTllsnpur parTTvpue 6u1qs1g aq;, 'auoz 6u-FqsTJ efTur ooz s'eTTPJlsnv 01 uoTlETefuT '^JtsnpuT 6urqsT] uPTT€f,1snv ulalsal't aql roJ seaf,P lueurdoTeAap

TBTluAlod oluT suoTle6T?sa^uT uo l.zodaf urT-ralul '8161 'I' JoAaJtr' 'af Tq.l,l

'TS^leN 'qsTd 'eunl'Es61 srr.t ' (LlzZ

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aunr ' (9) Za'E96T 'v 'a1dural,

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'02-8T '(€)6'096T'T'c'.61ua^:as

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ox eL6I 1sn6ng polrad aq1 6uTf,np ?spocJto sf,alpl:a uT IeA:ns eunJ 'q9Z6T 'd'f 'suTqou

'lsnv'lsa 'TpTTI{'qsT,{

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'd6e '1a11 'd5[']d5q- 'er1e:1snv ura1sal.1 ffo srele,'r cTueeooslr pue Punl Jo slcadse euos 'p9z6l 'd'f 'suTqou

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V 'srelBlr ueTTp.rlsnv uraql:oN uT €unJ '986T 'CI'v 'pEaU pue 't'f'f 'at.{1

s scNSIasJFd

TABLE 1(a) SUMMARY OF CATCH RESULTS - BY MONTH

WESTERN STARI AUC 1973 - AUC 1974 (EXCLUDI

Purse se ine ne t sho t 12 t imes dur ing survey '

2 trial shots! 7 foul shotsi 2 shots caught small

( i ) mackere l tuna, ( j i ) sk ip jack or s t r iped tuna i

quantity of1 rrdryrr shot.

SPECIES TROLLEDHours No. of

Month/Yr Area Steamed/ Days School s Mackerel

Trol I ed Sighted TunaSouthern Northern Yel I owfin Skipjack

Bl uefi n Bl uefi n

ffi 1 o 1 o o

B 40.0122 .5

4 . 5

3 1 21 1 5 4

1 0

4

0

24

0

000

00

f f i o 2 o 1 o

ffi o 16 o 1 4

lr"ii'- e rri.so 13 -J3

o 13 o o 3

143.84 1r t

ffil 't I 15 78

2 0 . 5 22 1 3 . 8 4 2 4

BcD

34.50 3 2215.25 2 25

3 8 . 2 s 4 21 5 . 0 0 2 0

9

. 2

000

000

332530

5

1

0

B

D

1 7 . 7 525.5896.0020.33

3

3

1 7

200

11 021

000

0000

05

11

2

6

TOTALS 1,5s7.34 162 443 103 36 8 118 250

Note:

2 2 -

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rr'0 €€'o sts o5z 8rr 8 9€ €0r sz'o €fi z9r qg'zss'!

€0'0 60'0

r.l'0 rs'o

s0'0 €z'0

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f€'0 z6'0

0n L z 0 t€0

082 rLz rs r € nt

96LZnS0€9

t598ZZZ9t

8ts€€000r

8Z Ln 0S'89t

96r L9 r6',Ln9

tll 9€ 98'90{r

55 I €8'r8

6€ S 9Z'29

90'0

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st'0

0

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'oN03'l10ut sr tt3ds

v38V 18 - Sl'tn$U Htlvt l0 lUVHl,'tnS(q) r 3'r€v1

TABLE 2

Year1983 L984

Month

No. vessers No. vesselslandingkq landing kq

feb

March

uay

June

July

August

Nov

Dec

NF

NF

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2 L , A 9 3

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3A ,962

4 0 , 2 4 i

556

NF

NF

NF**

NF

NA'

NA

NF

NF

NF

NF

NF

NF

1

1 6

I

L 7

lat

1 9

1 3

NF

NF

6 9 3

1 n 1 r o

2 t 7 7 7

1 5 , 8 6 4

20,264

63 ,069

r '7 ,443

4 , 2 9 r

NF

NF

1 3 4 , 0 3 1 L 3 4 , 9 3 4

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