Engineering Challenges

in the Philippines

Beyond 2010: Leadership for the Next Generation

A UP Academic Congress To Challenge our Next Leaders

Rowena Cristina L. Guevara

Malcolm Hall, February 3, 2010

Definition of Terms

Science uncovers new things about the physical world

Technology applies science to meet a need

Engineering is the formal use of both scientific and technological principles to achieve a planned result based upon empirical experience

Synergy of S&T and Engineering

2 Types of Engineers

Dynamic Engineers – capable of high-level

problem solving using scientific

knowledge; can lead innovation

Transactional Engineers – typically

responsible for rote and repetitive tasks in

the workforce; possess engineering

fundamental

The Challenges

• Sustainable Environment

• Energy Security

• Global Competitiveness

Sustainable Mining

• The Philippines is the 2nd most endowed country

after Africa (for every sqm that we dig, 2nd most

amount of valuable metal content)

• Estimated 7B tons of metallic minerals and 51B

tons of non- metallic minerals

• Investment inflow from $840M in 2006 to $1.4B

in 2007, $1B in 2008; it is projected that mining

will be a $13B industry in 2013

Top 10 Megacities

Rank Megacity Country Continent PopulationAnnual

Growth

1 Tokyo Japan Asia 33,800,000 0.60%

2 Seoul South Korea Asia 23,900,000 1.40%

3 Mexico City MexicoNorth

America22,900,000 2.00%

4 Delhi India Asia 22,400,000 4.60%

5 Mumbai India Asia 22,300,000 2.90%

6New York

CityUSA

North

America21,900,000 0.30%

7 São Paulo BrazilSouth

America21,000,000 1.40%

8 Manila Philippines Asia 19,200,000 2.50%

9 Los Angeles USANorth

America18,000,000 1.10%

10 Shanghai China Asia 17,900,000 2.20%

From Wikipedia

Energy Security

• EPIRA

• 2nd highest electricity cost in Asia

• Opportunities in Biofuels & Renewable

Energy

Initiatives: ELI

Barriers & Drivers

Efficient Lighting Initiative – Philippines

Chulalongkorn University (CU); Faculty of Engineering, Center

of Excellence in Electrical Power Technology (CEPT), Bangkok,

Thailand

Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Helsinki, Finland

Lichttechnisches Institut (LTI), University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe,

Germany

University of the Philippines Diliman: College of Engineering

& National Engineering Centre (NEC), Quezon City, Philippines

Institute of Engineering Physics (IEP), Hanoi University of

Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

Efficient Lighting Management Curricula

for ASEAN (ELMCA)Contract No.: TH/Asia-Link/013 (141-236)

11

ITES versus Real IT (from Dr. Paco Sandejas)

Raised $75.4 M Raised $79 M Raised $40.2 M

Mkt Cap: $355 M Mkt Cap: $1.1B Mkt Cap: $130.7 B

Qtr Rev: $26 M Qtr Rev: $57 M Qtr Rev: $2.46 B

• IPO on the same year - 2004

• Tech companies returned

HIGHER VALUE to investors

• Importance of R&D

• SIRF spent: $39 M (2005)

• GOOG spent: $484 M

(2005)

• Tech = risky but more rewards

• More productive too

Est. Oct 1998 Est. Feb 1995 Est. Sep 1998

Annualized Rev/Employee ($ thousands)

$25

$646

$1,730

$- $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000

PSPT

SIRF

GOOG

The Problem: Large gap between UNESCO Benchmarks and Philippine situation

Developing Countries: 3.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Indonesia

Japan

Korea

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Vietnam

Comparison of RSEs per 10,000 population

(2005, UNESCO Institute for Statistics)

The Problem: Large gap between UNESCO Benchmarks and Philippine situation

UNESCO Benchmark: 1.0

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Indonesia

Japan

Korea

Malaysia

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Vietnam

Comparison of Expenditure on R&D as % of GDP

(2005, UNESCO Institute for Statistics)

State of Engineering Education in the Philippines

• 1538 of the 1713 HEIs are privately owned

dependence on tuition shy away from R&D

• 53,487 graduates of engineering each year, only 11,700

pass the government’s licensure exams

• Each time we produce 1 MS graduate, Vietnam produces

6, Thailand produces 25 and Singapore produces 200

• State of education low value-added activities in industry

low economic contribution

A Broken Circle

Technology-based

investors

High-value-added

activities

Economic Growth

Completing the Circle

Technology-based

investors

High-value-added

activities

Economic Growth

Technology-based

investors

High-value-added

activities

Economic Growth

MS & PhD Engineers

Government Intervention

Faculty Scholars

Critical Mass

Engineering R&D for Technology

(ERDT)

We need engineers with advanced

degrees to make S&T work for Filipinos:

from disaster mitigation to poverty

alleviation, from agriculture to

semiconductor industries; ensure a

sustainable environment and affordable

energy for the future; produce indigenous

technologies to better our lives

ERDT Consortium

University of the Philippines Diliman

De La Salle University

Mapúa Institute of Technology

Ateneo de Manila University

Mindanao State University Iligan

University of San Carlos

Central Luzon State University

University of the Philippines Los Baños

Objectives of the ERDT

Attainment of a critical mass of MS and PhD graduates (RSE’s) for the academe, government and industry, in support of NSTP and MTDP

Upgrade the graduate academic and R&D programs of HEIs and cultivating a culture of R&D in the Philippines

The ERDT is an

INVESTMENT FOR

GLOBAL

COMPETITIVENESS

Energy

Environment & Infrastructure

Information & Communications Technology

Semiconductor & Electronics

1. R&D Thrusts(Social relevance & Impact to Economy)

Renewable Energy

Development of wind, solar, and hydro systems into technologies appropriate for the country

Bio-Fuels

Align with natural

and global thrusts

for clean viable

energy while

reducing

dependence on

imported petroleum

Energy Demand Side

Management

“Energy not used is a

resource in itself.

Energy that is wasted

should not have been

produced at all.”

Coal Energy

Optimize the value

of our country’s

natural coal

resources by

improving its

properties and

maximizing usage

ENERGY TRACK

DRINK

Drinking

water in every

home

GRASS

Green

affordable

shelter

systems

ITS

Intelligent

transport

system

CLEAN MINE

Clean mining

technologies

TAMER

Tactical

alert maps

of

environmen

tal risks

MARINE

Marine

Technologies

Environment & Infrastructure Track

Environment

•WSN for

Monitoring

•Early Warning

Systems

•Computational

Environmental

Models

Education

•Thin Clients

•Low-cost

Connectivity

•e-Learning &

Usability

Design

•Smart

Classrooms

Health

•Telemedicine

•Medical &

Health

Informatics

•Systems

Biology

Modeling

Logistics &

Business

•Inventory &

Tracking

Systems

•Business

Intelligence

Software

Media

•Multimedia

Appliances &

Apps

•Platforms for

Media

Exchange

Context- Based Systems

Computational Modeling

Data Mining & Warehousing

Heuristic Algorithms

Intelligent Systems

Security Protocols

Web Semantics &

Distributed Systems

Wireless Networks

Biometrics &

Bioelectronics

RFID

Signal & Image

Processing

Sensor Networks

Information & Communications Technology Track

Chip Design

• System-on-Chip

(SoC)

• RF CMOS

• Low power RISC

• Mixed Signal

Design

High-Value

Added

Materials

• Dielectrics

• Nanomaterials

• Biodegradable

polymers

• Metallization

materials

• Functional

materials

• Plasma-

modified

polymers

Failure

Analysis and

Testing

• Mechanical

Failures

• Electrical Failures

• Corrosion

• Wettability/

Adhesion

• Characterization

• Instrumentation

• Test protocols

Manufacturing

• Assembly

• Packaging

• Support

Processes

Electronics

Products

• ASIC and

Interface

Modules

•Embedded

Antenna

•High-speed

PCB

Semiconductor & Electronics Track

2. Effect of Full Implementation of ERDT

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

S1

0

100

200

300

400

500

Year

RSEs

HRD Projection

UP

only

ERDT

UNESCO

Benchmark

Cost per year starting 2011 – P500M

2006 2016

Depts PhD MS BS Total PhD MS BS Total

CE 10 6 1 17 23 6 1 30

ChE 10 4 6 20 18 5 0 23

CS 6 9 5 20 20 20 6 46

EEE 7 19 6 32 23 24 0 47

ES 4 10 6 20 15 10 0 25

GE 3 4 8 15 8 14 0 22

IE 3 8 4 15 14 16 1 31

ME 5 6 3 14 7 11 1 19

MMM 3 5 7 15 14 7 0 21

Total 51 71 46 168 142 113 9 264

% 30% 42% 27% 100% 54% 43% 3% 100%

2006 PhD

MS

BS

2016 PhD

MS

BS

3. Faculty Development of UP COE

Total Cost P632M

4. Infrastructure for R&D

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2009

2010

2010

2010

2010

2011

2012

2012

Year

Re

sea

rch

sp

ace

, sq

m

UP EEEI Building UP ICE Building

UP MMME Building

4. Infrastructure for R&D

UP E&E Building

UP ChE Building

UP IE/ME Building

4. Infrastructure for R&D

A Bleak Scenario(The next ten years without ERDT)

• Vietnam and China will overtake the

Philippines in terms of low value-added

activities

• The top export of the country, semiconductor

electronics, and the largest potential of the

country, ICT, will stagnate

• The Philippines will continue to be a

technology consumer

A Promising Scenario(Full implementation of ERDT in the next 10 years)

• High-value added activities will increase and

redound to economic growth

• The country will attract more investments in

knowledge-based industries

• Culture of research will proliferate in local

Universities and indigenous technologies will

sprout

Engineering Research & Development for Technology

(ERDT) Consortium

Status of Scholarships and Research Projects under DOST

Engineering Research and

Development for Technology

(ERDT) Scholars

Enrolled in ERDT

ConsortiumPhD

Abroad

MS

Graduates Total

Degree Program MS Ph.D16 29 403

TOTAL 303 55

Overall Scholarship Target (2008-2011) Percentage CompletedMS 596 305 / 596 = 55.7%PhD 112 55 / 112 = 49.11%

Total Submitted Research Projects Number Amount (Php)

Year 1 146 1,211,799,367.06

Year 2 128 544,841,881.00

Total DOST-Approved Projects

Year 1 21 198,364,328.35

Year 2 (Mar 1 – Nov 31, 2009) 8 41,073,477

Engineering Challenges

in the Philippines

Beyond 2010: Leadership for the Next Generation

A UP Academic Congress To Challenge our Next Leaders

Rowena Cristina L. Guevara

Malcolm Hall, February 3, 2010