1 1 abnormal psychology canadian edition gerald c. davison john m. neale kirk r. blankstein gordon...

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Abnormal PsychologyCanadian Edition

Gerald C. Davison

John M. Neale

Kirk R. Blankstein

Gordon L. Flett

Gerald C. Davison

John M. Neale

Kirk R. Blankstein

Gordon L. Flett

Prepared by Richard A. DavisPrepared by Richard A. Davis

PowerPoint Presentations to Accompany

Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.

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chapter 15chapter 15

Disorders of Childhood

Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd.

Copyright 2002 by John Wiley and Sons Canada, Ltd. 33

Disorders of Undercontrolled Behaviour

• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

• Conduct disorder


Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

• Symptoms– Fidgets– Difficulty remaining seated– Easily distracted– Difficulty waiting turn– Blurts out answers– Difficulty following instructions– Difficulty sustaining attention



• Symptoms– Shifts from one uncompleted task to another– Difficulty playing quietly– Talks excessively– Interrupts others– Doesn’t seem to listen– Loses things needed for tasks– Engages in physically dangerous activities



• ADHD in the DSM-IV– Children whose problems are primarily those

of poor attention– Children whose difficulties result primarily

from hyperactive-impulsive behaviour– Children who have both sets of problems



• Biological theories of ADHD– Genetic factors– Environmental toxins

• Psychological theories of ADHD

• Treatment of ADHD– Stimulant drugs– Psychological treatment


Conduct Disorder

• Conduct Disorder– Behaviours that violate the basic rights of

others and major societal norms– Behaviour is illegal

• Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)– Loses temper, argues with adults, refuses to

comply– Angry, spiteful, touchy, vindictive


Conduct Disorder

• Etiology of conduct disorder– Biological factors– Psychological factors– Sociological factors

• Treatment of conduct disorder– Family interventions– Multisystemic treatment


Learning Disabilities

• Learning disorders

• Communication disorders

• Motor skills disorders


Learning Disorders

• Reading disorder (dyslexia)– Difficulty with word recognition

• Disorder of written expression– Impairment in the ability to compose written

word

• Mathematics disorder– Difficulty recalling arithmetic facts, counting,

or aligning numbers in columns


Communication Disorders

• Expressive language disorder– Difficulty expressing oneself in speech

• Phonological disorder– Difficulty with articulation

• Stuttering– Disturbance in verbal fluency


Motor Skills Disorder

• Motor skills disorder– Developmental coordination disorder– Impairment in the development of motor

coordination


Mental Retardation

• Traditional criteria – Intelligence test scores– Adaptive functioning– Age of onset

• Classification– Mild mental retardation– Moderate mental retardation– Severe mental retardation– Profound mental retardation


Etiology of Mental Retardation

• No identifiable etiology• Known biological etiology

– Genetic or chromosomal anomalies• Down syndrome• Fragile X syndrome

– Recessive-gene diseases• Phenylketonuria (PKU)• Infectious diseases

– Accidents– Environmental hazards


Prevention and Treatment of Mental Retardation

• Environmental interventions and enrichment programs

• Residential treatment• Behavioural interventions based on operant

conditioning– Applied behaviour analysis (ABA)

• Cognitive interventions– Self-instructional training

• Computer-assisted instruction


Autistic Disorder

• Autistic disorder– Pervasive developmental disorder– Rett’s disorder– Asperger’s disorder

• Autism and mental retardation

• Extreme autistic aloneness


Autistic Disorder

• Communication deficits– Echolalia– Pronoun reversal

• Obsessive-compulsive and ritualistic acts

• Prognosis for autistic disorder


Etiology of Autistic Disorder

• Psychological bases– Psychoanalytic theories– Behavioural theory– Evolution of psychological theories of

autistic disorder

• Biological bases– Genetic factors– Neurological factors


Treatment of Autistic Disorder

• Special problems in treating children with autism

• Behavioural treatment of children with autism• Psychodynamic treatment of children with

autism• Drug treatment of children with autism


Disorders of Overcontrolled Behaviour

• Childhood fears and anxiety disorders• Separation anxiety

– Unrealistic concern about separation

• School phobia– Refusal to go to school

• Social phobia– Intense anxiety in specific social situations– Selective mutism


Depression in Childhood and Adolescence

• Symptoms and prevalence– Masked depression

• Etiology

• Treatment

• Prevention

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End of chapter 15End of chapter 15

Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by CANCOPY (Canadian Reprography Collective) is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his / her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The author and the publisher assume no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.

1 1 abnormal psychology canadian edition gerald c. davison john m. neale kirk r. blankstein gordon...

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conduct disorder behaviours

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