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Managing Volcanic Unrest:the Mobile Volcano Fast Response System

Matthias Hort, Klemen ZakšekInstitute of GeophysicsUniversity of Hamburg

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Motivation

• The majority of the active and dangerous volcanoes are located around the pacific ring of fire.

• Half of them are located in third world countries.

• We therefore develop a mobile VFRS (volcano fast response system) to support those countries in case of a volcanic crisis.

USGS, 1991

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IFM-GEOMAR

Uni. Hamburg

Uni. PotsdamGFZBGR Hanover

TU Darmstadt

LMU MunichTU Munich

DLR Oberpfaffenhofen

Institutions contributing to the VFRS

Jena-Optronik GmbH

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• Can be installed fast due to intelligent, cable-free communication between the different stations and a data center.

• A larger number of different stations can be deployed quickly.

• All data are collected in a central database including data from an existing network.

• Open system that can deal with various types of data including novel monitoring techniques.

• Data are visualized and partially analyzed in real time.• Objective and reliable data evaluation are carried out

including recommendations for crisis management.

Requirements for the VFRS

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Exupery VFRS project strategy

quantitive physicalmodels

terrestrialobservationsincl. WLANcommunication

satellite basedobservations

database, visualization,alert levels, early warnings

overall projectcoordination

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Satellite based observations in Exupéry

Volcanic SO2 plumesGround deformationThermal anomalies

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Detection of volcanic sulfur dioxide from the GOME-2 instrument using DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy)

GOME-2 observation of theSO2 plume a day after theEruption of Etna in Italy(11.05.2008).

Monitoring volcanic SO2 plumes

http://wdc.dlr.de/data_products/SERVICES/GOME2NRT/so2.php DLR

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Backward trajectories starting on 11.05.2008. Subset related to Etna and GOME- 2 SO2 data.

Estimated injection height of theEtna eruption.

Monitoring volcanic SO2 plumes –backward trajectories

DLR

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Goals

InSAR ground deformation monitoring – goals

• Develop new SAR interferometry methods optimized for volcanoes

• Investigate potential of different satellites (TerraSAR-X, ENVISAT/ASAR, ALOS/PALSAR) with different frequency bands and spatial resolution

• Fusion of multi-geometry / multi-satellite observations• Different view geometries for 3D motion vector derivation and for

shadowing/layover

• Increased observation frequency to capture sudden events

DLR, TU Munich

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InSAR ground deformation monitoring – first results

• Example for Stromboli (from February till July 2008)• Persistent scatterer interferometry techniques with 10

acquisitions allows detection of the potential motion areas with TerraSAR-X.

• Maximum estimated displacement equals +-30mm/year

DLR, TU Munich

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New material

www.mvo.ms

Montserrat change detection(radar amplitude)

DLR, TU Munich

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• Characterise clusters and not single pixels.• The most reliable parameter is radiant flux.

• AVHRR 10 images per day• MODIS 4 images per day• Kalman filter

fuse data to minimisethe noise and improvetemporal resolution

Monitoring thermal anomalies – strategy

Uni. Hamburg

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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308

day of year

Radiant flux [MW]

Time series for Etna eruption (October, November 2003)

Monitoring thermal anomalies –first results

Uni. Hamburg

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Other parts of Exupéry

Terrestrial observations incl. WLAN communicationDatabase, visualization, alert levels, early warnings

Quantitive physical modelsPrototype installation

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Gas flux monitoringusing Mini-DOAS

Ground deformation monitoring using a combination of terrestrial SAR and GPS

Terrestrial observations

Aside from classic seismic observation systems, we attempt to incorporate two novel terrestrial observational techniques:

TU Darmstadt IFM GEOMAR

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WLAN

BATTERIES

FUEL CELL (OPTIONAL)

INSTRUMENT

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL (PV)

POWER BOX

15V POWER SUPPLY/PoE

FUSE AND BATTERY BREAKER

SOLAR CHARGE

CONTROLLER

PoE

US

B

RS232

POWER

PO

WE

R

LAN

ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM

WIRELESS LAN RADIO

Wlan communication

FUSE ANDBATTERYBREAKER

SOLARCHARGE

CONTROLLER

15 V POWERSUPPLY / PoE

Uni. Hamburg

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Data analysis &quantitative physical models

GFZ, Uni. Potsdam, Uni. Hamburg

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Database, visualization,alert levels, early warnings

Terrestrialobservations

Satteliteobservations

GeoTIFF

MiniSEED

ASCII

Otherformats

Quantitivephysical model

GIS

LMU Munich,BGR Hanover,Jena-Optronik

Automatic alert level estimation using Bayesian Belief Networks

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VFRS prototype installation

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Matthias Hortmatthias.hort@zmaw.deTel: +49 40 42838 3969

Klemen Zakšekklemen.zaksek@zmaw.deTel: +49 40 42838 4921

Institute of GeophysicsUniversity of HamburgBundesstrasse 55D-20146 HamburgGermanyFax: +49 40 42838 5441http://geophysics.zmaw.de

www.exupery-vfrs.de