1회 19-2 steve jobs - bill hewlett 각각 성격

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수완실

Checking through my records, I noticed that you were no longer an active customer of Myers Office Supplies. When I called your office, I was informed that your company is now using our competitor from a few counties over.

1회 18 순서

(A) We feature a wide array of legal- and letter-size folders, as well as a variety of color-coded hanging folders. I thought you’d also be interested to know that we’ve established same-day delivery service and overnight billing, features that would really help your business.

(B) Your office manager, John Newman, was refreshingly candid in telling me how Myers fell short of the mark in keeping your business. I’m pleased to tell you that we have set up a whole new line of filing supplies, which Mr. Newman expressed a desperate need for.

(C) These services are not offered by any of our competitors. If you need additional information, please feel free to call. I welcome the opportunity to serve your company once again.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

1회 19-1 밑줄 어법

When Steve Jobs was in the eighth grade he decided to make a frequency counter. ①Lacking the proper parts, the bold twelve-year-old opened the phone book and dialed one of his heroes, Hewlett-Packard CEO Bill Hewlett. Hewlett answered the phone and, amazingly, chatted with Jobs for twenty minutes about his school project. By the end of the call, Hewlett agreed to provide the parts Jobs needed and ②later offered Jobs a summer job at HP, on the frequency counter assembly line! The thing to remember about Steve Jobs, Bill Hewlett, and most other successful people is that they didn’t get to ③where they are without help. In fact, most successful people see ④them as their responsibility and privilege to help the next generation of entrepreneurs, leaders, and innovators in their journey. So if you have access to someone you admire, ⑤be bold. Politely ask for thirty minutes of their time, no matter how “big time” they are, and you might be surprised at the response you receive.

*frequency counter: 주파수 측정기

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1회 19-2 Steve Jobs - Bill Hewlett 각각 성격

When Steve Jobs was in the eighth grade he decided to make a frequency counter. Lacking the proper parts, the bold twelve-year-old opened the phone book and dialed one of his heroes, Hewlett-Packard CEO Bill Hewlett. Hewlett answered the phone and, amazingly, chatted with Jobs for twenty minutes about his school project. By the end of the call, Hewlett agreed to provide the parts Jobs needed and later offered Jobs a summer job at HP, on the frequency counter assembly line! The thing to remember about Steve Jobs, Bill Hewlett, and most other successful people is that they didn’t get to where they are without help. In fact, most successful people see it as their responsibility and privilege to help the next generation of entrepreneurs, leaders, and innovators in their journey. So if you have access to someone you admire, be bold. Politely ask for thirty minutes of their time, no matter how “big time” they are, and you might be surprised at the response you receive.

*frequency counter: 주파수 측정기

① impolite - arrogant② timid - merciless③ courageous - generous④ eccentric - conservative⑤ resolute - idealistic

One morning in the early spring, Papa came in from doing the chores with an empty milk bucket in his hand. He didn’t even say “Good morning” to any of us. This was so unusual that right away Mama knew something was wrong.

1회 20 순서

(A) “Oh, no!” Mama exclaimed. “Not again!” “I can’t understand that old cow,” Papa said, shaking his head. “Just last week I put an extra rail on the pasture fence. It didn’t do any good though. She sailed over it as if it wasn’t even there.”

(B) Turning to me, Papa said, “You’ll have to find her; that’s all there is to it. It’s wild onion time, and if she gets a bellyful of those things, her milk won’t be any good for days. We can’t do without milk and butter.”

(C) From the cook stove where she was making our breakfast, Mama smiled and said, “You’re in such a rush to plant the seeds. Is it going to rain?” “No,” Papa said, in a disgusted voice. “It’s not going to rain. Sally Gooden’s gone again.” Sally Gooden was our crazy old milk cow.


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수완실

The _____(A)_____ pursuit of knowledge can lead to unhappiness, primarily because it is _____(B)_____.

1회 21–1 요약

We always need to ask ourselves, and reflect very carefully about, what we want and why we want it. Knowledge appears to be a good thing, but too much knowledge, or perhaps pursuing that knowledge with too much determination, may very well make our lives pretty miserable. One reason for this is that pursuing knowledge beyond certain limits might be nothing but a fool’s errand. We are somehow assuming that we can know everything, that our minds are powerful enough. But why should we assume that? We are ourselves a work of nature, and if nature is powerful enough to create something that is capable of understanding all its workings, then it must also be powerful enough to conceal things from us. There is no guarantee, and in fact it is very unlikely, that we are actually capable of understanding more than a tiny fraction of the universe.

*fool's errand: 헛수고, 헛고생⇩

(A) (B)① impulsive self-evident② prudent self-evident③ prudent profitless④ unbounded unattainable⑤ unbounded unattainable

1회 21–2 빈칸

We always need to ask ourselves, and reflect very carefully about, what we want and why we want it. Knowledge appears to be a good thing, but too much knowledge, or perhaps pursuing that knowledge with too much determination, may very well make our lives pretty miserable. One reason for this is that pursuing knowledge beyond certain limits might be nothing but a fool’s errand. We are somehow assuming that we can know everything, that our minds are powerful enough. But why should we assume that? We are ourselves a work of nature, and if nature is powerful enough to create something that is capable of understanding all its workings, then it must also be powerful enough to conceal things from us. There is no guarantee, and in fact it is very unlikely, that we are actually capable of ______________________________________________.

*fool's errand: 헛수고, 헛고생

① understanding more than a tiny fraction of the universe② creating machines that can read people's minds ③ having totally different knowledge than previous generations④ achieving sustained development without damaging nature⑤ acquiring a sense of right and wrong through science education

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1회 22-1 빈칸 어휘

Having a dog in the family has many benefits. Looking after a dog properly, however, is a big responsibility, and choosing to get a dog is an important decision. Many dogs live for at least twelve years — longer for smaller dogs — so this is a long-term commitment. All family members will be affected by the _____(A)_____ of a dog, so make this a family decision. Talking about these issues as a family will help you decide who will take primary responsibility for different aspects of the dog’s care. Children will be more committed to looking after the family dog if they have played a role in the decision-making process. Asking children questions such as “What do we need to do so that we can look after a dog?” will help them understand the dog’s needs and the responsibilities of dog _____(B)_____. If you decide not to get a dog, your child will better understand the grounds for the decision and be more likely to accept it.

(A) (B)① presence ownership② presence training③ temperament breeding④ absence feeding⑤ absence adoption

1회 22-2 밑줄 어법

Having a dog in the family has many benefits. Looking after a dog ①properly, however, is a big responsibility, and choosing to get a dog is an important decision. Many dogs live for at least twelve years — longer for smaller dogs — so this is a long-term commitment. All family members will be affected by the presence of a dog, so make this a family decision. Talking about these issues as a family will help you decide ②what will take primary responsibility for different aspects of the dog’s care. Children will be more committed to ③looking after the family dog if they have played a role in the decision-making process. Asking children questions such as “What do we need to do so that we can look after a dog?” will help ④them understand the dog’s needs and the responsibilities of dog ownership. If you decide not to get a dog, your child will better understand the grounds for the decision and be more likely ⑤to accept it.

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수완실

Modern medical technology allows us to keep alive human beings lacking a variety of vital organs, such as the heart or the kidneys.

1회 23–1 순서

(A) Soon, there will be functional artificial lungs and livers, and it is not too much of a stretch of the imagination to suggest that at some time in the future we will be able to sustain the life of a human brain even though its body has been destroyed.

(B) Success in this direction has been achieved with the brains of guinea pigs, and it seems to be only a matter of time before medical science can do the same with the brains of humans.

(C) Such a brain will be supplied with nutrients via a blood substitute, usually an oxygenated solution of various salts. It would no longer be dependent on its former body for life-sustaining functions.

*oxygenate: 산소로 처리하다, 산소와 화합시키다


1회 23–2 선택 어법

Modern medical technology allows us to (A)[keep / be kept] alive human beings lacking a variety of vital organs, such as the heart or the kidneys. Soon, there will be functional artificial lungs and livers, and it is not too (B)[many / much] of a stretch of the imagination to suggest that at some time in the future we will be able to sustain the life of a human brain even though its body has been destroyed. (C)[So / Such] a brain will be supplied with nutrients via a blood substitute, usually an oxygenated solution of various salts, and would no longer be dependent on its former body for life-sustaining functions. Success in this direction has been achieved with the brains of guinea pigs, and it seems to be only a matter of time before medical science can do the same with the brains of humans.

*oxygenate: 산소로 처리하다, 산소와 화합시키다

(A) (B) (C)① keep many So② keep much So③ keep much Such④ be kept much Such⑤ be kept many Such

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1회 24 불일치

Edwardo’s FurnitureVISIT US AND TAKE A TOUR

We invite you to visit us and take a guided woodshop and showroom tour. See first hand how Edwardo’s Furniture is handcrafted by skilled craftsmen. It’s an experience you will always remember!

WHERE ─ Maytown in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. WHEN ─ Woodshop/Showroom tours are available Monday-Friday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. COST ─ There is no charge for the tour and no reservations are required for groups under 10 people. Larger groups should call ahead (1-800-799-1685) and we charge $2.00 per person.

SHOWROOM TOUR The tour concludes with a guided walk-through of our two large furniture showrooms. Our furniture is not sold in furniture stores. We sell directly to our customers from our showrooms. Even if you aren’t thinking about buying furniture, there is absolutely no pressure to buy anything ─ we are just happy to show you what we do.

As a special treat, if requested, we can arrange a visit for the customers to meet the craftsman who is handcrafting their furniture and watch it being made.

① 주말과 저녁 이후 시간은 운영되지 않는다. ② 10명 이상 단체는 예약과 입장료가 필요하다.③ 안내자 인솔 하에 도보 관람을 하게 된다.④ 가구를 구입하는 것을 강요하지 않는다. ⑤ 장인의 가구 제작 과정을 누구나 볼 수 있다.

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수완실

1회 25 일치

Green Share Conference 2015

If you have an interest in the environment, come along to the 2nd Annual Green Share Conference and meet up with like-minded organizations, groups, and individuals.

The conference includes:•National and regional speakers•A range of workshops on a number of environmental themes•Environmental information stands　(Participants wishing to have an information stand or run an activity area should email [email protected].)•Practical interactive sessions and networking opportunities

Ticket Prices:•Organizations with 5 or more members - $40•Organizations with less than 5 members - $30•Volunteers/individuals - $10

Note: Ticket holders will be provided with locally provided buffet lunch and refreshments with no extra charge.

All are welcome to attend — you do not have to be a member of the Green Share Network. Booking is essential — click on the link below:

www.greenshareregister.org

① 매년 2회 열리는 행사다.② 연설 희망자는 이메일 신청을 해야 한다. ③ 회원이 5명인 단체의 참가비는 40$다.④ 추가 비용을 내면 뷔페와 다과가 제공된다.⑤ Green Share Network의 회원은 예약이 불필요하다.

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1회 26 불일치

Age Distribution of the Canadian Farm and Self-employed Workforce in 2011

(그래프 생략)

The above graph shows the age distribution of Canada’s farm operators, self-employed labor force, farm populations (farm operators and their households) and total population in 2011. ① Population under 35 made up the largest portion in both the farm populations and total population. ② However, the same age group showed the lowest percentage than any other age groups in both the farm operators and the self-employed labor force. ③ Meanwhile, the age group of 55 or older, the smallest portion in total population, took up the largest portion in farm operators. ④ Those aged 35 to 54 accounted for about half of the self-employed labor force, but they were less than a third of total population. ⑤ In other words, the section of the self-employed labor force is evenly distributed among age groups, relative to the other ones.

To compensate for this rather glaring defect, a specially selected species of fish called the Large-mouthed Bass was introduced.

1회 27–1 삽입

The Atitlan Giant Grebe was a large, flightless bird that had evolved from the much more widespread and smaller Pied-billed Grebe. By 1965 there were only around 80 birds left on Lake Atitlan. One immediate reason was easy enough to spot: the local human population was cutting down the reed beds (in which the species nested) at a furious rate. This destruction was driven by the needs of a fast growing mat-making industry. But there were other problems. ( ① ) Pan Am, the now-defunct American airline, was intent on developing the lake as a tourist destination for fishermen. ( ② ) However, there was a major problem with this idea; the lake lacked any suitable sporting fish! ( ③ ) The introduced individuals immediately turned their attention to the crabs and small fish that lived in the lake, thus competing with the few remaining grebes for food. ( ④ ) There is also little doubt that they sometimes gobbled up the zebra-striped Atitlan Giant Grebe’s chicks. ( ⑤ )

*defunct: 현존하지 않는 **gobble up: 게걸스레 먹다

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수완실

The Atitlan Giant Grebe was a large, flightless bird that had evolved from the much more widespread and smaller Pied-billed Grebe. By 1965 there were only around 80 birds left on Lake Atitlan.

1회 27-2 순서

(A) The introduced individuals immediately turned their attention to the crabs and small fish that lived in the lake, thus competing with the few remaining grebes for food. There is also little doubt that they sometimes gobbled up the zebra-striped Atitlan Giant Grebe’s chicks.

*gobble up: 게걸스레 먹다

(B) Pan Am, the now-defunct American airline, was intent on developing the lake as a tourist destination for fishermen. However, there was a major problem with this idea; the lake lacked any suitable sporting fish! To compensate for this rather glaring defect, a specially selected species of fish called the Large-mouthed Bass was introduced.

**defunct: 현존하지 않는

(C) One immediate reason was easy enough to spot: the local human population was cutting down the reed beds (in which the species nested) at a furious rate. This destruction was driven by the needs of a fast growing mat-making industry. But there were other problems.


1회 28 무관

A plant-based diet lets the earth breathe easier. The cultivation of crops for direct human consumption is much more efficient than using grains or beans to fatten up farm animals. ① Only a small part of the nutrients that cattle or other animals take in are left in their muscles. ② The rest are used up to power their movements, metabolism, body warmth, and other life functions. ③ This is due to insufficient space for them, so they cannot exercise or interact properly with peers. ④ A few decades ago, Scientific American reported that producing a pound of bacon requires ten times as much crop land (in the form of feed grains) as is used to make the same quantity of artificial bacon from soybeans. ⑤ The cultivation of those feed crops requires land, water, and pesticides and other chemicals that add to our environmental problems.

*metabolism: 신진대사 **pesticide: 살충제

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1회 29–1 연결사

Balconies are generally constructed to support the weight of people, so a few pots are usually not going to be a problem. If you’re worried, though, use lightweight pots, such as plastic liners hidden by woven willow baskets, and site them nearer to the house or over load-bearing supports. _____(A)_____, roof terraces will have been designed to withstand large loads and should have no trouble holding up the number of potted plants you’d expect in an average domestic setting. _____(B)_____, if you’re thinking of more ambitious projects, such as raised beds, or laying soil over the whole roof, it’s a good idea to consult a surveyor or structural engineer first. Obviously, if you’re planning to create an “unofficial” roof terrace — customizing a flat roof that wasn’t built to have people and plants on it — you will need to seek the relevant planning permissions first as well as advice from a structural engineer to find out if the roof will need to be reinforced.

*customize: 사용자의 희망에 맞추다

(A) (B)① Similarly Otherwise② Similarly However③ Hence For instance④ Yet However⑤ Yet Otherwise

1회 29–2 제목

Balconies are generally constructed to support the weight of people, so a few pots are usually not going to be a problem. If you’re worried, though, use lightweight pots, such as plastic liners hidden by woven willow baskets, and site them nearer to the house or over load-bearing supports. Similarly, roof terraces will also have been designed to withstand large loads and should have no trouble holding up the number of potted plants you’d expect in an average domestic setting. However, if you’re thinking of more ambitious projects, such as raised beds, or laying soil over the whole roof, it’s a good idea to consult a surveyor or structural engineer first. Obviously, if you’re planning to create an “unofficial” roof terrace — customizing a flat roof that wasn’t built to have people and plants on it — you will need to seek the relevant planning permissions first as well as advice from a structural engineer to find out if the roof will need to be reinforced.

*customize: 사용자의 희망에 맞추다

① Healthy Food: Don’t Buy, Grow Your Own② How to Make Most of Your Small House③ Guide to Gardens in the Sky④ Watch Out for Balcony Collapse⑤ Balcony Plants As Natural Sun Shade

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수완실

1회 30–1 분위기

It was a cold, clear mountain night. Douglas and Scott were camping in Rocky Mountain National Park. Somewhere around two a.m., they were brought suddenly awake by a cracking sound, and rushed from the tent. Two huge mature bull elks were locked in combat before them and wouldn’t even have noticed if they had crushed a tent or its occupants in the fight. Douglas and Scott stood, trembling, bare feet burning in the new frost, looking in awe at the shadowy beasts clashing beside them. The bulls circled, assessing each other, and then lowered their heads and slammed. Antlers clacked as they locked heads. The two bulls quickstepped their ancient dance by the two campers’ tent, ignoring the world around them. In the end, Douglas and Scott didn’t get crushed, and their tent survived undamaged. But images from that September night fifteen years ago stay clear in their mind. They still remember steam rising from the bulls’ breath in clouds against the dark shadows.

*antler: (사슴의) 가지진 뿔 **clack: 딱딱 소리 나다

① gloomy and desolate ② festive and lively③ chaotic and noisy ④ idle and peaceful⑤ tense and urgent

It was a cold, clear mountain night. Douglas and Scott were camping in Rocky Mountain National Park. Somewhere around two a.m., they were brought suddenly awake by a cracking sound, and rushed from the tent.

1회 30–2 순서

(A) In the end, Douglas and Scott didn’t get crushed, and their tent survived undamaged. But images from that September night fifteen years ago stay clear in their mind. They still remember steam rising from the bulls’ breath in clouds against the dark shadows.

(B) Two huge mature bull elks were locked in combat before them and wouldn’t even have noticed if they had crushed a tent or its occupants in the fight. Douglas and Scott stood, trembling, bare feet burning in the new frost, looking in awe at the shadowy beasts clashing beside them.

(C) The bulls circled, assessing each other, and then lowered their heads and slammed. Antlers clacked as they locked heads. The two bulls quickstepped their ancient dance by the two campers’ tent, ignoring the world around them.

*antler: (사슴의) 가지진 뿔 **clack: 딱딱 소리 나다① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

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1회 31 무관

If you were to ask most cosmologists to give a summary of where we stand right now in the field, they would tell you that we live in a very special period in human history where, thanks to a whole host of advances in technology, we can suddenly view the very distant and very early universe in ways we haven’t been able to do ever before. ① For example, we can get a snapshot of what the universe looked like in its infancy, when the first atoms were forming. ② The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the birth of the universe, but it is still challenged and questioned by new theories. ③ We can get a snapshot of what the universe looked like in its adolescence, when the first stars and galaxies were forming. ④ And we are now getting a full detail, three-dimensional image of what the local universe looks like today. ⑤ When you put together this different information, which we’re getting for the first time in human history, you obtain a very tight series of constraints on any model of cosmic evolution.

*cosmologist: 우주학자

1회 32–1 빈칸

Humans have ________________________ for thousands of years, with varying degrees of accuracy and understanding. Our early human ancestors borrowed solutions from the animals and plants they saw around them. Seals swimming below Arctic ice create and maintain holes through which they can surface to breathe; Inuit hunters mimicked the way polar bears lie in wait beside those breathing holes to catch a rich dinner. Polynesian outrigger canoes’ design echoed that of floating seed pods. Aboriginal Australians even copied bird wings with their boomerangs. Certain shapes and tools were repeated around the world, created by people who were separated by vast geographical distances yet simultaneously immersed in and observing nature’s problem-solving strategies.

*outrigger: 아우트리거(카누의 뱃전 밖에 나온 안전용 부재) **seed pod: (콩 등의) 꼬투리

① copied nature ② abstained from meat③ settled down in an area ④ promoted cultural exchange⑤ domesticated other species

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수완실

1회 32–2 제목

Humans have copied nature for thousands of years, with varying degrees of accuracy and understanding. Our early human ancestors borrowed solutions from the animals and plants they saw around them. Seals swimming below Arctic ice create and maintain holes through which they can surface to breathe; Inuit hunters mimicked the way polar bears lie in wait beside those breathing holes to catch a rich dinner. Polynesian outrigger canoes’ design echoed that of floating seed pods. Aboriginal Australians even copied bird wings with their boomerangs. Certain shapes and tools were repeated around the world, created by people who were separated by vast geographical distances yet simultaneously immersed in and observing nature’s problem-solving strategies.


① Animal Intelligence: Only Humans Use Tools? ② Humanity Takes a Leaf out of Nature’s Book③ What Sets Human Beings Apart from Animals④ Nature Worship: Evolutionary Origin of Religions⑤ Animal in Prehistory: Human's Friend or Foe

1회 32–3 밑줄 어휘

Humans have copied nature for thousands of years, with varying degrees of accuracy and understanding. Our early human ancestors borrowed solutions from the animals and plants they saw around them. Seals swimming below Arctic ice create and maintain holes through which they can ①surface to breathe; Inuit hunters ②mimicked the way polar bears lie in wait beside those breathing holes to catch a rich dinner. Polynesian outrigger canoes’ design ③echoed that of floating seed pods. Aboriginal Australians even copied bird wings with their boomerangs. Certain shapes and tools were ④varied around the world, created by people who were separated by vast geographical distances yet simultaneously immersed in and ⑤observing nature’s problem-solving strategies.


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1회 33–1 빈칸

By the late twentieth century, state-of-the-art hospitals were generally designed to accommodate state-of-the-art equipment. The more scanners and X-ray devices a hospital had, and the more sophisticated its biochemical blood and urine tests, the more advanced its care was considered to be. Often, the hospital’s physical space seemed meant to optimize the care of the equipment rather than the care of patients. In the early 1970s, one could still find hospitals where the only department that was air-conditioned was the Radiology Department, because the delicate equipment could not tolerate the summer heat. As __________________________ increased in the mid-twentieth century, the comfort of patients was somehow pushed aside and their surroundings were often ignored. Hospital planners assumed that patients could adapt to the needs of technology, rather than the other way around.

*radiology department: 영상의학과, 방사선과

① medical malpractice or negligence cases② high-quality medical and nursing workforce③ health insurance coverage on medical costs④ reliance on and admiration for medical technology⑤ concern about the improvement of the quality of life

1회 33–2 주제

By the late twentieth century, state-of-the-art hospitals were generally designed to accommodate state-of-the-art equipment. The more scanners and X-ray devices a hospital had, and the more sophisticated its biochemical blood and urine tests, the more advanced its care was considered to be. Often, the hospital’s physical space seemed meant to optimize the care of the equipment rather than the care of patients. In the early 1970s, one could still find hospitals where the only department that was air-conditioned was the Radiology Department, because the delicate equipment could not tolerate the summer heat. As reliance on and admiration for medical technology increased in the mid-twentieth century, the comfort of patients was somehow pushed aside and their surroundings were often ignored. Hospital planners assumed that patients could adapt to the needs of technology, rather than the other way around.

*radiology department: 영상의학과, 방사선과

① the relationship between patient satisfaction and clinical quality② the impact of facility design on patient safety ③ patients taking a back seat to hospital equipments ④ how changes in medical technology affect health care costs⑤ whether personal devices interfere with hospital equipments

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수완실

1회 34 선택 어법

Carbon emissions from fossil-fuel burning (ignoring agriculture, deforestation and cement production), which already total about 32 billion tons of CO2 per year, on average (A)[rose / rising] by 676 million tons annually from 2000 to 2010. This is equivalent to almost twice the emissions that Brazil (B)[added / was added] to the global total during each twelve-month period. Although this massive increase in fossil-fuel burning has caused disastrous pollution and health impacts in China and elsewhere, the dramatic rise in global CO2 is actually a good thing in one respect, because it shows that developing countries are expanding their energy consumption in order to free (C)[them / themselves] from centuries of famine and misery. In other words, we are losing the war on carbon because we are winning the war on poverty.

(A) (B) (C)① rose added them② rose was added them③ rose added themselves④ rising was added themselves⑤ rising added themselves

1회 35–1 빈칸

What is the most destructive and effective weapon in the history of war? It is not the sword, the machine gun, the tank, or the atom bomb. Another weapon has killed far more people and decided the outcomes of many wars. It is something so obvious that it is easy to overlook: food, or more clearly, control of the food supply. Its power as a weapon has been acknowledged since ancient times. “Hunger destroys an army more often than does battle, and it is more cruel than the sword,” noted Vegetius, a Roman writer who lived in the fourth century A.D. He quoted a military saying that “whoever does not provide for food and other necessary things ________________________.”

*atom bomb: 원자 폭탄

① is conquered without fighting② cannot be starved to death③ will be remembered as an unknown hero④ had made every preparation for war⑤ cares about nothing other than victory

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1회 35–2 밑줄 어법

What is the most destructive and effective weapon in the history of war? It is not the sword, the machine gun, the tank, or the atom bomb. ①Another weapon has killed far more people and decided the outcomes of many wars. It is something so ②obvious that it is easy to overlook: food, or more clearly, control of the food supply. Its power as a weapon has been ③acknowledged since ancient times. “Hunger destroys an army more often than ④does battle, and it is more cruel than the sword,” noted Vegetius, a Roman writer who lived in the fourth century A.D. He quoted a military saying that “⑤who does not provide for food and other necessary things is conquered without fighting.”


1회 35–3 빈칸

What is the most destructive and effective weapon in the history of war? It is not the sword, the machine gun, the tank, or the atom bomb. Another weapon has killed far more people and decided the outcomes of many wars. It is something so obvious that it is easy to overlook: food, or more clearly, control of the food supply. Its power as a weapon has been acknowledged since ancient times. “___________ destroys an army more often than does battle, and it is more cruel than the sword,” noted Vegetius, a Roman writer who lived in the fourth century A.D. He quoted a military saying that “whoever does not provide for food and other necessary things is conquered without fighting.”


① Fear ② Greed ③ Hunger④ Jealousy ⑤ Distrust

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수완실

1회 36 밑줄 어휘

The introduction of chemical fertilizers and high-yield seed varieties into the developing world, starting in the 1960s, is known today as the “green revolution.” This revolution has had far-reaching consequences. As well as causing a population ①boom, it helped to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and supported the historic ②recession of the Asian economies and the rapid industrialization of China and India ─ developments that are transforming geopolitics. But the green revolution’s many other social and environmental side effects have made it hugely ③controversial. Its critics argue that it has caused massive environmental damage, destroyed traditional farming practices, increased ④inequality, and made farmers dependent on expensive seeds and chemicals provided by Western companies. Doubts have also been expressed about the long-term sustainability of chemically intensive farming. But for better or worse, there is no question that the green revolution did ⑤more than just transform the world’s food supply in the second half of the twentieth century; it transformed the world.

*sustainability: (환경 파괴 없는) 지속 가능성 **geopolitics: 지정학

1회 37–1 불일치

Exactly how, when, why, and where the first maps came to be created is difficult to discover. Much of what was drawn in prehistoric and early historical times has not survived, so what we find today may not be wholly representative of what was once there. There are other problems for the modern observer. Maps made in prehistoric times cannot be accompanied by a title that explains the meaning of the drawing or that describes its content. However, we may be sure that in early times, just like today, maps were created for a variety of purposes and took a variety of forms. It may also be clear that, contrary to popular belief, of all the purposes to which maps have been put through the ages, the least important single purpose has been to find the way. Sea charts did not come into existence until the European Middle Ages, and topographical maps were not normally carried about by land travelers until the 18th century.

*topological: 지형의

① 최초 지도의 제작 장소와 목적은 알 수 없다. ② 현재 남아있는 선사 시대의 지도는 전무하다. ③ 과거의 지도들도 그 목적과 종류가 다양했다. ④ 사람들은 지도의 주목적이 길 찾기라고 생각한다.⑤ 해양 지도는 고대 유럽에는 존재하지 않았다.

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1회 37–2 밑줄 어법

Exactly how, when, why, and where the first maps came to be created is difficult ①to discover. Much of what was drawn in prehistoric and early historical times ②has not survived, so what we find today may not be wholly representative of what was once there. There are other problems for the modern observer. Maps made in prehistoric times cannot be accompanied by a title that explains the meaning of the drawing or ③what describes its content. However, we may be sure that in early times, just like today, maps were created for a variety of purposes and ④took a variety of forms. It may also be clear that, contrary to popular belief, of all the purposes to which maps have been put through the ages, the least important single purpose has been ⑤to find the way. Sea charts did not come into existence until the European Middle Ages, and topographical maps were not normally carried about by land travelers until the 18th century.

*topological: 지형의

1회 38 빈칸 어휘

Imagine a population of organisms in which each individual, when confronted by strangers, either randomly cooperates or not. If strangers meet and initially cooperate, then it is up, up, and away towards establishing a pattern of behavior in which cooperation becomes increasingly likely. My cooperating with you makes it more likely that you will cooperate with me, which makes it more likely that I will cooperate with you, and so on. This is the behavioral infrastructure that makes _____(A)_____ possible. Compare this with organisms that do not have the tendency to reciprocate. They may experience random incidents of cooperation, but since these will not increase the probability of cooperation, these organisms will not reap the benefits of sustained, mutually reinforcing cooperation. Those who behave only in _____(B)_____ ways will do even worse. They will be stuck in the state of nature in which life is “nasty, brutish, and short.”

*reciprocate: 보답하다, 답례하다

(A) (B)① social institutions externally motivated② social institutions immediately self-interested③ mutual control externally motivated④ private ownership immediately self-interested⑤ private ownership restricted, risk-avoiding

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수완실

1회 39 빈칸 어휘

Most young ladies sunning by the pool or beach probably aren’t thinking about a hippopotamus, let alone its perspiration. However, it turns out that hippo sweat provides a highly effective sunblock. We humans perspire by allowing salt water to leave our pores, using the physics of _____(A)_____ to cool the skin. Hippos — long-lost cousins of whales and dolphins — solve more than just a cooling problem by _____(B)_____ a blend of chemicals that takes care of many challenges simultaneously. Besides being an excellent, nontoxic sunscreen, hippo sweat is also antiseptic, insect repelling, and antifungal.

*hippopotamus: 하마 **antiseptic: 살균력이 있는 ***antifungal: 항진균성의

(A) (B)① reflection absorbing② condensation absorbing③ evaporation secreting④ condensation secreting⑤ evaporation eliminating


When the curtain closes at any stage theater, the audience bursts into applause. It’s usually a few clappers who ①hesitantly start on their own, and then others join in. Applause is a funny thing in which each person tries to give ②credit to the performers, but also tries to blend into the crowd; you don’t want to clap before everyone else, or to go on after others have stopped. In fact, if you study it, you’ll discover there is a pronounced pattern in the way an audience goes from ③silence to full volume of applause. Recordings at theaters around the world show that the pattern transcends different cultural habits and that different crowds all follow one ④universal curve showing how the sound rises over several seconds. Even more remarkably, this curve is absolutely identical to a curve known from physics that describes how a group of atoms or molecules ⑤respectively go from one kind of behavior to another, rapidly and abruptly, because what one does depends very strongly on what others nearby do.

*transcend: 초월하다

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Viruses, when not in a living cell, go into a period of inactivity much like plant seeds. In this state they move with air currents, in water, or simply rest inactive on the ground until they come into contact with a life form that contains the cells they need to awaken from their long sleep.

1회 [41~42]-1 순서

(A) They actually begin experimenting with new combinations of genes to adapt to the environment they face. Most of them have also generated a genetic structure that facilitates their entry into other host organisms after an initial infection begins.

(B) The rabies virus, for instance, affects a part of the brain that then causes uncontrolled biting. At the same time, the virus swarms in its billions into the spit of infected animals. Then, every time the animal bites something the virus is transmitted to a new host.

*rabies: 광견병 **swarm: 떼를 지어 다니다

(C) At that moment a virus’s first task is to get inside the new host organism, bypass its protective mechanisms and find the proper host cell. Viruses use highly elegant analysis to address these challenges.


1회 [41~42]-2 지칭

Viruses, when not in a living cell, go into a period of inactivity much like plant seeds. In this state ①they move with air currents, in water, or simply rest inactive on the ground until they come into contact with a life form that contains the cells they need to awaken from ②their long sleep. At that moment their first task is to get inside the new host organisms, bypass ③their protective mechanisms and find the proper host cell. Viruses use highly elegant analysis to address these challenges; they actually begin experimenting with new combinations of genes to adapt to the environment ④they face. Most of them have also generated a genetic structure that facilitates ⑤their entry into other host organisms after an initial infection begins.

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수완실

Successful givers aren't only motivated by _____(A)_____, but they have _____(B)_____ as well.

1회 [43~45] 요약

Recently, psychologists conducted a comparative research to figure out what motivates highly successful givers. The first group consisted of those who had devoted many years of their lives to help their communities or advance a humanitarian cause. The second group matched the first in gender, age, ethnicity, and education, but had not sustained the same level or duration of giving. Independent raters rated the degree to which both groups' participants expressed two key motivations: self-interest and helping others. On which set of motivations did the first group score higher than the comparison group? The intuitive answer is other-interest, and it’s correct. In their life stories or goals, they mentioned giving and helping more than twice as often as the comparison group. But here’s the surprise: they also scored higher on self-interest. In their life stories, these highly successful givers mentioned a quest for power and achievement almost twice as often as the comparison group. In their goals, they had roughly 20 percent more objectives related to gaining influence, earning recognition, and attaining individual excellence.

⇩

(A) (B)① rewards mutual obligations ② rewards personal aspirations③ altruism personal aspirations④ altruism cultural stereotypes⑤ egoism cultural stereotypes

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2회 18 화재 탐지기 불일치

As property managers, we’ll furnish smoke detectors as required by the law, and we’ll test them and provide working batteries when you first take possession of your apartment. After that, you must pay for and replace batteries as needed, unless the law provides otherwise. You must test automatic fire alarms at the beginning of your lease term and monthly thereafter. We may replace dead batteries at your expense, without prior notice to you. You must immediately report smoke detector malfunctions to us. Neither you nor others may disable smoke detectors. If you damage or disable the smoke detector or remove a battery without replacing it with a working battery, you may be liable to us for $100 plus one month’s rent, actual damages, and attorney’s fees.

① 아파트가 입주될 때 건전지가 제공된다. ② 임대 이후 정기적으로 점검돼야 한다. ③ 건전지를 교체하기 전 입주민에 고지해야 한다. ④ 입주민은 오작동을 즉각 신고해야 한다. ⑤ 건전지를 빼놓으면 법적 문제가 된다.

2회 19 빈칸

By “scarcity,” most of us mean that goods are in short supply: there isn’t enough of something to go around. While there often is no clear-cut understanding of what constitutes “enough,” the simple fact is that there is more than sufficient food to sustain everyone on the planet. The same is true of land and renewable energy. The important question, then, is why the staples of life are so unequally distributed — why, for example, the United States, with a little more than 5 percent of the world’s population, uses approximately 40 percent of the world’s resources. What appears to be a problem of scarcity usually turns out, on closer inspection, to be a problem of distribution. But mainstream economists are notably unconcerned with distributional issues: they talk only about whether a given system is productive or efficient, and it is up to us to ask, “ ?”

① Until when② For whom③ How much④ Compared to what⑤ Who knows

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수완실

2회 20–1 지칭

When I took the bread out of the oven twenty-five minutes later, it smelled better than it looked, but it didn’t look too bad. A roasty aroma filled the kitchen. Still wearing oven mitts, I tapped on the bottom of the loaf and listened for the hollow, woody timbre indicating the bread was cooked through. It was. I held the loaf up to my cheek to feel ①its radiating warmth. The bread gave off a pleasing low sound as ②it cooled. The sense of accomplishment surprised me. I hadn’t done much, after all, except mix together some flour, water, and a little sourdough starter, and then treated ③it like a baby for several hours. And yet — here was ④this substantial thing that hadn’t existed before, this fragrant risen form. I might as well have pulled a rabbit out of a hat, and indeed my family, whose expectations for ⑤this latest project of mine were modest, reacted as if I had. Something from nothing.

*timbre: 음색 **sourdough starter: 빵 반죽 발효제

2회 20–2 선택 어법

When I took the bread out of the oven twenty-five minutes later, it smelled better than it looked, but it didn’t look too bad. A roasty aroma filled the kitchen. Still wearing oven mitts, I tapped on the bottom of the loaf and listened for the hollow, woody timbre indicating the bread was cooked through. It (A)[did / was]. I held the loaf up to my cheek to feel its radiating warmth. The bread gave off a pleasing low sound as it cooled. The sense of accomplishment surprised me. I hadn’t done much, after all, except mix together some flour, water, and a little sourdough starter, and then treated it like a baby for several hours. And yet — here was this substantial thing that (B)[hasn't / hadn’t] existed before, this fragrant risen form. I might as well have pulled a rabbit out of a hat, and indeed my family, whose expectations for this latest project of mine (C)[was / were] modest, reacted as if I had. Something from nothing.

*timbre: 음색 **sourdough starter: 빵 반죽 발효제

(A) (B) (C)① did hasn't was② did hadn't were③ was hasn't were④ was hadn't were ⑤ was hasn't was

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2회 21–1 빈칸 어휘

Our traditions encourage us to think of justice as a matter of equal opportunities for every individual to pursue whatever he or she understands by happiness. Equal opportunities are guaranteed by fair laws and political procedures — laws and procedures applied in the same way to everyone. But this way of thinking about justice does not in itself contain a vision of what the _____(A)_____ of goods in a society would end up looking like if individuals had an equal chance to pursue their interests. Thus, there could be great disparities in the income given to people in different occupations in a just society so long as everyone had an equal chance of getting a well-paid job. But if, as is now becoming painfully apparent, there are more qualified applicants than openings for the interesting jobs, is equal opportunity enough to assure justice? What of the _____(B)_____ for whom a fair race is beyond reach since they are left well short of the starting line?

(A) (B)① distribution illegal immigrants② distribution socially disadvantaged③ consumption long-term unemployed④ consumption socially disadvantaged⑤ promotion illegal immigrants

Equal opportunity doesn't guarantee equal ____(A)____, so goods should be more _____(B)_____ distributed in a just society.

2회 21–2 요약

Our traditions encourage us to think of justice as a matter of equal opportunities for every individual to pursue whatever he or she understands by happiness. Equal opportunities are guaranteed by fair laws and political procedures — laws and procedures applied in the same way to everyone. But this way of thinking about justice does not in itself contain a vision of what the distribution of goods in a society would end up looking like if individuals had an equal chance to pursue their interests. Thus, there could be great disparities in the income given to people in different occupations in a just society so long as everyone had an equal chance of getting a well-paid job. But if, as is now becoming painfully apparent, there are more qualified applicants than openings for the interesting jobs, is equal opportunity enough to assure justice? What of the socially disadvantaged for whom a fair race is beyond reach since they are left well short of the starting line?

⇩

(A) (B)① duties evenly② duties exclusively③ intelligence efficiently④ outcome exclusively⑤ outcome evenly

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수완실

2회 22–1 밑줄 어휘

The inventor of the first written tablets may have realized the advantage these pieces of clay had over holding memories in the brain: first, the amount of information storable on tablets was ①endless — one could go on producing tablets again and again in the same way, while the brain’s remembering capacity is limited; second, tablets did not require the presence of the memory-holder to ②remove information. Suddenly, something intangible — a number, an item of news, a thought, an order — could be acquired without the physical presence of the ③message-giver; magically, it could be imagined, noted and passed on across space and beyond time. Since the earliest phases of prehistoric civilization, human society had tried to overcome the obstacles of geography, the ④finality of death, the erosion of oblivion. With a single act — the ⑤incision of a figure on a clay tablet — that first anonymous writer suddenly succeeded in all these seemingly impossible feats.

*intangible: 무형의 **oblivion: 망각

2회 22–2 주제

The inventor of the first written tablets may have realized the advantage these pieces of clay had over holding memories in the brain: first, the amount of information storable on tablets was endless — one could go on producing tablets again and again in the same way, while the brain’s remembering capacity is limited; second, tablets did not require the presence of the memory-holder to retrieve information. Suddenly, something intangible — a number, an item of news, a thought, an order — could be acquired without the physical presence of the message-giver; magically, it could be imagined, noted and passed on across space and beyond time. Since the earliest phases of prehistoric civilization, human society had tried to overcome the obstacles of geography, the finality of death, the erosion of oblivion. With a single act — the incision of a figure on a clay tablet — that first anonymous writer suddenly succeeded in all these seemingly impossible feats.

*intangible: 무형의 **oblivion: 망각

① various methods of delivering messages in prehistory② the birth of writing and its impact on human capability③ differences between oral and written language styles④ how memory affects message interpretation and storage⑤ things lost by the transition from oral to written culture

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2회 23–1 연결사

Watching lionesses hunt a gazelle on the plains of Africa is a savage and beautiful event. Lionesses don’t just mindlessly chase after a gazelle. _____(A)_____, the hunt is a masterpiece of coordinated action aimed at one result — a gazelle meal. Often one lioness will flush the gazelle and one or more of the others will chase it, or each hunter will come at the prey from a different angle, limiting moving and turning room for the gazelle. Such coordinated hunting is seen in other animals as well. But is it cooperation? Might it not be the case that each lioness strictly has her own interest, and that alone, at heart? Yes, but this does not detract from the fact that the hunt is clearly a coordinated action set to accomplish a particular goal. _____(B)_____, this type of cooperation, one in which joint action is based only on the self-interest of all parties involved, may be the most common type of animal cooperation.

*flush: (숨어 있던 곳에서) 쫓아내다

(A) (B)① Moreover In fact② Moreover Consequently③ Similarly Still④ Rather Consequently⑤ Rather In fact

2회 23–2 빈칸

Watching lionesses hunt a gazelle on the plains of Africa is a savage and beautiful event. Lionesses don’t just mindlessly chase after a gazelle; rather, the hunt is a masterpiece of coordinated action aimed at one result — a gazelle meal. Often one lioness will flush the gazelle and one or more of the others will chase it, or each hunter will come at the prey from a different angle, limiting moving and turning room for the gazelle. Such coordinated hunting is seen in other animals as well. But is it cooperation? Might it not be the case that each lioness strictly has her own interest, and that alone, at heart? Yes, but this does not detract from the fact that the hunt is clearly a coordinated action set to accomplish a particular goal. In fact, this type of cooperation, one in which joint action is based only on , may be the most common type of animal cooperation.

*flush: (숨어 있던 곳에서) 쫓아내다

① the exploitation of the weak by the strong② the diversity maintained by survival competition③ the gradual process of natural selection④ the sacrifice of individuals for the community⑤ the self-interest of all parties involved

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수완실

2회 24 불일치

FARM TOURSaturday, August 29, 2015

Enjoy a Saturday in the country and get a behind-the-scenes look at

how your food is grown in the White River Valley.

Guided walking tours, led by the farmers themselves, include demonstrations, samples, and fun activities for all ages.

Participants must provide their own transportation and picnic lunch.

EXPERIENCE: Milking cows and goats by hand Maple syrup production Enjoying a hayride And more!

PLEASE NOTE: Participants are urged to wear sturdy shoes. Open-toed or high-heeled shoes are not recommended.

TICKETS: $12 for adults / $8 for children (6–17) Children 5 and under are free. Family Pass (2 adults, up to 4 children): $40

RESERVATIONS REQUIRED: call (802) 555–1234 or email [email protected].

① 하루 동안만 진행되는 행사다. ② 농부들이 참가자들의 교통 편의를 제공한다. ③ 앞이 트인 샌들은 착용하지 않는 것이 좋다.④ 어른 2명과 6세의 아동 3명은 40달러로 입장 가능하다.⑤ 예약은 전화와 이메일 둘 다 가능하다.

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2회 27 밑줄 어법

The Republic of Seychelles is a country made up of about 115 islands in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa. Victoria is its capital city and only shipping port. It ①lies on Mahe′ , the country’s largest island. Most of the people ②are Creole, with a mixture of Asian, African, and European heritage. The French and then the British used to ③rule the islands. Seychelles was given its independence by Britain in 1976. Creole, English, and French are all national languages. The islands have very ④few good farmland and fishing is a very important industry. The people catch the fish, pack them into cans, and ship them around the world. Tourism is Seychelles’ biggest industry, with visitors ⑤attracted by the country’s beaches, wildlife, and greenery.

*greenery: 초목, 화초

2회 28 무관

The process of job advancement in the field of sports is often said to be shaped like a pyramid: at the wide base are many jobs with youth or high school athletic teams, while at the narrow tip are the few, highly coveted jobs with professional organizations. Thus there are many sports jobs altogether, but the competition becomes increasingly tough as one works his or her way up. ① A certain level of competition can help teach sportsmanship, a sense of accomplishment, and how to win and lose gracefully. ② The salaries of various positions reflect this pyramid model. ③ For example, high school football and basketball coaches are typically teachers who get paid a little extra for their after-class work. ④ But coaches of the same sports at big universities can become national celebrities who earn more than $1 million a year, exceeding the salaries of college presidents. ⑤ One level higher up are the National Football League and the National Basketball Association, where head coaches can earn many times more than their best-paid campus counterparts.

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수완실

2회 29 무관

In 11th-century London the stench of waste forced the development of a new technology in waste treatment, the cesspit. The cesspits were built into the ground near houses and received a daily deposit of household garbage and human waste. ① Builders intended to make the cesspits leakproof, but sadly they did leak, leading to contaminated waters, orchards, and vegetable and herb gardens. ② Burying helped dispose of wastes a bit, but buried wastes leaked into underground water that supplied wells. ③ Since underground water is part of the water cycle, contaminants in the atmosphere or bodies of water are eventually transferred into underground. ④ Today’s waste management struggles with almost the same set of problems, that is, waste streams are still threatened by accidents and leaks. ⑤ Waste managers work to prevent the unintended pollution of clean water and soil with waste, and they also continue to find better ways for removing waste from people’s lives.

2회 30 Amy 심경

Dr. Grube smiled briefly at Amy and then sat on the pink armchair in the corner of the room. “Hello, Amy. How do you feel today? I understand it was your birthday last week,” she said. Leaning over, she reached into her briefcase pulling out a red parcel tied with a bright pink bow. She stood up, walked towards the bed, and handed it to Amy along with an envelope. “Happy birthday!” she said, brightly. Amy took the gift and card, unsure how to react. She had not expected to receive anything from the doctor. Their relationship had always been very distant, stifled, and uncomfortable. Dr. Grube had hardly shown any real human emotions in all the time she’d known her, and Amy always resented the way she tried to delve into the deepest reaches of her mind. “Thank you,” she managed to say eventually, almost under her breath.

*stifle: 숨이 막히게 하다 **delve into: ~을 철저히 조사하다

① puzzled and confused② frustrated and helpless③ doubtful and wary④ nervous and concerned⑤ flattered and gratified

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2회 31 빈칸

Humans have the goal to feel as if they belong. Goals explain behavior. When children want to help or to contribute constructively, they are striving to belong and they somehow realize that constructive cooperation is the correct way to achieve belonging. When children behave defiantly and are consequently punished, they do this because they feel like they do not belong and do not believe that they can reach the goal of belonging by any valuable means. The discouraged child who feels as if she does not belong will do almost anything to feel like she . For this child, it is worse to be ignored and left out than to be punished. Even a power struggle or an act of revenge could give her the feeling of belonging. Feeling totally excluded by those about them is an almost unbearable situation for most children.

*defiantly: 무례하게, 반항적으로

① has no worries about the future or regrets about the past② is bored with things or people that dominated her life③ tries to look at circumstances from other people’s perspectives④ is acknowledged and worthy of notice and companionship⑤ recognizes and integrates the conflicts that exist within her

2회 32-1 요지

Mark Twain observed, “We are all ignorant, but about different things.” One mistake technical professionals make when writing for non-technical readers is assuming their readers are as knowledgeable as they are about the subject. This is a fatal assumption that will only result in confusion and frustration for your reader. Also, a great deal of your time will be spent generating additional messages to the reader trying to explain what should have been clear the first time. Just because it’s clear to you does not make it clear to your reader. If you are an engineer or accountant writing to others in your field, then perhaps there will be less need to explain all aspects of your message. If you’re writing to the senior vice president of marketing, who is not familiar with software applications, then you will need to “walk” that reader through your message. Remember that when it comes to technical knowledge, writers and readers are hardly equal.

① 모든 독자의 수준과 취향을 만족시키는 저술은 불가능하다.② 정보의 양보다 정보의 전달 방식을 더 많은 고민해야 한다. ③ 책을 출판하기에 앞서 최대한 많은 전문가의 검토가 필요하다. ④ 책을 쓸 때 전문적 지식이 없는 독자를 고려하여야 한다.⑤ 저자는 해당 분야에 대해 철저한 사전 지식을 갖춰야 한다.

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수완실

2회 32–2 제목

Mark Twain observed, “We are all ignorant, but about different things.” One mistake technical professionals make when writing for non-technical readers is assuming their readers are as knowledgeable as they are about the subject. This is a fatal assumption that will only result in confusion and frustration for your reader. Also, a great deal of your time will be spent generating additional messages to the reader trying to explain what should have been clear the first time. Just because it’s clear to you does not make it clear to your reader. If you are an engineer or accountant writing to others in your field, then perhaps there will be less need to explain all aspects of your message. If you’re writing to the senior vice president of marketing, who is not familiar with software applications, then you will need to “walk” that reader through your message. Remember that when it comes to technical knowledge, writers and readers are hardly equal.

① Open Up Yourself, Move Your Readers② Be Understandable for Non-technical Audiences③ Good Writing? Fulfill Its Purpose!④ The More Reading, the Better Writing⑤ The Best Readers Make the Best Writers

2회 33–1 연결사

Throughout the centuries, immigrant groups coming to America have attempted to re-create the dishes of their homelands. Often, however, the needed ingredients are unavailable or too expensive. _____(A)_____, in the early-20th century, dietitians and reformers frequently looked upon the food choices and dishes of immigrants with alarm and disdain. Dietitian Bertha M. Wood wrote a cookbook that conveyed many of the then-prominent beliefs and stereotypes about immigrants to the United States. Yet she also expressed some sympathy toward the various groups of people who arrived, often penniless, in America. _____(B)_____, in contrast to the opinion often given by other Americans that immigrants “should learn to eat American food if they are to live here,” she countered, “When a person is ill and needs a special diet, it is no time to teach him to eat new foods. It is like hitting a person when he is down. Our milk soups are nutritious, but so are theirs; why not learn what they are and prescribe them? The same is true of other foods.”

*dietitian: 영양학자 **disdain: 경멸

(A) (B)① Therefore Instead② Therefore Likewise③ Moreover Likewise④ Moreover For example⑤ That is For example

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2회 33–2 빈칸

Throughout the centuries, immigrant groups coming to America have attempted to re-create the dishes of their homelands. Often, however, the needed ingredients are unavailable or too expensive. Moreover, in the early-20th century, dietitians and reformers frequently looked upon the food choices and dishes of immigrants with alarm and disdain. Dietitian Bertha M. Wood wrote a cookbook that conveyed many of the then-prominent beliefs and stereotypes about immigrants to the United States. Yet she also expressed some sympathy toward the various groups of people who arrived, often penniless, in America. For example, in contrast to the opinion often given by other Americans that immigrants “should learn to eat American food if they are to live here,” she countered, “When a person is ill and needs a special diet, it is no time to teach him to eat new foods. It is like . Our milk soups are nutritious, but so are theirs; why not learn what they are and prescribe them? The same is true of other foods.”

① hitting a person when he is down② scratching the itch one can't reach③ a blessing in disguise④ a wise answer to a silly question⑤ crying over spilt milk

This is the reason flat maps were developed — three-dimensional Earth is projected onto a two-dimensional map.

2회 34–1 삽입

Globes provide the most accurate depiction of surface features on Earth; they are the only true representation of distance, area, direction, and proximity. However, you can’t fold up a globe and put it into your pocket. Moreover, if you need to locate a particular city street in a specific city, you would need a very large globe. ( ① ) You could, of course, make a huge globe and then just cut the sections you need from the globe. ( ② ) I think you get my point: globes are accurate but not easy to transport from place to place. ( ③ ) You can fold up a flat map and carry it almost anywhere. ( ④ ) However, even though these flat maps are convenient and do display spatial information, they give a distorted view. ( ⑤ ) At present, there is no flat map that does not have some type of distortion.

*proximity: 근접성

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수완실

2회 34–2 선택 어휘

Globes provide the most accurate depiction of surface features on Earth; they are the only true representation of distance, area, direction, and proximity. However, you can’t fold up a globe and put it into your pocket. Moreover, if you need to (A)[block / locate] a particular city street in a specific city, you would need a very large globe. You could, of course, make a huge globe and then just cut the sections you need from the globe. I think you get my point. Globes are accurate but not easy to (B)[differentiate / transport] from place to place. This is the reason flat maps were developed — three-dimensional Earth is projected onto a two-dimensional map. You can fold up a flat map and carry it almost anywhere. However, even though these flat maps are convenient and do display (C)[real-time/ spatial] information, they give a distorted view. At present, there is no flat map that does not have some type of distortion.

*proximity: 근접성 (A) (B) (C)① block differentiate real-time② block transport spatial③ locate transport spatial④ locate transport real-time⑤ locate differentiate spatial

Neither the absolute size of an animal's brain nor the brain's _____(A)_____ to the body cannot guarantee the animal's _____(B)_____ skills.

2회 35 요약

To what extent is the human brain programmed for speech? The answer is unclear. Our brain is heavier than that of other animals. Of course, size alone is not particularly important. Elephants have bigger brains than humans, but they do not talk. But elephants also have bigger bodies, so some people have suggested that it is the brain-body ratio which matters. At first sight, this seems a promising approach. It appears quite reasonable to suggest that a high brain-body ratio means high intelligence, which in turn might be a prerequisite for language, especially when we find that the brain of an adult human is more than 2 percent of his or her total weight, while that of an adult chimp is less than 1 percent. But such ratios can be very misleading. Some animals are designed to carry around large reserves of energy, making their bodies enormously heavy. Camels, for example, are not necessarily more stupid than horses just because they have huge humps.

*prerequisite: 필수 조건⇩

(A) (B)① interaction cognitive② interaction linguistic③ proportion linguistic④ proportion motor⑤ sensitivity motor

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Clarifying the _____(A)_____ of your question before asking it can get rid of possible misunderstandings on your part and prevent your dialogue partner from feeling _____(B)_____ about your question.

2회 36-1 요약

Whenever you ask a question, say why you’re asking it. If a question stands alone, it raises another question in the listener’s mind, like, “Why did he ask that question?” The person you’re talking to will instantly stop listening to you as they contemplate possible answers in their mind. They can become irritated if they don’t know why you’re asking the question. They might feel like you are cross-examining them or they may feel anxious because your question is a demand on them to provide you with information. You can eliminate these problems if, for example, you precede your question with, “Let me ask you a question to make sure I understand what you just said.” In addition to avoiding jumping to the wrong conclusion about what someone has said, you show an interest in what the person is communicating to you, which in turn sharpens their listening powers in what you have to say. *contemplate: 생각하다, 고려하다

⇩

(A) (B)① aim secure② manner secure③ intention grateful④ scope unpleasant⑤ purpose unpleasant

2회 36-2 밑줄 어법

Whenever you ask a question, say why you’re asking it. If a question stands alone, it raises ①another question in the listener’s mind, like, “Why did he ask that question?” The person you’re talking to will instantly stop ②to listen to you as they contemplate possible answers in their mind. They can become irritated if they don’t know why you’re asking the question. They might feel ③like you are cross-examining them or they may feel anxious because your question is a demand on them to provide you with information. You can eliminate these problems if, for example, you precede your question with, “Let me ask you a question to make sure I understand what you just said.” In addition to ④avoiding jumping to the wrong conclusion about what someone has said, you show an interest in what the person is communicating to you, which in turn ⑤sharpens their listening powers in what you have to say.

*contemplate: 생각하다, 고려하다

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수완실

2회 37-1 무관

In 1905, football was a low-scoring sport of running and kicking the ball. A bunch of guys in leather helmets would line up on the football field and see if they could push the other team back for a three- or four-yard gain. A four-yard gain was a big deal. ① When the forward pass was legalized in 1906, it was suddenly possible to gain more yards with the flick of a wrist. ② During the first season after the rule changed, all but one of the teams still stayed with their conventional running games. ③ Recognizing that football had entered an era of change (i.e., the forward pass), the coaches at St. Louis University quickly adapted to a passing offensive game. ④ Although it's said that defense wins championships, it was offense that really attracted fans to the stadium. ⑤ That season, they outscored their opponents 402 to 11 because they were willing to change!

2회 37–2 선택 어휘

In 1905, football was a low-scoring sport of running and kicking the ball. A bunch of guys in leather helmets would line up on the football field and see if they could push the other team back for a three- or four-yard gain. A four-yard gain was a big deal. When the forward pass was (A)[legalized / penalized] in 1906, it was suddenly possible to gain more yards with the flick of a wrist. During the first season after the rule changed, all but one of the teams still stayed with their (B)[conventional / promising] running games. Recognizing that football had entered an era of change (i.e., the forward pass), the coaches at St. Louis University quickly adapted to a passing offensive game. That season, they (C)[outscored / underscored] their opponents 402 to 11 because they were willing to change!

(A) (B) (C)① legalized conventional outscored② legalized promising outscored③ legalized conventional underscored④ penalized promising underscored⑤ penalized conventional underscored

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2회 39–1 빈칸

Unlike the analog world, where events must happen following a consistent order, the digital world can deal with nonlinearity (random order), where one event need not follow another. This is well illustrated in the building of a website composed of text, audio, video, and interactive options. There is no reason to compose the text before inserting the audio or to develop the video after inserting the text. Any one of these components can be brought into the building process any time the creator desires as long as the end product — the website — looks attractive. This produces a nonlinear work style in which many applications are ___________________ used to produce a digital product.

*nonlinearity: 비선형성

① alternately② optically③ simultaneously ④ partially⑤ incidentally

2회 39–2 선택 어법

Unlike the analog world, where events must happen (A)[following / followed] a consistent order, the digital world can deal with nonlinearity (random order), where one event need not follow another. This is well illustrated in the building of a website composed of text, audio, video, and interactive options. There is no reason to compose the text before inserting the audio or (B)[developing / to develop] the video after inserting the text. Any one of these components can be brought into the building process any time the creator desires as long as the end product — the website — looks attractive. This produces a nonlinear work style in which many applications are simultaneously used to (C)[produce / producing] a digital product.

*nonlinearity: 비선형성

(A) (B) (C)① following developing produce② following to develop produce③ following developing producing④ followed to develop producing⑤ followed developing producing

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수완실

2회 40–1 무관

One barrier to any type of research, but especially to research with children, is that the participant (or parent of the participant) has concerns with the study. Participation in research is a novel experience for many, and there may be unrealistic expectations of what is involved. The best solution to this barrier is related to informed consent. ① Detailed informed consent for the parent and informed assent for the child is necessary. ② Although the child’s assent is not necessary for participation, it helps build a good relationship with the child, and lets her feel part of the process. ③ Information available from research on under-aged individuals cannot answer the question posed in relation to adults or seniors. ④ There should also be a thorough verbal explanation of the study, its purpose, the amount of effort required from the participant, and possible risks and benefits. ⑤ Participants should be aware (and reminded) that withdrawal from the study is an option at any point in time and without penalty.

2회 40–2 선택 어휘

One barrier to any type of research, but especially to research with children, is that the participant (or parent of the participant) has concerns with the study. Participation in research is a (A)[novel / rewarding] experience for many, and there may be unrealistic expectations of what is involved. The best solution to this barrier is related to informed consent. Detailed informed consent for the parent and informed assent for the child is necessary. Although the child’s assent is not necessary for participation, it helps build a good relationship with the child, and lets her feel part of the process. There should also be a (B)[sketchy / thorough] verbal explanation of the study, its purpose, the amount of effort required from the participant, and possible risks and benefits. Participants should be aware (and reminded) that withdrawal from the study is an option at any point in time and without (C)[notice / penalty].

(A) (B) (C)① novel sketchy notice② novel thorough notice③ novel thorough penalty④ rewarding thorough penalty⑤ rewarding sketchy penalty

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2회 [41~42] 무관

Umpires and other sports officials are the decision-makers and rulebook enforcers whose word is law on the field of play. Such authority comes with heavy responsibility to match. Sports officials must be unbiased masters of the rules and have thick skins. ① They must keep control of the conduct of games at all times, be good communicators, and stay cool in situations that can quickly grow heated — both on the field and in the stands. ② Many professional players try out for referees or umpires after their retirement, seeking to stand on field again. ③ For every winner in sports there is a loser, of course, and the outcome may ride on a few crucial calls. ④ The stakes can be higher than just one game. ⑤ High school athletes may hope for college scholarships, and key calls against them could hurt their chances when scouts are on hand.

*scout: 스카우트 담당자(스포츠나 예능 등의 유망한 신인을 발굴하고 계약을 권유하는 사람)

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수완실

That's because in smaller setups, the water quality can change very quickly — which means more work for you.

3회 18-1 삽입

Before rushing out to your pet store, decide where to put the tank. Your new fish will be happiest if its aquarium is on a solid, level surface our of direct sunlight. ( ① ) Be sure there is an electrical outlet close by. ( ② ) Even though pet stores have about as many aquariums as fish have scales, most beginners start with a 10- to 20-gallon rectangular tank. ( ③ ) "It sounds strange, but a 20-gallon aquarium is less work than a 10-gallon one," says pet store manager Jim Chastain. ( ④ ) Another option is a starter kit, which includes the tank, hood, air pumps and undergravel filter. ( ⑤ ) You'll still need to purchase gravel, water conditioner, cleaning equipment, decorations, food and the fish.

3회 18-2 불일치

Before rushing out to your pet store, decide where to put the tank. Your new fish will be happiest if its aquarium is on a solid, level surface our of direct sunlight. Be sure there is an electrical outlet close by. Even though pet stores have about as many aquariums as fish have scales, most beginners start with a 10- to 20-gallon rectangular tank. "It sounds strange, but a 20-gallon aquarium is less work than a 10-gallon one," says pet store manager Jim Chastain. That's because in smaller setups, the water quality can change very quickly — which means more work for you. Another option is a starter kit, which includes the tank, hood, air pumps and undergravel filter. You'll still need to purchase gravel, water conditioner, cleaning equipment, decorations, food and the fish.

① 수족관은 직사광선을 받지 않도록 해야 한다. ② 전기 콘센트는 수족관과 멀리 떨어져 있어야 한다. ③ 10갤런 수족관이 20갤런 수족관보다 관리하기 어렵다. ④ 초보자용 키트에는 자갈 밑 필터가 포함된다.⑤ 초보자용 키트 구매 시, 자갈은 별도 구입해야 한다.

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3회 19 빈칸

Two controversial issues in children's sports involve benching and cutting of players. Coaches who regard winning as the most important element in children's sports are known to cut even eight-year-olds from teams. One of the first questions I ask my young patients is how they're enjoying sports. Almost nothing makes me feel so bad as when a child looks at me with a sad face and tells me he was cut because he "wasn't good enough." It's absurd we should encourage children to try out for a team and then exclude them at the outset. Children don't need to learn these brutal lessons of life — "___________________" and so on — at this early stage. I see absolutely no reason why any child should be prevented from taking part in a program, if he or she is healthy enough.

① there is no ‘I’ in team② survival of the fittest③ fall seven times, stand up eight④ your biggest enemy is yourself⑤ the sooner the better


Stanley could hear the sound of music and singing coming from outside; the event was in full swing. Looking out the window, he could see the rest of the town sloping away towards the harbor. Colorful lanterns hung from the buildings, and the street lamps blazed brightly, (A)[illuminating / illuminated] the throngs of people crowding the streets. Some were talking, some were singing, some were dancing, all were happy, as far as Stanley could see. There (B)[must/ should] have been a great many musicians playing, for the night was filled with merry music. (C)[It / They] drifted up through the night and through the window, and brought a smile to Stanley's face. He wondered just how many people were dancing and singing right now, glad to be alive, and to be free.

*throng: 군중, 인파

(A) (B) (C)① illuminating should It② illuminating must They③ illuminating must It④ illuminated must They⑤ illuminated should It

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수완실

It's striking to me that in all the heated debate about health care reform, one basic fact is rarely discussed, and that is the one thing that could dramatically bring down the costs of health care while improving the health of our people.

3회 21 순서

(A) If we were to stop overeating, to stop eating unhealthy foods and to instead eat foods with higher nutrient densities and cancer protective properties, we could have a more affordable, sustainable, and effective health care system.

(B) Studies have shown that 50 to 70 percent of the nation's health care costs are preventable, and the single most effective step most people can take to improve their health is to eat a healthier diet.

(C) And more importantly, we'd be less dependent on insurance companies and doctors, and more dependent on our own health-giving choices.



Radical developments in technology have revolutionized the way in (A)[that / which] artists and entertainers tell their stories. From live-streamed transmissions from London's Royal Opera House and the New York Met to the innovative use of sound, film and projection in plays such as the National Theater's The Waves, technology is (B)[constant / constantly] opening up staged entertainment to new formats and audiences. The British producing company Artichoke are masters of harnessing technology to tell a story: In May 2006 they brought French company Royal de Luxe's The Sultan's Elephant to the streets of London, (C)[fascinating / fascinated] audiences young and old with a 42-ton mechanical elephant and a 6-meter-tall princess, who traveled on a London bus and disappeared in a rocket.

*harness: 이용하다

(A) (B) (C)① that constant fascinating② that constant fascinated③ that constantly fascinated④ which constantly fascinated⑤ which constantly fascinating

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3회 23-1 지칭

I once talked to a layman in a very successful church. The pastor who had led that congregation for more than 20 years had some glaring faults, but the people seemed to love ①him and the church had prospered. I asked the man how ②he accounted for this, and here is the very wise thing he said. "③He has some strong suits and he has some weaknesses. So we have tried to specialize in the areas where he is strong and forget about ④his weaknesses." By taking such an attitude, the congregation had avoided the backbiting and complaining atmosphere which often exists in a church or a business where there is continual criticism. With such a generous spirit, they had also doubtlessly motivated their pastor to do everything in ⑤his power to produce at full capacity.

*layman: 평신도 **congregation: 신도

3회 23-2 빈칸

I once talked to a layman in a very successful church. The pastor who had led that congregation for more than 20 years had some glaring faults, but the people seemed to love him and the church had prospered. I asked the man how he accounted for this, and here is the very wise thing he said. "Our minister has some strong suits and he has some weaknesses. So we have tried to specialize in the areas where he is strong and forget about his weaknesses." By taking such an attitude, the congregation had avoided the backbiting and complaining atmosphere which often exists in a church or a business where there is continual criticism. With such a _____________ spirit, they had also doubtlessly motivated their pastor to do everything in his power to produce at full capacity.

*layman: 평신도 **congregation: 신도

① generous② credulous③ entrepreneurial④ argumentative⑤ self-justifying

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수완실

3회 24 불일치

Sleepovers at Jolly Gardens

Sleepovers at Jolly Gardens are packed with so much fun and learning. Imagine sleeping overlooking tigers or feeding giraffes breakfast. Join us for a nighttime adventure that begins at the end of a day — and explore the park in a whole new way!

• Sleepovers are one-night adventures that begin at 6:00 p.m. and end the next morning at 9:00 a.m.• Price: Adults 10 & UP $95.00 Child 3-9 $60.00• Participants sleep in a variety of locations based on the theme of the sleepover and the size of the group.• All sleepovers include dinner, breakfast, a camp T-shirt and a water bottle for each participant. All you need to bring is sleeping gear and good walking shoes!

* For more information, please call 888-800-2269 or visit www.jollygardens.com.

① 호랑이를 보며 잠들 수 있다.② 프로그램은 아침 9시에 종료된다. ③ 부모 1인과 10세 1인의 비용은 155달러다. ④ 석식과 조식을 제공한다.⑤ 침구류와 신발은 제공하지 않는다.

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3회 25 불일치

Wright State UniversitySummer Enrichment Programs

Contact: Mr. Tony Higgins, Assistant DirectorPhone: 937-775-3135Email: [email protected]

The Office of Pre-College Programs offers students in grades 10 to 12 the opportunity to attend summer residential enrichment programs from July 27 to August 13.

▶ Courses are offered on the following topics: aviation, creative writing, leadership, mathematics, television production, and many more.▶ Each program is comprised of a variety of learning experiences including lectures, hands-on projects, field trips, and small group discussions.▶ Dormitory life, recreation, and social events promote friendships and social interaction among participants.▶ Programs are taught by university faculty or experts from the local community.

Each program has limited enrollment,so register early.

① 대학생을 대상으로 한 프로그램이다.② 프로그램 기간은 2주를 넘는다. ③ 실습 프로젝트를 제공하기도 한다. ④ 교육은 교수 및 전문가가 맡는다.⑤ 각 프로그램마다 인원 제한이 있다.

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수완실

3회 26 불일치

The above graph shows the reasons that fathers gave for staying at home in 1989 and 2012. ① In 2012, about one of every five stay-at-home fathers said they were at home in order to care for their family. ② However, this is the least frequently cited reason among all the reasons in the same year. ③ In 2012, roughly a quarter of stay-at-home fathers reported that they were at home mainly because they could not find a job, which was an 8 percentage point increase from 1989. ④ In 1989, illness or disability forced more fathers to stay at home than those who stayed at home because of all the other reasons. ⑤ Stay-at-home fathers who were not working either because they were in school, retired, or for some other reason showed the most dramatic change during the given period.

3회 28 무관

It's not just in science, of course, that we use and misuse logic. Logic is the way we order our thoughts and make sense of the world. As we grow up, our eyes learn to interpret things we see, from recognizing particular arrangements of lines and shadows as three-dimensional boxes to identifying faces as friendly or hostile. ① So logic helps us find our way through the world. ② Logical argument is, also, if our use of logic is good, an invaluable way of checking if our insights are actually correct. ③ On the other hand, appeal to emotion is often more persuasive, because logic has relatively narrow applicability. ④ And, of course, it can be a very effective way of justifying our ideas to other people. ⑤ Indeed, logic can seem so powerfully persuasive that all of us bring it into our everyday conversations all the time.

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Playing has become so rare in our society that some people, such as engineer Henry Petroski and neurobiologist Arthur Yuwiler, worry that the art of it will be lost. Both men have noted that many of their professional skills were developed by taking apart watches, fixing old bicycles and radios, and generally making things just for the fun of it when they were young.

3회 29-1 순서

(A) As a result, many universities have had to institute "remedial play courses" for engineers and scientists, in which students, for the first time in their life, take apart and reassemble a bike, a laser printer, or some other common object to find out how it works.

(B) The need for such courses shows that both our home environments and our schools have failed to foster basic curiosity.

(C) Kids don't do that anymore. When something breaks, we replace it. Electronic devices don't reveal their inner workings even when taken apart.


3회 29-2 빈칸

Playing has become so rare in our society that some people, such as engineer Henry Petroski and neurobiologist Arthur Yuwiler, worry that the art of it will be lost. Both men have noted that many of their professional skills were developed by taking apart watches, fixing old bicycles and radios, and generally making things just for the fun of it when they were young. Kids don't do that anymore. When something breaks, we replace it. Electronic devices don't reveal their inner workings even when taken apart. As a result, many universities have had to institute "remedial play courses" for engineers and scientists, in which students, for the first time in their life, take apart and reassemble a bike, a laser printer, or some other common object to find out how it works. The need for such courses shows that both our home environments and our schools have failed to foster ___________.

① critical thinking② cooperative spirit③ basic curiosity④ competitiveness⑤ moral discipline

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수완실

When we are in a _____(A)_____ posture, our _____(B)_____ is adversely affected.

3회 31-1 요약

In the 1980s, John Riskind decided to examine the effect of posture on persistence. Riskind placed participants in one of two positions. Half of the participants were placed in a slumped position, such that their backs were stooped and hunched over, and heads dropped down. In contrast, the other participants were made to sit upright, with their shoulders pulled back and heads held high. After sitting stooped or upright for about three minutes, each participants was sent to another room and asked to try and solve several puzzles that involved tracing over a diagram without lifting their pencil off the page. In fact, many of the puzzles were impossible to solve and Riskind was only interested in how long the participants kept going in the face of failure. Describing his findings in a paper entitled 'They Stoop to Conquer', Riskind noted how the participants who had previously been sitting up straight endured for almost twice as long as the slouchers.

*stoop: 구부리다, 구부정하다 **sloucher: 구부정한 자세로 앉은 사람⇩

(A) (B)① correct creativity② correct perseverance③ stiff courtesy④ poor perseverance⑤ poor creativity

3회 31-2 연결사

In the 1980s, John Riskind decided to examine the effect of posture on persistence. Riskind placed participants in one of two positions. Half of the participants were placed in a slumped position, such that their backs were stooped and hunched over, and heads dropped down. _____(A)_____, the other participants were made to sit upright, with their shoulders pulled back and heads held high. After sitting stooped or upright for about three minutes, each participants was sent to another room and asked to try and solve several puzzles that involved tracing over a diagram without lifting their pencil off the page. _____(B)_____, many of the puzzles were impossible to solve and Riskind was only interested in how long the participants kept going in the face of failure. Describing his findings in a paper entitled 'They Stoop to Conquer', Riskind noted how the participants who had previously been sitting up straight endured for almost twice as long as the slouchers.

*stoop: 구부리다, 구부정하다 **sloucher: 구부정한 자세로 앉은 사람

(A) (B)① Rather In fact② Rather Besides③ Hence Besides④ In contrast In fact⑤ In contrast As a result

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Still, even though in each case the latter approach doesn't make rational sense, it is the irrational choice that would probably make you happier.

3회 32 삽입

Believing in what you desire to be true and then seeking evidence to justify it doesn't seem to be the best approach to everyday decisions. ( ① ) For example, if you're at the races, it is rational to bet on the horse you believe is fastest, but it doesn't make sense to believe a horse is fastest because you bet on it, ( ② ) Similarly, it makes sense to choose a job you believe is appealing, but it's irrational to believe a job is appealing because you've accepted the offer. ( ③ ) And the mind generally seems to opt for happiness. ( ④ ) In both these instances, the research indicates, it is the latter choice that people are likely to make. ( ⑤ ) The "casual arrow" in human thought processes consistently tends to point from belief to evidence, not vice versa.

3회 33–1 제목

Maybe you find yourself asking, "What if I am diagnosed with cancer?" A realistic and studied response to the question might take into account that, for certain types of cancer, the cure rate is 80 percent, and for other types it's 100 percent. A realistic response might also recognize that great strides are being made in research into treating the disease, so that, in fact, this diagnosis is not nearly as catastrophic as it might have been even a few years ago. In other words, the more comprehensive, realistic answer turns out to be manageable, while the indefinite "nonanswer" is so scary as to be debilitating. You can ask the questions, but you must be willing to answer them, as well. If you play the "what if?" game, play it all the way to the answer.

*debilitating: 쇠약하게 하는

① Are We Closer to a Cancer Cure?② Be Realistic ― Know Yourself!③ Ignorance Is Bliss; Imperfect Knowledge Is Dangerous④ Science: Its Power and Limitations⑤ Don't Leave Your Questions Unanswered!

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수완실

3회 33–2 선택 어법

Maybe you find yourself asking, "What if I am diagnosed with cancer?" A realistic and studied response to the question might take into account (A)[that / whether], for certain types of cancer, the cure rate is 80 percent, and for other types it's 100 percent. A realistic response might also recognize that great strides are being made in research into treating the disease, so that, in fact, this diagnosis is not nearly as catastrophic as it might have (B)[been / done] even a few years ago. In other words, the more comprehensive, realistic answer turns out to be manageable, while the indefinite "nonanswer" is (C)[so / such] scary as to be debilitating. You can ask the questions, but you must be willing to answer them, as well. If you play the "what if?" game, play it all the way to the answer.

*debilitating: 쇠약하게 하는

(A) (B) (C)① that been so② whether done so③ that done so④ whether done such⑤ that been such

3회 34–1 빈칸

We are programmed to _________________________. Even when we think we are being most individual in the way we present ourselves through the fashions we wear and the way we cut our hair, we are conforming to this truth. Exactitudes is an ongoing photo project started by Dutch photographer Arie Versluis and stylist Elly Yuenbroek in 1995. The two tour the world taking pictures of individuals from social groups wherever they are to be found and get individuals to pose in identical poses. They then display shorts of these individuals in grids of 4×3, so that the similarities are clear. The tattoo section shows that even when we think of the most individualist of fashions ― having someone draw on your body ― the individuals are clearly doing what other individuals are doing and not being 'different' and unique. Our efforts to be individual are ultimately in vain.

① be together ② give and take ③ be pessimistic④ deceive ourselves ⑤ help others

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3회 34–2 주제

We are programmed to be together. Even when we think we are being most individual in the way we present ourselves through the fashions we wear and the way we cut our hair, we are conforming to this truth. Exactitudes is an ongoing photo project started by Dutch photographer Arie Versluis and stylist Elly Yuenbroek in 1995. The two tour the world taking pictures of individuals from social groups wherever they are to be found and get individuals to pose in identical poses. They then display shorts of these individuals in grids of 4×3, so that the similarities are clear. The tattoo section shows that even when we think of the most individualist of fashions ― having someone draw on your body ― the individuals are clearly doing what other individuals are doing and not being 'different' and unique. Our efforts to be individual are ultimately in vain.

① how peer pressure affects consumer behavior ② the use of fashion in identity formation③ why dress codes suppress human individuality④ difficulty of opening up to strangers⑤ people's ultimate similarity behind differences


One key to understanding traffic culture is that laws themselves can explain only so much. As important, if not more so, (A)[is / are] the cultural norms, or the accepted behavior of a place. Indeed, laws are often just norms that have been codified. Take the example of the laws that (B)[say / says] that in the United States, one must drive on the right side of the road, while in the United Kingdom, one must drive on the left side of the road. These emerged not from careful scientific study or lengthy legislative debate about the relative safety of each approach (C)[but / nor] from cultural norms that existed long before the car.

*legislative: 입법부의

(A) (B) (C)① is say but② is says but③ are say but④ are says nor⑤ are say nor

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수완실


While some people are born with a particular sensitivity to sound or smell, there is ①overwhelming evidence that we live in a primarily visual culture. Supermarkets sell us tomatoes which look red and juicy but are often ②tasteless. Advertising relies more on images ― on television, billboards, websites ― than on other sensory ③inputs. We exhibit our wealth and status visually, having an elegant home or driving a stylish car. We typically judge people as attractive by their ④looks: their facial features, the shape of their body, ad the clothes they wear. That is why we say 'love at first sight', rather than, say, 'love at first sniff' ― even though we are often ⑤unaware of someone's perfume or body odor.

3회 37-1 요지

Have you ever noticed how the worst part of someone's personality is often also the best? You may know a detail-oriented accountant who never tells a joke, nor understands any, but this is in fact what makes him the perfect accountant. Or you may have an aunt who constantly embarrasses everyone with her big mouth, yet is the life of every party. The same duality applies to our species. We certainly don't like our aggressiveness, but would it be such a great idea to create a society without it? Our sports teams wouldn't care about winning or losing, entrepreneurs would be impossible to find, and pop stars would sing only boring songs. I'm not saying that aggressiveness is good, but it enters into everything we do, not just murder and mayhem. Removing human aggression is thus something to consider with care.

*mayhem: (무차별) 폭력, 대혼란

① 자신의 성격에 맞는 직업을 선택해야 한다. ② 때와 장소에 맞게 행동할 필요가 있다. ③ 폭력성은 인간의 근본적 본성 중 하나다. ④ 사회의 발전을 위해 더 많은 공격성이 필요하다.⑤ 공격성을 무조건 없애는 것이 능사는 아니다.

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3회 37-2 빈칸 어휘

Have you ever noticed how the worst part of someone's personality is often also the best? You may know a detail-oriented accountant who never tells a joke, nor understands any, but this is in fact what makes him the perfect accountant. Or you may have an aunt who constantly embarrasses everyone with her big mouth, yet is the life of every party. The same _____(A)_____ applies to our species. We certainly don't like our aggressiveness, but would it be such a great idea to create a society without it? Our sports teams wouldn't care about winning or losing, entrepreneurs would be impossible to find, and pop stars would sing only boring songs. I'm not saying that aggressiveness is good, but it enters into everything we do, not just murder and mayhem. _____(B)_____ human aggression is thus something to consider with care.


(A) (B)① duality Fostering② duality Removing③ uniformity Suppressing④ uniformity Eliminating⑤ ambiguity Breeding

3회 37-3 빈칸

Have you ever noticed how the worst part of someone's personality is often also the best? You may know a detail-oriented accountant who never tells a joke, nor understands any, but this is in fact what makes him the perfect accountant. Or you may have an aunt who constantly embarrasses everyone with her big mouth, yet is the life of every party. The same duality applies to our species. We certainly don't like our aggressiveness, but would it be such a great idea to create a society without it? Our sports teams wouldn't care about winning or losing, entrepreneurs would be impossible to find, and pop stars would sing only boring songs. I'm not saying that aggressiveness is good, but it enters into everything we do, not just murder and mayhem. Removing human aggression is thus ______________________________.


① a virtually unethical practice② nothing more than a fairy tale③ something to consider with care④ a prerequisite for social stability⑤ welcomed by all classes of society

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수완실

Our attention tends to be drawn to more _____(A)_____ things, and we may _____(B)_____ their likelihood to occur.

3회 38 요약

We spend our lives spotting patterns and picking out exceptional and interesting things. You don't waste cognitive effort, every time you walk into your house, noticing and analyzing all the many features in the visually dense environment of your kitchen. But you do notice the broken window and the missing television. When information is made more "available," as psychologists call it, it becomes very prominent. There are a number of ways this can happen, and you can pick up a picture of them from a few famous psychology experiments into the phenomenon. In one, subjects were read a list of male and female names, in equal number. Then, they were asked at the end whether there were more men or women in the list. When the men in the list had names like Ronald Reagan, but the women were unheard of, people tended to answer that there were more men than women, and vice versa.

⇩

(A) (B)① ordinary exaggerate② ordinary underrate③ notable overestimate④ notable minimize⑤ visual miscalculate

3회 39 빈칸

Many scientists in the physical world are subject to __________________________. One obvious example is in the global warming debate. Many scientists failed to notice it in its early stages as they removed from their sample the spikes in temperature, under the belief that these were not likely to recur. It may be a good idea to take out the extremes when computing the average temperatures for vacation scheduling. But it does not work when we study the physical properties of the weather ― particularly when one cares about a cumulative effect. These scientists initially ignored the fact that these spikes, although rare, had the effect of adding disproportionately to the cumulative melting of the ice cap. Just as in finance, an event, although rare, that brings large consequences cannot just be ignored.

*spike: 급등 **cumulative: 누적되는

① a kind of herd mentality② foolishness, misreading statistics③ influence of self-interest④ nearsightedness, or loss of perspective⑤ restrictions of earlier studies

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In the eyes of Plato, the "production" of artists was not only useless and unimportant, but also extremely unrealistic. When painters or sculptors imitate a person, they merely supply us with an image of that person.

3회 40 순서

(A) And from this viewpoint, Plato once again contrasts the craftsman with the artist, the "productive" with the "imitative" arts. While craftsmen produce things, artists only create images and phantasms that are unreal.

(B) And so he distinguished two important aspects of "mimesis," or imitation: first, the artist creates an image of the sensibly perceptible reality, and second, this image is unreal!

(C) The image of a person belongs to another order than that of a real human being. In spite of the similarities, the image has other properties. Plato was acutely aware of the illusionary nature of the image.

*phantasm: 환영, 환상


3회 [41~42]-1 지칭

The AMT coffee bar in Waterloo Station in London used to knock 10 percent off the cost of your coffee if you worked locally. This wasn't because the local workers were poor; ①they included top government officials and employees of a big oil company. The discount reflected the fact that local workers are price-sensitive despite being rich. ②Commuters who pass through Waterloo in a hurry see only one or two coffee bars and are willing to pay high prices for convenience. ③Local workers pop out of the office at 11 a.m. for coffee and could walk in any direction. They can buy from several cafes, all equally convenient, all of which ④they will have had a chance to sample. They are bound to be more price-sensitive, even if ⑤they are rich.

*scarcity power: 희소성의 힘

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수완실

3회 [41~42]-2 제목

The AMT coffee bar in Waterloo Station in London used to knock 10 percent off the cost of your coffee if you worked locally. This wasn't because the local workers were poor; they included top government officials and employees of a big oil company. The discount reflected the fact that local workers are price-sensitive despite being rich. Commuters who pass through Waterloo in a hurry see only one or two coffee bars and are willing to pay high prices for convenience. Local workers pop out of the office at 11 a.m. for coffee and could walk in any direction. They can buy from several cafes, all equally convenient, all of which they will have had a chance to sample. They are bound to be more price-sensitive, even if they are rich.

*scarcity power: 희소성의 힘

① The Key to Success: Small Profits and Quick Returns② Who Determines the Cost of a Cup of Coffee? ③ Discounting: Convert Your Visitors Into Customers④ Competition Drives Down Price⑤ Wrong Pricing Strategy Can Be Costly

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수완실 정답

1회

18. ② 19-1. ④ 19-2. ③ 20. ④ 21-1. ④ 21-2. ① 22-1. ① 22-2. ② 23-1. ① 23-2. ③ 24. ⑤

25. ③ 26. ⑤ 27-1. ③ 27-2. ⑤ 28. ③ 29-1. ② 29-2. ③ 30-1. ⑤ 30-2. ③ 31. ② 32-1. ①

32-2. ② 32-3. ④ 33-1. ④ 33-2. ③ 34. ③ 35-1. ① 35-2. ⑤ 35-3. ③ 36. ② 37-1. ② 37-2.

③ 38. ② 39. ③ 40. ⑤ [41~42]-1. ④ [41~42]-2. ③ [43~45]. ③

2회

18. ⑤ 19. ② 20-1. ③ 20-2. ④ 21-1. ② 21-2. ⑤ 22-1. ② 22-2. ② 23-1. ⑤ 23-2. ⑤ 24. ②

27. ④ 28. ① 29. ③ 30. ① 31. ④ 32-1. ④ 32-2. ② 33-1. ④ 33-2. ① 34-1. ③ 34-2. ③ 35.

③ 36-1. ⑤ 36-2. ② 37-1. ④ 37-2. ① 39-1. ③ 39-2. ② 40-1. ③ 40-2. ③ [41~42]. ③

3회

18-1. ④ 18-2. ② 19. ② 20. ③ 21. ② 22. ⑤ 23-1. ② 23-2. ① 24. ③ 25. ① 26. ⑤ 28. ③

29-1. ④ 29-2. ③ 31-1. ④ 31-2. ④ 32. ③ 33-1. ⑤ 33-2. ⑤ 34-1. ① 34-2. ⑤ 35. ③ 36. ⑤

37-1. ⑤ 37-2. ② 37-3. ③ 38. ③ 39. ② 40. ⑤ [41~42]-1. ② [41~42]-2. ④

1회 19-2 steve jobs - bill hewlett 각각 성격

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