09 f smeets
TRANSCRIPT
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4TH MERIAL FORUM
HAVE WE GOT PCVD &
SWINE INFLUENZA UNDER
CONTROL?
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PCVD session 3
Moderator: Dr Thaïs Vila
• PCVD in 2012: a special focus on sub clinical forms, Pr. J. Segalés
• CIRCOVAC piglet vaccination: successful field experience in Spain, Dr A. Finestra
• PCVD control in 2012: how to design the best PCV2 vaccination programme? Drs F. Smeets & G. Perreul
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How to choose the best PCV2 vaccination plan?
Dr Frédéric SMEETS, SELAS « La Hunaudaye »
Dr Jean-Bernard HERIN, Merial France
Dr Guillaume PERREUL, Merial France
Dr Benoit BOIVENT, Merial France
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The team…
• Frédéric works as veterinarian
• for pig farmers members of the most important French cooperative
• 5,7 millions pigs sold/year (24% of national production)
• French technical and marketing Merial team
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THE question
« How to choose the best PCV2 vaccination programme ?»
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Why this question?
• PCV2 is ubiquitous and the disease has changed:
– from PMWS to chronic and sub-clinical forms
– great variability of clinical signs
• Bad acclimatization of gilts
• Reproductive disorders
• Piglet heterogeneity
• Moderate mortality rate
• 3 major potential PCV2 vaccination programmes:
– Sow vaccination
– Piglet vaccination
– Sow and piglet vaccination
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Agenda
• PCV2 vaccination programme project: objectives
• Validation of PCV2 antibodies in oral fluids
– Aim of the study
– Material and methods
– Results
• Conclusions and perspectives
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Objectives of the project
• To provide the appropriate tool to choose the best PCV2 vaccination programme
• Global approach including
– Farm parameters:
• Farm characteristics (size, buildings, manpower…),
• Farm management,
• Expectations from the farmer
– Technico economic performance
– Health status
• PCV2 epidemiology in the farm
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Assessment of PCV2 infection dynamics
• Different tools available
– PCV2 antibodies profile (serology)
– PCV2 DNA copy profiles (PCR)
• Need for a reliable, convenient and affordable method for sampling
– antibodies in oral fluids: already used for other pathogens
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Oral fluid sampling
• SANI TEST (diagnostic kit) all the material for oral fluids sampling
• A piece of rope
• Plastic bags
• Gloves
• Test tubes
• Procedure of sampling
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Agenda
• PCV2 vaccination programme project: objectives
• Validation of PCV2 antibodies in oral fluids
– Aim of the study
– Material and methods
– Results
• Conclusions and perspectives
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Aim of the study
• To evaluate PCV2 infection dynamics in sows and piglets using an innovative, easy and economic tool
• By validating the use of oral fluids in comparison with serum for the detection of PCV2 antibodies
– Is SANI TEST a good method to collect saliva?
• Piglet behaviour: do they chew correctly the rope?
• How many ropes per pen are needed?
– Is SANI TEST a suitable method to detect PCV2 antibodies?
• Is there a good correlation between oral fluid and serum?
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Materials and methods: the farms
• 7 farrow to finish farms:
– clinical signs related to PCV2 (4 herds), or NOT
– vaccinated (3 herds with PCV2 piglet vaccination only) or NOT
– located in Western part of France, variable pig density areas
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Sampling per farm
• 16 SERA – from 4 parities groups :
• 4 gilts in quarantine for less than 2 weeks
• 4 sows parity 1
• 4 sows parity 2
• 4 sows parity > 4
– 5 ORAL FLUIDS: 1/ group, 5 groups of age:
• 4 weeks old
• 8-10 weeks old
• 12-14 weeks old
• 16-18 weeks old
• > 20 weeks old
– SERA: all the piglets which are likely to chew, were blood sampled
1 oral fluid 1 pool of all the
sera
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Laboratory analysis
• Sera of sows were analysed individually
• Sera of pigs were pooled by age
• Oral fluids were pooled by pen
• ELISA PCV2:
– Quantitative results for sera
– Semi quantitative method for oral fluids (+) to (+++++)
• PCV2 antibodies in sera and oral fluids were compared using a linear regression test
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Is SANI TEST a correct method to collect oral fluids?
The proof in pictures
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Video (extract for 30 sec’)
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Did all the pigs chew the rope?
Chewing is representative of all the pigs in the pen tested!
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A too long rope
=
It will be dirty at the bottom
A diameter less than 12mm
for weaned piglets
To make noise
when they are chewing
To leave the rope for 30 minutes
A rope for 8 pigs
A strong knot
A rope at level (snout)
The best place to put the rope =
the door of the box
Adapted diameter
Change your gloves
When you squeeze the rope
Yes
No
Oral fluid sampling: procedure
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1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Collecting the oral fluid A strong knot
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Oral fluids need to be kept at cold T°
Because oral fluids contain:
• Enzymes • Dust • Food • Inhibitors • AND Immunoglobulins like
• IgA: protected by a secretion piece • IgG: they are the ones we want to detect them
•Take care with 3 steps:
• Transport from farm to vet office (+4°C +8°C) • Storage in your office ( - 20°C) • Transport from office to laboratory (ice)
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If you do not take care…
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Results: farm 1 to 4 ORAL
FLUIDS Blood
sample
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Results: farm 5 to 7
• Il y a les mêmes graphes à la page d’avant
• Sont-ils par vaccinés et non vaccinés?
ORAL FLUIDS
Blood sample
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Results
• Good correlation between sera and oral fluids PCV2 antibodies titres – 90.8% (r²=0.908)
• No difference in the sensitivity of both methods – McNemar test: p=0.174
• Same profiles with sera and oral fluids
• Different profiles according to the farm – PCV2 vaccinated or not
– Clinical signs
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Conclusion
• Detection of antibodies in oral fluids:
– an innovative method
– YES, it works!
• Next step: • To give the best recommendation for PCV2 vaccination
program according to this profile and characteristics of the farm (health status, clinical signs and risk factors, technico economic performance)
• Further investigations are still needed
– Large scale field study on going
• This is the first episode of the story…
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What do you prefer? Chewing or blood sampling?
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Thanks for your attention!