1 1: inter-act, 13 th edition orientation orientation
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1: Inter-Act, 131: Inter-Act, 13thth Edition Edition
OrientationOrientation OrientationOrientation
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Interpersonal Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication
The complex process through which people express, interpret, and
coordinate messages in order to create shared meaning, meet social goals,
manage personal identity, and carry out relationships
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Purposes of Interpersonal Purposes of Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication
• Share meaning
• Meet social goals
• Manage our personal identity
• Conduct our relationships
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Interpersonal Interpersonal Communication ProcessCommunication Process
• Process: Process: systematic series of actions that leads to an outcome
• Message production: Message production: actions you perform to send a message
• Message interpretation: Message interpretation: activities performed to understand intended meaning
• Interaction coordination: Interaction coordination: activities performed to adjust behavior to partner
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Message Message – a performance that uses words, sentences, and/or nonverbal behaviors to convey the thoughts, feelings, and intentions of the speaker
Canned Plan Canned Plan – mental library of scripts
Script Script – text that instructs you what to say in a specific situation
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The Communication Setting The Communication Setting
• Physical Context – where communication takes place, the environment, the distance between participants, seating, time of day
• Social Context – the nature of the relationship • Historical Context – the background of
previous communication• Psychological Context – moods & feelings• Cultural Context – beliefs, values, attitudes,
meanings, social hierarchies, religion, notion of time, and roles of the participants
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• External noise – the sights, sounds, and other stimuli that draw people’s attention away from intended meaning
• Internal noise – the thoughts and feelings that interfere with meaning
• Semantic noise – distractions caused by the speaker’s words that interfere with meaning
Noise
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Social Media ContextSocial Media Context
• Social Media: technologies that facilitate communication and interaction
• Digital communication: electronic transmission of digitally encoded information
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Social NetworkSocial Network
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Traits of Social Media TechnologyTraits of Social Media Technology
• Facilitates social interactivity
• Takes time to send and receive messages (temporal structure)
• Lacks social cues
• Can be stored and replicated
• Potentially reaches a large audience
• Allows mobility
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Principles of Interpersonal Principles of Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication
• Is continuous
• Is transactional
• Is irreversible
• Is situated
• Is indexical
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Communication Is Communication Is ContinuousContinuous
• Interpersonal communication can be verbal or nonverbal. Therefore, we are always sending messages to others—whether we are aware of it or not!
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Communication Is Communication Is TransactionalTransactional
• Each person gives and receives messages, feedback.
• Each person gets needs met and helps others satisfy needs.
• Each person is changed with each interaction.
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Communication Is Communication Is IrreversibleIrreversible
Once an exchange has taken place, we can never ignore it, take it back, or pretend it did not occur.
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Communication Is SituatedCommunication Is Situated
• All communication occurs within a communication setting.
• Setting affects how messages are produced, interpreted, and coordinated.
• Meaning is dependent upon the situation.
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Communication Is IndexicalCommunication Is Indexical
• Index (or measure) of the emotional temperature of a relationship
• Trust: the extent to which partners rely on, depend on, and have faith that their partner will not intentionally harm them
• Control: the extent to which each person has power or is “in charge” of the relationship
• Intimacy: degree of emotional closeness, acceptance, and disclosure
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Ethics of Interpersonal Ethics of Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication
“A set of moral principles held by a society, a group, or individual”
1. Truthfulness and honesty2. Integrity3. Fairness4. Respect5. Responsibility6. Empathy
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The Dark SideThe Dark Side
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Bright SideBright SideEthical
Appropriate
Hard Dark SideHard Dark SideEthical
Inappropriate
Evil Dark SideEvil Dark SideUnethical
Inappropriate
Easy Dark SideEasy Dark SideUnethical
Appropriate
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Diversity – Diversity – variations between and among people
• Culture
• Sex
• Age
• Class
• Physical characteristics
• Sexual orientation
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Culture Culture – systems of knowledgeshared by a relatively large groupof people
Culture is a critical concept to communication because “every communicator is a product of his or her culture.”
-Anderson 2000
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Communication Communication CompetenceCompetence
• Increasing communication knowledge
• Increasing communication skills
• Increasing communication motivation
Competence is the impression that communicative behavior is botheffective and appropriate.
Competence can be enhanced by:
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Developing Developing Competence KnowledgeCompetence Knowledge
1. Acquire interpersonal communication knowledge
• Effective messages
• Appropriate messages
2. Emotional Intelligence: ability to monitor your own and others’ emotions
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Developing Developing Competence SkillsCompetence Skills
• Micro communication skills: message templates, “lines”
• Communication skill scripts: mental texts that include micro communication skills
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Developing Competence Developing Competence Motivation Motivation
• Unlearn old ineffective scripts.
• Learn new scripts.
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Behavioral FlexibilityBehavioral Flexibility
1. Make a prediction about appropriate communication.
2. Enact that type of communication.
3. Pay attention to reactions.
4. Either change communication or not.
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Writing Communication Writing Communication Improvement PlansImprovement Plans
• State the problem.
• State the specific goal.
• Outline procedure for reaching the goal.
• Devise a method of determining when
the goal has been reached.