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Page 1: 1. 2 Human Resources Manager Marketing Manager Logistics Manager Security Manager IT Manager Communication Manager Project Manager Internal Supervisor

Teamwork

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Human Resources Manager

Marketing Manager

Logistics Manager

Security Manager

IT Manager

Communication Manager

Project Manager

Internal Supervisor

Public Relations Manager

Product Development

Manager

Worker

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What is a Team?

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A group of people pooling their skills, talents, and knowledge, with mutual support and resources, to provide effective solutions to problems.

Why Work in Teams?

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Teamwork

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Danger of Teamwork?5

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Teamwork (and Coordination) can Do a Great Thing.

Ark Hotel, China15-Story building construction

in just 6 daysLevel 9 earthquake resistant5 times more energy efficient 1% construction wasteAll components factory madeConstruction materials much lighter (250

kg/m2) than the traditional materials (> 1,500 kg/m2)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ps0DSihggio

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Similar Building in Shanghai Toppled over

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Why do We need Teamwork?After implementing the team concept within its

organization, Federal Express reported a 40% increase in productivity. Similarly, Boeing experienced a decrease of over 50% in engineering problems on its 777 passenger jets after instituting the team approach (Davis and Miller, 1996). Today, leaders in business and industry across the nation are citing the ability to work collaboratively as requisite to success in the global economic environment (Lookatch, 1996). However, employers indicate that today’s entry-level workers lack this critical workplace competency (Alexander and Stone, 1997).

Traditionally students in America are taught that success means competition rather than cooperation - independence rather than interdependence (Flynn, 1995; Graham & Graham, 1997).

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Teamwork and Communication:Exploring Mental Maps

We cannot not communicate. When ever two persons get in contact, they will exchange information, consciously or unconsciously, verbal or non-verbal. The tricky thing is, that in a communication process there is a transmitter and a receiver, and the meaning of a communication is not the intend of the transmitter, but the reaction it elicits at the receiver.

At breakfast, a mother might ask to her adolescent son: "Where have you been last night?", just having the intention to take part in the life of her grown-up. The son might understand a different message, like: "As long as you live in my house, I would like to have control of your movement." And off he goes to school, pulling a bitter-sour face. Do you think it’s his problem?

What's about the following? A director of an organization calls for a meeting of the entire staff. He tells them: "We have developed a vision of the future. We want to be the first company in our sector, the brightest star among all others. We wish you to come on board and share this future of light." Three quarters of the staff understand: "I want you to work harder, and those who do not comply with the new standards will be left behind." Who is right, the boss or the staff? Or is it a tricky question?

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Importance of CommunicationGenesis 11:1-91 Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. 2 As men moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. 3 They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. 4 Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth." 5 But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the men were building. 6 The LORD said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. 7 Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other." 8 So the LORD scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why it was called Babel - because there the LORD confused the language of the whole world. From there the LORD scattered them over the face of the whole earth.

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Good Team PlayLuke 6:36-37

Jesus taught them saying, “Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful. Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven.

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Seven Essential Skills for Teamwork

1. Listening

2. Questioning

3. Persuading

4. Respecting

5. Helping

6. Sharing

7. Participating 14

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Paradigm Shifts

Ordinary people can achieve extraordinary results.

Allow people to failPeople who are afraid to fail are also afraid to take

chances. Optimal solutions to difficult problems almost always require taking chances.

Criticism equals loyaltyPeople who care want the best.

Teamwork equals cheatingThis attitude is instilled in us throughout our

education, most of which is built on a competitive framework. 15

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Paradigm Shifts - continued

Negotiating for Win-WinWin-Win works best

when the only alternative is "no deal." This way, no one ever loses.

Ego suppressionPlaces the team's

achievements ahead of personal achievements.

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Paradigm Shifts - continued

"We bring people together because we know they will disagree."Tie disagreements back to the team's reason for

existence, and to the individual's reasons for committing to the team.

"A highly functioning team does not need either carrots or sticks.”

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RecommendationsEffective teamwork requires a culture change. Time and resources must be devoted to teamwork. Teamwork roles and responsibilities must be recognized

as real and continuing job responsibilities, and are equally important with technical- and business-related job responsibilities.

Teamwork is a skill that requires training, practice, and evaluation.

Recognition and awards to teams are essential in achieving the culture change.

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Role DefinitionMaintain a skills inventory for all team

members. Include teamwork and people- oriented skills as well as technical and business skills. Even hobbies may be useful if there can be a transfer of skills or knowledge to work on a team assignment or problem.

When building teams, consider roles, skills, career goals, motivation, and personalities.

Evaluate teamwork, including feedback. Allow for teambuilding activities. This includes more

than having an afternoon at the lake; it also includes work activities that focus on specific issues facing the team.

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Group Roles: Team Leader

Makes team members focusOrganizes the group (agendas)Works closely with the facilitatorEncourages equal

participation….Delegate!Recognizes and celebrates

accomplishmentsLeads creation of deliverables

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Keep the team on

track and on focus

Allow the team to make

its own decisions

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Group Roles: Facilitator

Makes things happen with easeStay on track and follow ground rules

Helps the group with the ‘how’ decisionsUse tools such as brainstorming and

prioritizingKeep on schedule (agenda)

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Agenda Preparationby Leader and Facilitator

Meeting location, date, and timeList of team members, roles, and

contact informationRequired pre-work, such as reading,

research or deliverablesA meeting objective(s)A list of action items with assignees

and time allotmentsThe date and time of the next meeting

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Group Roles: Team RecorderKeeps notesDocuments decisionsReviews the agenda for action itemsSends the group meeting summery on

behalf of the team leader

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Group Roles: True or False?1. The recorder should make sure everyone is

participating.2. Team members should accept the agenda as it

is, and not make suggestions for modifying it.3. Team leaders should attend all meetings, but

never say anything. It tends to intimidating people.

4. It is a good idea for the role of facilitator to rotate from member to member

5. No-so-helpful roles like Blockers, Jokers, Disruptors, or Loners are simply part of any team’s make-up. Accept these individuals for who they are and let them have their say in team meetings.

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First Tasks as a Group

Exchange contact info!!Establish group rolesEstablish ground rulesSchedule first meetingDivide the work, establish

deadlines for first deliverablesBrainstorm resources

Remember this is a cooperative learning venture!

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How to Get Cooperation

Be direct. If you want something done, ask. Co-workers can resist hints and innuendoes.

Ban blaming. Finding fault can prevent both sides from seeking another way to solve a problem. If you’re blamed, let it slide and say "Let’s look at the facts." Last resort: Get an outside party to help.

Stay focused. Don’t generalize by saying "You never finish on time." Note only the current offense. Ask: "How can I finish on time next time?"   

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How to Get Cooperation - continued

Negotiate. Instead of demanding, ask "What do you need to finish this by the deadline?" Then suggest ways to help.

Realign priorities. People who don’t cooperate have different priorities. To make theirs the same as yours, show how you both will benefit by completing the task. Example: "Once we get this done, we’ll be able to move on to that project you wanted to do."   

Say less. Some people resent following orders, so be subtle. Example: Post an itemized goal list. 

Let it go. If you find yourself nagging others too much, it may be time to evaluate your own duties. Are you trying to compensate for your own lack of progress? Recognize the time and effort colleagues put into the process.

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Giving Constructive Feedback

Be descriptive and speak for yourself

Don’t use labels, exaggerate, or be judgmental

Phrase the issue as a statement, not a question

Restrict your feedback to things you know for certain

Keep non-verbal communications in mind

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Receiving Feedback

Breathe (don’t take it personal)

Listen carefully

Ask questions for clarity

Acknowledge the valid points

Take time to sort out what you heard

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Tips for Conflict ResolutionState your views in clear

non-judgmental language

Clarify the core issues

Listen carefully to each person’s point of view

Check understanding of the disagreement by restating the core issues

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