1. 2 is ot & nt worship essentiallyidentical in its underlying theology? ©2014 barry liesch...

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Is OT & NT WorshipIs OT & NT Worship

Essentially Essentially

IdenticalIdenticalin its in its underlyingunderlying theology? theology?

©2014 Barry Liesch Biola University La Mirada, California©2014 Barry Liesch Biola University La Mirada, California

Is OT & NT WorshipIs OT & NT Worship

Essentially Essentially

IdenticalIdenticalin its in its underlyingunderlying theology? theology?

©2014 Barry Liesch Biola University La Mirada, California©2014 Barry Liesch Biola University La Mirada, California

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What sort of idealWhat sort of ideal

““worship world” worship world”

is projected is projected

by the OT and NT?by the OT and NT?

What sort of idealWhat sort of ideal

““worship world” worship world”

is projected is projected

by the OT and NT?by the OT and NT?

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The RequirementThe Requirement

ShemaShema (The Supreme Command) (The Supreme Command) Deut 6:4Deut 6:4

Hear, O Israel: The Lord your God is one. You Hear, O Israel: The Lord your God is one. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might.and with all your soul, and with all your might.

How does the verse proceed/develop?How does the verse proceed/develop?Monotheistic?Monotheistic?

From the inside out?From the inside out? Heart = inner being Heart = inner being Soul = whole person Soul = whole person Might = resourcesMight = resources

Three widening, concentric circles Three widening, concentric circles (Daniel Block)(Daniel Block)


ShemaShema (The Supreme Command) (The Supreme Command) Deut 6:4Deut 6:4

Hear, O Israel: The Lord your God is one. You Hear, O Israel: The Lord your God is one. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might.and with all your soul, and with all your might.

How does the verse proceed/develop?How does the verse proceed/develop?Monotheistic?Monotheistic?

From the inside out?From the inside out? Heart = inner being Heart = inner being Soul = whole person Soul = whole person Might = resourcesMight = resources

Three widening, concentric circles Three widening, concentric circles (Daniel Block)(Daniel Block)

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Lawyer asked what is the greatest commandment?Lawyer asked what is the greatest commandment?

Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. This is the strength, and with all your mind. This is the first first and greatest and greatest commandment. commandment.

And the second is like it: You shall love your And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the commandments depend all the law and the prophets. prophets. Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27

How do verses develop? Similarities with Shema?How do verses develop? Similarities with Shema?



Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. This is the strength, and with all your mind. This is the first first and greatest and greatest commandment. commandment.

And the second is like it: You shall love your And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the commandments depend all the law and the prophets. prophets. Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27

How do verses develop? Similarities with Shema?How do verses develop? Similarities with Shema?

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Jesus replied, You shall Jesus replied, You shall lovelove the Lord the Lord with all your with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. This is the strength, and with all your mind. This is the first first and greatest and greatest commandment. commandment.

And the second is like it: You shall And the second is like it: You shall lovelove your your neighborneighbor as yourself. On these two as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the commandments depend all the law and the prophets. prophets. Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27



Jesus replied, You shall Jesus replied, You shall lovelove the Lord the Lord with all your with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. This is the strength, and with all your mind. This is the first first and greatest and greatest commandment. commandment.

And the second is like it: You shall And the second is like it: You shall lovelove your your neighborneighbor as yourself. On these two as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the commandments depend all the law and the prophets. prophets. Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27

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The Primacy of Love in OT/NTThe Primacy of Love in OT/NTRelationship precedes ResponsibilityRelationship precedes Responsibility

You shall You shall lovelove the Lord your God with all your the Lord your God with all your

heart, and with all your soul, and with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. might. Duet 6:4Duet 6:4

Jesus replied, You shall Jesus replied, You shall lovelove the Lord with all your the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the mind. This is the first and greatest first and greatest commandment. commandment. Matt 22:37Matt 22:37

If you If you lovelove me, you will keep my commandments… me, you will keep my commandments…they who have my commandments and keep they who have my commandments and keep them are those who them are those who lovelove me. me. John 14:15, John 14:15, 2121

The Primacy of Love in OT/NTThe Primacy of Love in OT/NTRelationship precedes ResponsibilityRelationship precedes Responsibility

You shall You shall lovelove the Lord your God with all your the Lord your God with all your

heart, and with all your soul, and with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. might. Duet 6:4Duet 6:4

Jesus replied, You shall Jesus replied, You shall lovelove the Lord with all your the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the mind. This is the first and greatest first and greatest commandment. commandment. Matt 22:37Matt 22:37

If you If you lovelove me, you will keep my commandments… me, you will keep my commandments…they who have my commandments and keep they who have my commandments and keep them are those who them are those who lovelove me. me. John 14:15, John 14:15, 2121

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The Comprehensive RequirementThe Comprehensive Requirement

And now Israel, what does the Lord your God And now Israel, what does the Lord your God requirerequire of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13your good. Deut 10:12, 13

The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first? The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first?


And now Israel, what does the Lord your God And now Israel, what does the Lord your God requirerequire of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13your good. Deut 10:12, 13


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And now Israel, what does the Lord your God And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to require of you, but to fearfear the Lord God, to the Lord God, to walkwalk in all his ways, to in all his ways, to lovelove him, to him, to serveserve the Lord our the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to and to keepkeep the commandments and statutes of the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13your good. Deut 10:12, 13


Fear, Love Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; (attitudes of heart; love is middle termlove is middle term))Walk, Serve, Keep Walk, Serve, Keep (active expressions, actions)(active expressions, actions)The The fearfear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge Prov 1 of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge Prov 1




Fear, Love Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; (attitudes of heart; love is middle termlove is middle term))Walk, Serve, Keep Walk, Serve, Keep (active expressions, actions)(active expressions, actions)The The fearfear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge Prov 1 of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge Prov 1

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Fear, Love Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; (attitudes of heart; love is middle termlove is middle term))Walk, Serve, Keep Walk, Serve, Keep (active expressions, actions)(active expressions, actions)NoticeNotice: attitudes and actions are united : attitudes and actions are united (D. Block)(D. Block)




Fear, Love Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; (attitudes of heart; love is middle termlove is middle term))Walk, Serve, Keep Walk, Serve, Keep (active expressions, actions)(active expressions, actions)NoticeNotice: attitudes and actions are united : attitudes and actions are united (D. Block)(D. Block)

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The Requirement RepeatedThe Requirement Repeated

You shall You shall fearfear the Lord your God. You shall the Lord your God. You shall serveserve him and him and hold fast hold fast to him, and by his name you to him, and by his name you shall swearshall swear. Deut 10:20. Deut 10:20

You shall therefore You shall therefore demonstrate love demonstrate love for the Lord for the Lord and and keepkeep his charge, his statutes, and his his charge, his statutes, and his commandments always. Deut 11:1commandments always. Deut 11:1

CircumciseCircumcise therefore the foreskin of your therefore the foreskin of your heartheart and and be no longer stubbornbe no longer stubborn. For the Lord your . For the Lord your God is God of Gods and Lord of Lords, the great, God is God of Gods and Lord of Lords, the great, the mighty and awesome God. Deut 10: 16, 17 the mighty and awesome God. Deut 10: 16, 17

The Requirement RepeatedThe Requirement Repeated

You shall You shall fearfear the Lord your God. You shall the Lord your God. You shall serveserve him and him and hold fast hold fast to him, and by his name you to him, and by his name you shall swearshall swear. Deut 10:20. Deut 10:20

You shall therefore You shall therefore demonstrate love demonstrate love for the Lord for the Lord and and keepkeep his charge, his statutes, and his his charge, his statutes, and his commandments always. Deut 11:1commandments always. Deut 11:1

CircumciseCircumcise therefore the foreskin of your therefore the foreskin of your heartheart and and be no longer stubbornbe no longer stubborn. For the Lord your . For the Lord your God is God of Gods and Lord of Lords, the great, God is God of Gods and Lord of Lords, the great, the mighty and awesome God. Deut 10: 16, 17 the mighty and awesome God. Deut 10: 16, 17

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The RequirementThe RequirementHolinessHoliness

……as he who has called you is holy, as he who has called you is holy, be holbe holy y

in all your conductin all your conduct

because it is written, because it is written, ““You shall be holy,You shall be holy,

for I am holyfor I am holy””I Peter 1:16,17I Peter 1:16,17

(Lev 19:2)(Lev 19:2)

The RequirementThe RequirementHolinessHoliness

……as he who has called you is holy, as he who has called you is holy, be holbe holy y

in all your conductin all your conduct

because it is written, because it is written, ““You shall be holy,You shall be holy,

for I am holyfor I am holy””I Peter 1:16,17I Peter 1:16,17

(Lev 19:2)(Lev 19:2)

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Basis of RequirementBasis of Requirement

Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is within it. Deut 10:14within it. Deut 10:14

He is your praise. He is your God who has done He is your praise. He is your God who has done for you these great and terrible things that your for you these great and terrible things that your eyes have seen. Deut eyes have seen. Deut 10:2110:21


Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is within it. Deut 10:14within it. Deut 10:14

He is your praise. He is your God who has done He is your praise. He is your God who has done for you these great and terrible things that your for you these great and terrible things that your eyes have seen. Deut eyes have seen. Deut 10:2110:21

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Behold, to the Lord your God Behold, to the Lord your God belongbelong heaven and heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is within it. Deut 10:14within it. Deut 10:14

He is your praise. He is He is your praise. He is your God your God who has who has done done for youfor you these great and terrible things that your these great and terrible things that your eyes have seen. Deut eyes have seen. Deut 10:2110:21


Behold, to the Lord your God Behold, to the Lord your God belongbelong heaven and heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is within it. Deut 10:14within it. Deut 10:14

He is your praise. He is He is your praise. He is your God your God who has who has done done for youfor you these great and terrible things that your these great and terrible things that your eyes have seen. Deut eyes have seen. Deut 10:2110:21

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Not Impressed by Not Impressed by IdolIdol Worship Worship

Hosea: Sarcasm & Scorn!Hosea: Sarcasm & Scorn!

[My people] offer [My people] offer sacrificessacrifices on the mountain tops, on the mountain tops,And burn And burn incenseincense on the hills, on the hills,Under oaks, populars, and terebinths,Under oaks, populars, and terebinths,Because their shade is good Because their shade is good Hos 4:13Hos 4:13

Not Impressed by Not Impressed by IdolIdol Worship Worship

Hosea: Sarcasm & Scorn!Hosea: Sarcasm & Scorn!

[My people] offer [My people] offer sacrificessacrifices on the mountain tops, on the mountain tops,And burn And burn incenseincense on the hills, on the hills,Under oaks, populars, and terebinths,Under oaks, populars, and terebinths,Because their shade is good Because their shade is good Hos 4:13Hos 4:13

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God Not Impressed by Mere ExternalsGod Not Impressed by Mere Externals

What does the Lord What does the Lord requirerequire of you of youbut to do justice, and to walk humbly before your but to do justice, and to walk humbly before your

God. Micah 6:6-8God. Micah 6:6-8 What might Evangelicals expect instead? What might Evangelicals expect instead?

To steadfastly perform the OT rituals? To steadfastly perform the OT rituals? To scrupulously present offerings, To scrupulously present offerings,

sacrifices?sacrifices?

In OT theology, true piety is not demonstrated In OT theology, true piety is not demonstrated primarilyprimarily by impressive ritual, but by doing by impressive ritual, but by doing justice, by walking humbly before God.justice, by walking humbly before God.


What does the Lord What does the Lord requirerequire of you of youbut to do justice, and to walk humbly before your but to do justice, and to walk humbly before your

God. Micah 6:6-8God. Micah 6:6-8 What might Evangelicals expect instead? What might Evangelicals expect instead?

To steadfastly perform the OT rituals? To steadfastly perform the OT rituals? To scrupulously present offerings, To scrupulously present offerings,

sacrifices?sacrifices?

In OT theology, true piety is not demonstrated In OT theology, true piety is not demonstrated primarilyprimarily by impressive ritual, but by doing by impressive ritual, but by doing justice, by walking humbly before God.justice, by walking humbly before God.

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Amos Amos 5:21-24Amos Amos 5:21-24I hate, I despise your I hate, I despise your feasts feasts And I take no delight in your And I take no delight in your solemnsolemn assembliesassemblies..Even though you offer me your Even though you offer me your burntburnt offeringsofferings and and

grain offeringsgrain offerings, I will not accept them;, I will not accept them;And the And the peace offerings peace offerings of your fattened animals I of your fattened animals I

will not look upon them.will not look upon them.Take away from me the noise of your Take away from me the noise of your songssongs;;to the to the melodymelody of your harps of your harps I will not listen.I will not listen.But let justice roll down like waters, and But let justice roll down like waters, and

righteousness like an ever flowing stream.righteousness like an ever flowing stream.


Amos Amos 5:21-24Amos Amos 5:21-24I hate, I despise your I hate, I despise your feasts feasts And I take no delight in your And I take no delight in your solemnsolemn assembliesassemblies..Even though you offer me your Even though you offer me your burntburnt offeringsofferings and and

grain offeringsgrain offerings, I will not accept them;, I will not accept them;And the And the peace offerings peace offerings of your fattened animals I of your fattened animals I

will not look upon them.will not look upon them.Take away from me the noise of your Take away from me the noise of your songssongs;;to the to the melodymelody of your harps of your harps I will not listen.I will not listen.But let justice roll down like waters, and But let justice roll down like waters, and

righteousness like an ever flowing stream.righteousness like an ever flowing stream.

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Not Impressed by Mere ExternalsNot Impressed by Mere Externals

SamuelSamuelHas YHWH as great delight in burnt offerings and Has YHWH as great delight in burnt offerings and

sacrifices, as obeying the voice of YHWH? sacrifices, as obeying the voice of YHWH? Look, Look, to obey is better than sacrificeto obey is better than sacrifice, and to listen , and to listen

[is preferable to] the fat of rams. I Sam [is preferable to] the fat of rams. I Sam 15:2215:22

Affirmed by Scribe & Jesus in NTAffirmed by Scribe & Jesus in NT[Scribe]…to love him with all the heart…to love [Scribe]…to love him with all the heart…to love

one’s neighbor as oneself one’s neighbor as oneself – this is much more – this is much more important than all the whole burnt offerings and important than all the whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.sacrifices.

Jesus saw that he answered wisely… Jesus saw that he answered wisely… You are not You are not far from the kingdom of God.far from the kingdom of God. Mark 12:33, 34Mark 12:33, 34

Not Impressed by Mere ExternalsNot Impressed by Mere Externals

SamuelSamuelHas YHWH as great delight in burnt offerings and Has YHWH as great delight in burnt offerings and

sacrifices, as obeying the voice of YHWH? sacrifices, as obeying the voice of YHWH? Look, Look, to obey is better than sacrificeto obey is better than sacrifice, and to listen , and to listen

[is preferable to] the fat of rams. I Sam [is preferable to] the fat of rams. I Sam 15:2215:22

Affirmed by Scribe & Jesus in NTAffirmed by Scribe & Jesus in NT[Scribe]…to love him with all the heart…to love [Scribe]…to love him with all the heart…to love

one’s neighbor as oneself one’s neighbor as oneself – this is much more – this is much more important than all the whole burnt offerings and important than all the whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.sacrifices.

Jesus saw that he answered wisely… Jesus saw that he answered wisely… You are not You are not far from the kingdom of God.far from the kingdom of God. Mark 12:33, 34Mark 12:33, 34

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Jesus Not Jesus Not ImpressedImpressed by Mere Externals by Mere Externals

Woe to you scribes and Pharisees Matt 23Woe to you scribes and Pharisees Matt 23……they do all their deeds to be seen…they love the they do all their deeds to be seen…they love the

place of honor… to be greeted with respect…place of honor… to be greeted with respect………you clean the you clean the outsideoutside of the cup and plate, but of the cup and plate, but

inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence…inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence…on the on the outside outside [you] look righteous but inside you [you] look righteous but inside you are full of hypocrisy…are full of hypocrisy…

……you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have have neglected the weightier mattersneglected the weightier matters of the law: of the law: justice, mercy and faith. You blind guides! justice, mercy and faith. You blind guides! You You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel!strain out a gnat but swallow a camel!

Jesus Not Jesus Not ImpressedImpressed by Mere Externals by Mere Externals

Woe to you scribes and Pharisees Matt 23Woe to you scribes and Pharisees Matt 23……they do all their deeds to be seen…they love the they do all their deeds to be seen…they love the

place of honor… to be greeted with respect…place of honor… to be greeted with respect………you clean the you clean the outsideoutside of the cup and plate, but of the cup and plate, but

inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence…inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence…on the on the outside outside [you] look righteous but inside you [you] look righteous but inside you are full of hypocrisy…are full of hypocrisy…

……you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have have neglected the weightier mattersneglected the weightier matters of the law: of the law: justice, mercy and faith. You blind guides! justice, mercy and faith. You blind guides! You You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel!strain out a gnat but swallow a camel!

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Isaiah and Jesus Not Impressed by ExternalsIsaiah and Jesus Not Impressed by Externals

IsaiahIsaiah Is 29:13Is 29:13

The Lord said, because these people draw near The Lord said, because these people draw near with their mouth and honor me with their lips with their mouth and honor me with their lips while their hearts are far from mewhile their hearts are far from me, and their fear , and their fear of me is a commandment taught by men… of me is a commandment taught by men… Therefore…the wisdom of their wise shall Therefore…the wisdom of their wise shall perish…perish…

JesusJesus Matt 15:8, 9Matt 15:8, 9

This people honors me with their lips, This people honors me with their lips, but their but their hearts are far from mehearts are far from me; in vain do they worship ; in vain do they worship me, teaching human precepts as doctrines.me, teaching human precepts as doctrines.

Isaiah and Jesus Not Impressed by ExternalsIsaiah and Jesus Not Impressed by Externals

IsaiahIsaiah Is 29:13Is 29:13

The Lord said, because these people draw near The Lord said, because these people draw near with their mouth and honor me with their lips with their mouth and honor me with their lips while their hearts are far from mewhile their hearts are far from me, and their fear , and their fear of me is a commandment taught by men… of me is a commandment taught by men… Therefore…the wisdom of their wise shall Therefore…the wisdom of their wise shall perish…perish…

JesusJesus Matt 15:8, 9Matt 15:8, 9

This people honors me with their lips, This people honors me with their lips, but their but their hearts are far from mehearts are far from me; in vain do they worship ; in vain do they worship me, teaching human precepts as doctrines.me, teaching human precepts as doctrines.

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What picture do you get of OT worship?What picture do you get of OT worship?

What is primary?What is primary?

What is secondary?What is secondary?

Does this change your picture of OT worship?Does this change your picture of OT worship?

Is the underlying theology identical?Is the underlying theology identical?

What picture do you get of OT worship?What picture do you get of OT worship?

What is primary?What is primary?

What is secondary?What is secondary?

Does this change your picture of OT worship?Does this change your picture of OT worship?

Is the underlying theology identical?Is the underlying theology identical?

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Our challenge as worship leaders:Our challenge as worship leaders:

To align To align ourselvesourselves with the with the

Doctrines, Priorities, PracticesDoctrines, Priorities, Practices

of OT and NT worshipof OT and NT worship

Our challenge as worship leaders:Our challenge as worship leaders:

To align To align ourselvesourselves with the with the

Doctrines, Priorities, PracticesDoctrines, Priorities, Practices

of OT and NT worshipof OT and NT worship

1. 2 is ot & nt worship essentiallyidentical in its underlying theology? ©2014 barry liesch...

Documents

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