1 2 gregor mendel 3 vocabulary 4 pisum sativum
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GregorMendel
Vocabulary
Pisum sativu
m
Genetic
Crosses
Mendel’s
Laws
Dominance
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Took courses in this Took courses in this subject at the subject at the
University of Vienna University of Vienna that later helped him that later helped him
with his genetic with his genetic studiesstudies
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Mendel did research Mendel did research on this --- the on this --- the
transmission of transmission of characteristics from characteristics from parent to offspringparent to offspring
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Number of traits Number of traits Mendel observed Mendel observed in his study with in his study with
pea plantspea plants
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Mendel used this Mendel used this to transfer pollen to transfer pollen from the anther to from the anther to
the stigmathe stigma of of flowersflowers
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Mendel was able to Mendel was able to document the document the
traits of each pea traits of each pea generation by generation by controlling thiscontrolling this
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Mendel stated that Mendel stated that physical traits physical traits
were inherited as were inherited as thesethese
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Pure parent pea Pure parent pea plants are obtained plants are obtained
by doing thisby doing this
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What is transfer What is transfer pollen himself or pollen himself or cross-pollinate?cross-pollinate?
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Actual observed Actual observed ratio that Mendel ratio that Mendel
got from an Fgot from an F11 monohybrid Crossmonohybrid Cross
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Percentage of tall Percentage of tall pea plants pea plants
resulting from an resulting from an FF11 Monohybrid Monohybrid
CrossCross
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Number of PNumber of P11 traits that fail traits that fail to appear in to appear in
Mendel’s FMendel’s F11 pea pea plantsplants
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Trait that appeared Trait that appeared in the Fin the F11
generation was generation was controlled by this controlled by this
factor or allelefactor or allele
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Separation of Separation of factors or alleles factors or alleles
during the during the formation of formation of
gametesgametes
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Dihybrid Crosses Dihybrid Crosses showed that alleles showed that alleles
aren’t connected aren’t connected when being when being
distributed to distributed to gametesgametes
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Number of Possible Number of Possible allele allele
Combinations in an Combinations in an FF11 Dihybrid Cross Dihybrid Cross
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Used to represent Used to represent alleles or factors alleles or factors that mask othersthat mask others
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States that States that recessive trait recessive trait alleles have no alleles have no
effect on effect on phenotype when phenotype when
paired with a paired with a dominant trait dominant trait
alleleallele
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Gives hybrids an Gives hybrids an appearance in appearance in between the between the
phenotypes of the phenotypes of the two parentstwo parents
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Multiple alleles Multiple alleles for human blood for human blood
type is an type is an exampleexample
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Type of dominance Type of dominance shown in Mendel’s shown in Mendel’s pea plant crossespea plant crosses
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Genetic
Ratios
Genetic Disorder
s
Genes Sex-linked
Mutations
Human Genetic
s
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Probability of Probability of getting hybrids getting hybrids
from an Ffrom an F11 Monohybrid CrossMonohybrid Cross
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Family record Family record showing the showing the
inheritance of a inheritance of a trait over several trait over several
generationsgenerations
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Type of mutation Type of mutation that causes death, that causes death, often before birthoften before birth
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Genetic disorder Genetic disorder that produces a that produces a
defective form of defective form of hemoglobinhemoglobin
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Genetic disorder in Genetic disorder in which the body can which the body can not metabolize the not metabolize the
amino acid amino acid phenylalaninephenylalanine
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Shows the linear Shows the linear sequence of genes sequence of genes on a chromosomeon a chromosome
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Genes found on the Genes found on the same chromosome same chromosome are said to be thisare said to be this
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X-linked disease X-linked disease usually in males usually in males that impairs the that impairs the
ability of blood to ability of blood to clotclot
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Females that do Females that do not express a trait not express a trait but can pass the but can pass the trait on to their trait on to their
offspringoffspring
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The presence of The presence of male or female male or female
hormones affects hormones affects these traitsthese traits
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Organisms with Organisms with these have a these have a
better chance of better chance of reproducingreproducing
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Loss of a piece of a Loss of a piece of a chromosome due chromosome due to chromosomal to chromosomal
breakagebreakage
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Condition in which Condition in which a zygote has only a zygote has only 45 chromosomes45 chromosomes
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Trait controlled by Trait controlled by two or more genes two or more genes such as eye or skin such as eye or skin
colorcolor
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Genetic disorder Genetic disorder found in European found in European Jews in which the Jews in which the nervous system of nervous system of
infants infants deterioratesdeteriorates
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Genetic disorder Genetic disorder carried on the X carried on the X
chromosome chromosome resulting in the resulting in the wasting away of wasting away of
musclesmuscles
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Screening for this Screening for this disorder is disorder is performed performed
immediately after immediately after birth in the United birth in the United
StatesStates
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This type of This type of dominance occurs dominance occurs
when heterozygous when heterozygous individuals & individuals &
dominant dominant homozygous homozygous
individuals are individuals are indistinguishable in indistinguishable in
phenotypephenotype