09/03/2004/apinya/kmuttarc354site analysis factors 1 site analysis factors influencing site planning...

09/03/2004 /Apinya/KMUTTarc354site analysis factors

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Site analysisSite analysisFactors influencing site planningFactors influencing site planning

What is each factor?How important it is?How does it influence on Site Planning?Where to get the information?What is the typical questions should be concerned?


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Site selectionSite selection

For every site there is an ideal use, For every use there is an ideal site.

Suitable site for suitable program– The matching of a given program for a project (…school,

resort) with a suitable site is a function of site analysis– Site selection is determined by a comparative analysis of

several available sites for the same determined program to see which site can best fit the requirements.


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Factors influencing site planningFactors influencing site planning

1. Natural factors : Geology and soil, topography, habitat, microclimate, Hydrology

The categories of data and its interpretation is related to the proposed project. The level of detail depends on the nature of the program --how simple or complex and the type of site --rural or urban

2. Man-made factors : existing uses, man-made features, legal regulations and historical associations.

3. Aesthetic factors : visual qualities and relationship.


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Natural factors:Landscape diversityNatural factors:Landscape diversity

Landscape diversity or landscape characters– Hot-dry Desert-like Region, low moisture, salt lake

s or flats– Cold region, snow half of the year or more, high m

ountain.– Cool-temperate Region, seasonal change, topogra

phic scenic - - marine, plain, pastoral, mountainous areas.

– Tropical rain Hot- humid Region


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Natural Natural factors:Landscape factors:Landscape diversitydiversity


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Natural factors:Landscape diversityNatural factors:Landscape diversity


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Natural factors: GeologyNatural factors: Geology

Geomorphology : the geology dealing with the origin and

nature of landform with emphasis on erosional process.

Physiography : the description of landform.

Bedrock: is consolidated rock material lying at various

depths below all points of earth surface.

Geologic map

The important of geologic information

where to get the information (sources of data)


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Geologic base: The depth and type of rock below

the soil’s surface are significant factors for site

development, to answer the question of its

specification as a foundation base.


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Typical questions:

– 1. Which kind. What type of bedrock in which area?

– 2. How deep is the bedrock?

– 3. Is mass movement of land surface likely to occur?

• Tectonic: the movement caused along earth fault

line, often accompanying earthquakes.

• Surficial process: surface material - mass

movement caused by the force of gravity and

unstable land such as area of fill or ledge.



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Natural factors: TopographyNatural factors: Topography

Landform

topographic map and interpretation

Slope analysis

The constraint and opportunity of landform

where to get the information


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Topographic mapTopographic map

.Locations

natural features

man-made features

elevation and relieves

vegetation

hydrographic, water body

roads, buildings

contour lineExample of a U.S.Geological Survey map.Source: A Guide to Site Planning and Landscape Construction

Information provided in

topographic map.


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RTSD map: RTSD map: Royal Thai Survey DepartmentRoyal Thai Survey Department


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Slope analysisSlope analysis Slope analysis is

the tool to indicate

each portion of

land with percent

slope to see the

potential in

developing each

part for suitable

use.

steep slope district: undisturbed natural slope with greater than 25% grade, or precautionary slopes is 15-25% grade


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Typical questions:

1. Contour interval, pattern of landform

2. Natural drainage pattern

3. Unique features

4. Slope analysis and percent slope.

5. Site danger signal.

Slope analysisSlope analysis


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Slope analysisSlope analysis


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Hydrological circle

surface and subsurface water

Sensitive landscape character

floodplain

where to get the information : Hydrographic

service department, harbor department

Natural factors:HydrologyNatural factors:Hydrology


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Hydrological circleHydrological circle

Hydrological circle– Surface water :

• existing drainage

pattern

• water body - -

pond, lake, wetland

– subsurface water :

• Aquifer

• Aquifer recharge

areas


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23/Apinya/KMUTTarc354site analysis factors

09/03/2004

Floodplains: Flood circle is the natural process which should be recorded as hydrological data affecting directly to the planning of that site


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Hydrological circleHydrological circle


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Typical questions

– 1. Drainage pattern and major water channel

– 2. Unique feature and size such as water

body

– 3. Aquifer and recharge area, the depth of

rise and fall 0f water table

– 4. Floodplain of 50 and 100 year storms.

– 5. What pattern, quantity and quality will be

affected by the design



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Soil classification

soil survey data

the important of soil information

where to get the information: Department of

underground resources, Boring test and results

analysis from agricultural department

Natural factors:soilNatural factors:soil


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Soil classificationsSoil classifications Soil classification:

general soil type based

on soil texture. The

triangle indicates the

relative proportions of

three particle sizes --

sand, silt and clay.

Key words for soil

characteristics-- Soil

texture, soil porosity,

Soil chemistry, soil

moisture


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Soil mapSoil map

Soil survey data and the

important of soil

informationrelated to building

construction and basement

related to water supply and

septic system

related to functions of land

use planning

related to vegetation and

wildlife habitat.


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Typical questions:

1. Which kind and what depth for engineering and plant value?

2. Chemical property of soil for engineering and plant value?

3. How deep is the water table and how much it fluctuates?

Natural factors:soilNatural factors:soil


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Landscape ecology

the important

mapping the existing habitat

movement pattern

where to get the information

Natural factors: vegetation and Natural factors: vegetation and wildlifewildlife


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Vegetation mapVegetation map Vegetation map or

existing trees map

Existing mature

trees with 7-10 cm.

Or more in caliper.

Existing plant

groups which is

important to

preserve the

ecology and

landscape

character


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Vegetation mapVegetation map Vegetation map or

existing trees map

Existing mature

trees with 7-10 cm.

Or more in caliper.

Existing plant

groups which is

important to

preserve the

ecology and

landscape

character


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Evidence of life form pattern of movement



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Wetland species include birds and mammals needing habitats with (a) wetland food plants or wild herbaceous plants of moist to wet site, exclusive of submerged or floating aquatic plants.


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Climate : region

temperature

micro-climate

• WIND VOLOCITY

• PRECIPITATION RATE

• TEMPERATURE

• HUMIDITY

where to get the information: Department of

Meteorology

Natural factors:climateNatural factors:climate


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Climate: RegionClimate: Regioncold

Cold-temperate

Hot-arid

Hot-humid


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Climate and how to create micro-Climate and how to create micro-climateclimate

The Alhambra is the example of how architecture in hot-arid area can create inside micro-climate suitable for human-comfort by using pool and fountain in the courtyard


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ExampleExample

The microclimate study of Woodland New Community, Texas for the site planning and energy conservation design of the building

The site planning proposal for Woodlands New Community which follow the energy conservation and fit to the site natural environment (WMRT architects&planner)


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Example of Example of useuse

•.Harvey M. Rubenstein ,A guide to Site Planning and Landscape Construction page 18-69, (John Wiley & Son, inc. N.Y.1996)


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Example of useExample of use


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Man-made factors: land useMan-made factors: land use

Existing land use on-site, 0ff-site

the potential of change

color symbol of land use

facilities or site amenity


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Site surroundingSite surrounding

Aerial

photograph

overall view of

the site

site

surrounding

and its fabric


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Potential of changePotential of changeTransformation of agricultural landscape pattern to a suburban housing pattern . The road network is the primary organizing structure. Streams has largely been channeled, straightened or eliminated(Courtesy of USDA Soil Conservation Service)


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Road cut through undisturbed forest changes the landscape character, disturbs natural environment and has a tendency for a lot of development along road sides

Potential of Potential of changechange


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FacilitiesFacilities

The map shown facilities’ location of Bronx Community, also shown the recreation facilities such as parks and Zoo in the site extend

Public school

Social service

Hospital

Fire station

Library, Post office


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Linkage and movement pattern

communication

circulation system :

accessibility

potential of change

Man-made factors: circulationMan-made factors: circulation


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Street systemStreet system The street system of Philadelphia

1960 and New town Risender 1972


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Street Street CapacityCapacity


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The comparison between mass transit and private car

The number of people in one hour between each type of transportation


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Potential of Potential of changechange

The escalated Highway project which runs through the city center usually rejected by the community such as in Philadelphia, Chicago and San Francisco


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Density : F.A.R

Zoning district

Set back, fire lane and other regulation

Parking schedule

Man-made factors: Law and Man-made factors: Law and regulationregulation


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FAR is one of the density

control device, FAR is a term

the zoning ordinance will use

to quantify and limit the

amount of square footage of

building area as a function of

the building site

F.A.R.=1/2

One-story bldg. Two-story bldg.

Man-made factors:Man-made factors:Law and Law and regulationregulation

Site area

Floor area ratio(FAR)= building area


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Zoning setback and height limits-- these minimums and maximums provide the basis for the maximum building envelope on the site.

Law and Law and regulationregulation


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Aesthetic factors: Visual qualityAesthetic factors: Visual quality

•Landscape special character

•Spatial pattern of the site

•Visual quality and character

•Visual disturbance


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Natural features

Urban features

Visual value/

characters– vista

– panoramic view

– visual channel

– framed view/ filter view

– point of interest

Aesthetic factors:Aesthetic factors: Landscape special Landscape special charactercharacter

Rocky outcrops


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Aesthetic Aesthetic factors:factors:

Natural view

Urban view


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Aesthetic factors:Aesthetic factors: visual charactervisual character

Vista Panoramic view

Framed view Filtered view


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Visual disturbance

Aesthetic factors:Aesthetic factors:


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Off-site conditionOff-site condition

Site extend, site surrounding and network which also related to off-site land uses and quality. The off-site condition analysis must concern both existing and potential change.


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On-site conditionOn-site condition

•Site quality and quantity•Character and quality of existing analysis will be effected by design


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Site evaluation.Site evaluation.

Both on-site and off-site condition of the site, every factors related must be evaluated which will lead to site analysis and suitability map of the site.


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Recommended reading Recommended reading • .Robinstein, Harvey M., A Guide to Site and Environmental

Planning , (Prentice Hall P T R, Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ. 07632)• .Harvey M. Rubenstein ,A guide to Site Planning and

Landscape Construction page 18-69, (John Wiley & Son, inc. N.Y.1996)

• .John Ormsbee Simonds, Landscape Architecture, (Mcgraw-Hill 1997)

•. รองศาสตราจารย์ เดชา บุ�ญค้ำ��า, การวางผั�งบรเวณ หน้�า7-29, เอกสารประกอบุการสอน้ ภาค้ำวิ�ชาภ�มิ�สถาป ตย์กรรมิจ�ฬาลงกรณ์มิหาวิ�ทย์าล%ย์

• .Michael Laurie, An Introduction to LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, page 132-151

• .Kevin Lynch, SITE PLANNING• Theodore D. Walker, PLAN GRAPHICS.

09/03/2004/apinya/kmuttarc354site analysis factors 1 site analysis factors influencing site planning...

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