1 2014 belgium / flanders education at a glance. in 2012 around 35% of the adult population in b...
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1
2014
Belgium / Flanders
Education at a Glance
In 2012 around 35% of the adult population in B held a tertiary qualification
Percentage of tertiary-educated adults in 2000 and 2012
Ch
ina
So
uth
Afr
ica
Ind
on
esi
aB
razi
lT
urk
ey
Italy
Ch
ileM
exi
coP
ort
ug
al
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
licC
olo
mb
iaA
ust
ria
Hu
ng
ary
Po
lan
dS
love
nia
Gre
ece
Ge
rma
ny
La
tvia
EU
21
ave
rag
eF
ran
ceS
pa
inO
EC
D a
vera
ge
Ne
the
rla
nd
sD
en
ma
rkIc
ela
nd
Be
lgiu
mS
we
de
nS
witz
erl
an
dE
sto
nia
No
rwa
yL
uxe
mb
ou
rgF
inla
nd
Ire
lan
dN
ew
Ze
ala
nd
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Au
stra
liaK
ore
aU
nite
d S
tate
sIs
rae
lJa
pa
nC
an
ad
aR
uss
ian
Fe
de
ratio
n
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2012%
Chart A1.1
Fl has a wide distribution of literacy proficiency across education levels…
Mean literacy score, by educational attainment (2012)Ja
pan
Net
herla
nds
Fin
land
Sw
eden
Aus
tral
ia
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fla
nder
s (B
elgi
um)
Nor
way
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Ave
rage
Pol
and
Aus
tria
Eng
land
/N. I
rela
nd (
UK
)
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Fra
nce
Ger
man
y
Den
mar
k
Irel
and
Kor
ea
Can
ada
Est
onia
Spa
in
Italy
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
Below upper secondary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary education
Chart A1.4
…but the low- and mid-educated do rather poorly
Percentage of adults scoring at literacy proficiency Level 4/5, by educational attainment (2012)
Japa
n
Fin
land
Net
herla
nds
Sw
eden
Aus
tral
ia
Nor
way
Fla
nder
s (B
elgi
um)
Eng
land
/N. I
rela
nd (
UK
)
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Ave
rage
Pol
and
Can
ada
Aus
tria
Ger
man
y
Irel
and
Fra
nce
Den
mar
k
Est
onia
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Kor
ea
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
Spa
in
Italy
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Below upper secondary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary education%
Chart A1.5
Younger adults perform better in literacy proficiency than older adults
Percentage of younger and older adults scoring at literacy proficiency Level 4 or 5 in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2012)
Fin
lan
d
Jap
an
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Sw
ed
en
Fla
nd
ers
(B
elg
ium
)
No
rwa
y
Au
stra
lia
Ca
na
da
Ave
rag
e
En
gla
nd
/N. I
rela
nd
...
De
nm
ark
Est
on
ia
Ge
rma
ny
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Po
lan
d
Ko
rea
Fra
nce
Au
stri
a
Ire
lan
d
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Sp
ain
Italy
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
25-34 year-olds 55-64 year-olds%
Chart A1.6
In Fl only 71% completes upper sec education within the theoretical duration, an extra 16% within two extra years
Successful completion of upper secondary programmes (N: theoretical duration of the programmes)
Ko
rea
Jap
an
Ire
lan
d
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Isra
el
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Gre
ece
Hu
ng
ary
Est
on
ia
Po
lan
d
Slo
ven
ia
Ca
na
da
Sw
ed
en
Tu
rke
y
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Au
stri
a
Be
lgiu
m (
Fl.)
Fin
lan
d
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Italy
Ch
ile
Me
xico
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Sp
ain
De
nm
ark
Fra
nce
No
rwa
y
Ice
lan
d
Lu
xem
bo
urg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Completion after N years Completion after N+2 years%
Chart A2.4
The successful upper secondary completion rate of boys in Fl is only 65%, below OECD average (girls 77%)
Successful completion of upper secondary programmes, by gender (N: theoretical duration of the programmes)
Ko
rea
Jap
an
Isra
el
Ire
lan
d
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Gre
ece
Hu
ng
ary
Po
lan
d
Est
on
ia
Tu
rke
y
Be
lgiu
m (
Fl.)
Ca
na
da
Slo
ven
ia
Au
stri
a
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Sw
ed
en
Italy
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Fin
lan
d
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Ch
ile
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
No
rwa
y
Me
xico
De
nm
ark
Fra
nce
Sp
ain
Ice
lan
d
Lu
xem
bo
urg
0
20
40
60
80
100
Girls completion after N years Boys completion after N years
Chart A2.5
%
In B the median age of finishing university is 22, the lowest age across OECD countries
Average age of graduates at ISCED 5A level and age distribution (2012)
Ice
lan
d
Bra
zil
Sw
ed
en
Isra
el
Fin
lan
d
Ch
ile
De
nm
ark
No
rwa
y
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Sp
ain
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Au
stri
a
La
tvia
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Au
stra
lia
Hu
ng
ary
Po
rtu
ga
l
Italy
Slo
ven
ia
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Po
lan
d
Tu
rke
y
Gre
ece
Est
on
ia
Ca
na
da
Ire
lan
d
Ko
rea
Ge
rma
ny
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Me
xico
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Ind
on
esi
a
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Be
lgiu
m
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
Tertiary-type A programmes (first degree) 20% of first degree graduates are below… 80% of first degree graduates are below…
Chart A3.1
In Fl 45% of adults have the same education as their parents…
Percentage of 25-64 year-old non-students whose educational attainment is the same as (status quo) that of their parents
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Italy
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Ge
rma
ny
Au
stri
a
Sp
ain
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Po
lan
d
Ave
rag
e
De
nm
ark
Jap
an
En
gla
nd
/N. I
rela
nd
(U
K)
No
rwa
y
Ire
lan
d
Fra
nce
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Ca
na
da
Au
stra
lia
Fla
nd
ers
(B
elg
ium
)
Est
on
ia
Sw
ed
en
Ko
rea
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Fin
lan
d
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Status quo: Tertiary education Status quo: Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education
Status quo: Below upper secondary education%
Chart A4.3 - SQ
…while 47% are more educated than their parents, a comparatively high figure
Percentage of 25-64 year-old non-students whose educational attainment is higher than (upward mobility) or lower than (downward mobility) that of their parents
Cze
ch R
ep
u...
Ge
rma
ny
Au
stri
a
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Slo
vak
Re
pu
...
Italy
No
rwa
y
De
nm
ark
En
gla
nd
/N. I
...
Sp
ain
Ave
rag
e
Au
stra
lia
Jap
an
Sw
ed
en
Est
on
ia
Ca
na
da
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Po
lan
d
Ire
lan
d
Fra
nce
Fla
nd
ers
(B
e...
Fin
lan
d
Ko
rea
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
...
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70Downward mobility Upward mobility
%
Chart A4.3 - Mob
Only 5.75% of tertiary education students come from low-educated families (which count for 18% of population)
Cze
ch R
ep
u..
.
Jap
an
Ge
rma
ny
Est
on
ia
Po
lan
d
Ca
na
da
No
rwa
y
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
...
Fin
lan
d
Slo
vak
Re
pu
...
Au
stri
a
Sw
ed
en
En
gla
nd
/N.
...
De
nm
ark
Fla
nd
ers
(B
...
Ave
rag
e
Fra
nce
Ko
rea
Au
stra
lia
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Ire
lan
d
Ita
ly
Sp
ain
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Proportion of young students (20-34 year-olds) in tertiary education whose parents have below upper secondary education
Proportion of parents with below upper secondary education in the total parent population%
Fl belongs to countries with relatively less equitable access to tertiary education and around average mobility
Relationship between the share of upward mobility among 25-34 year-olds and the relative likelihood among 20-34 year-olds of participating in tertiary education by parents’ educational attainment (values in reverse order)
12345678910 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Australia
Austria
CanadaDenmark
Estonia
FinlandFrance
Germany
IrelandItaly
Japan
Korea
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Spain
SwedenUS
FlandersEngland/N. IrelandAverage
Odds ratio
Upward mobility
less equitable accesslow educational mobility
less equitable accesshigh educational mobility
more equitable accesshigh educational mobility
more equitable accesslow educational mobility
Mobility Odds A4
In B the employment penalty for the low-educated is high (<50% employment rate)…
Employment rates among 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment (2012)
Icel
and
Nor
way
Sw
itzer
land
Sw
eden
Ger
man
y
Net
herla
nds
Aus
tria
Den
mar
k
Latv
ia
Bra
zil
Slo
veni
a
Isra
el
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pol
and
Bel
gium
Aus
tral
ia
Fra
nce
Fin
land
Chi
le
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
New
Zea
land
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
OE
CD
ave
rage
EU
21
aver
age
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
Est
onia
Por
tuga
l
Can
ada
Mex
ico
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Irel
and
Japa
n
Hun
gary
Italy
Spa
in
Kor
ea
Tur
key
Gre
ece
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Below upper secondary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary education%
Chart A5.1
…but their unemployment rate has been remarkably stable during the crisis
Unemployment rates among 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment (2005, 2010 and 2012)
Ko
rea
Me
xico
Bra
zil
No
rwa
y
Ch
ile
Au
stra
lia
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Ice
lan
d
Au
stri
a
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Tu
rke
y
De
nm
ark
Isra
el
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Ca
na
da
Fin
lan
d
Be
lgiu
m
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Ita
ly
Sw
ed
en
Ge
rma
ny
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Fra
nce
Slo
ven
ia
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Po
rtu
ga
l
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Po
lan
d
Est
on
ia
Hu
ng
ary
La
tvia
Ire
lan
d
Gre
ece
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Sp
ain
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
0
10
20
30
40
50
2012 2005 2010
Below upper secondary education
Chart A5.2 - BS
%
Unemployment rate for tertiary educated is relatively low in B and decreasing Chart A5.2 - T
Unemployment rates among 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment (2005, 2010 and 2012)
Norway
Ger
man
y
Switzer
land
Austra
liaBra
zil
Nethe
rland
s
Luxe
mbo
urg
United
King
dom
Hunga
ry
New Z
ealan
dChil
e
United
Sta
tes
Poland
OECD a
vera
ge
EU21 a
vera
ge
Slovak
Rep
ublic
Latv
ia
Irelan
d
Portu
gal
Gre
ece
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2012 2005 2010%
Tertiary education
The net public return on investment for a man in tertiary education in B is higher (174 000 USD) than the net private return (123 000 USD)
Net private and public returns associated with a man attaining tertiary education (2010)
Tur
key
Den
mar
k
Spa
in
Est
onia
Sw
eden
New
Zea
land
Gre
ece
Kor
ea
Japa
n
Can
ada
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Pol
and
Nor
way
Isra
el
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fra
nce
Aus
tral
ia
Fin
land
OE
CD
ave
rage
Por
tuga
l
EU
21 a
vera
ge
Aus
tria
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Net
herla
nds
Italy
Bel
gium
Slo
veni
a
Ger
man
y
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Hun
gary
Irel
and 0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
350 000
400 000
450 000
500 000Private net returns Public net returns
Eq
uiv
ale
nt U
SD
Chart A7.1
The public benefit for a woman attaining tertiary education in B is the highest of all OECD countries
Public costs and benefits for a woman attaining tertiary education (2010)D
en
ma
rk
Sw
ed
en
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Ko
rea
Jap
an
Isra
el
Tu
rke
y
Est
on
ia
Fin
lan
d
No
rwa
y
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Sp
ain
Ca
na
da
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Po
lan
d
Fra
nce
EU
21
ave
rag
e
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Ge
rma
ny
Gre
ece
Ita
ly
Au
stra
lia
Po
rtu
ga
l
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Au
stri
a
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Hu
ng
ary
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Slo
ven
ia
Ire
lan
d
Be
lgiu
m
-200 000
-150 000
-100 000
-50 000
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
Direct cost Foregone taxes on earnings Grants effect Income tax effect Social contribution effect Transfers effect Unemployment effect
Costs Benefits
Equ
ival
ent U
SD
Chart A7.3
The more schooling an individual has, the more likely (s)he is to do volunteering in the community
Proportion of adults reporting that they volunteer at least once a month, by educational attainment
Jap
an
Est
on
ia
Ko
rea
Po
lan
d
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Sp
ain
Italy
Sw
ed
en
Ave
rag
e
En
gla
nd
/N. I
re...
Ire
lan
d
Au
stra
lia
Fla
nd
ers
(B
el..
.
Fin
lan
d
De
nm
ark
Ge
rma
ny
Au
stri
a
Ca
na
da
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
No
rwa
y
Un
ited
Sta
tes 0
10
20
30
40
Below upper secondary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary Education%
Chart A8.3 - VA
Tertiary education has a high impact on interpersonal trust, but upper secondary education not
Proportion of adults reporting that they trust others, by educational attainment
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Est
on
ia
Italy
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Fra
nce
Ko
rea
Ge
rma
ny
Jap
an
Ire
lan
d
Po
lan
d
En
gla
nd
/N. I
rela
nd
...
Ave
rag
e
Fla
nd
ers
(B
elg
ium
)
Ca
na
da
Sp
ain
Au
stri
a
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Au
stra
lia
Fin
lan
d
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Sw
ed
en
No
rwa
y
De
nm
ark
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Below upper secondary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary Education%
Chart A8.4 - TA
Private costs are slightly higher than public costs for tertiary education in B, but are comparatively low
Public versus private costs for a man attaining tertiary education (2010)K
ore
a
Po
rtu
ga
l
Tu
rke
y
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Est
on
ia
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Isra
el
Hu
ng
ary
Au
stra
lia
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Gre
ece
Po
lan
d
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Slo
ven
ia
Ca
na
da
Italy
Jap
an
Be
lgiu
m
Ire
lan
d
Sp
ain
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Fra
nce
No
rwa
y
Sw
ed
en
Ge
rma
ny
Fin
lan
d
Au
stri
a
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
De
nm
ark
-150 000
-100 000
-50 000
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
Direct private costs Foregone earnings Direct public costs Foregone taxes on earnings Grants effect
Equ
ival
ent U
SD
Private costs Public costs
Chart A7.4
An individual with a higher level of education is more likely to believe they have a say in government
Proportion of adults reporting that they believe they have a say in government, by educational attainment
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Italy
Sp
ain
Est
on
ia
Ge
rma
ny
Jap
an
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Ire
lan
d
Ca
na
da
Ko
rea
En
gla
nd
/N. I
rela
...
Au
stri
a
Ave
rag
e
Fla
nd
ers
(B
elg
ium
)
Au
stra
lia
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Sw
ed
en
De
nm
ark
Fin
lan
d
No
rwa
y 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Below upper secondary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary Education
%
Chart A8.5 - GA
Total per student spending on education in B is relatively high
Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions, by type of service (2011)U
nite
d S
tate
s
Au
stri
a
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Be
lgiu
m
Ire
lan
d
Sw
ed
en
Ge
rma
ny
Au
stra
lia
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Fin
lan
d
Fra
nce
Slo
ven
ia
Sp
ain
EU
21
ave
rag
e
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Italy
Ko
rea
Po
rtu
ga
l
Isra
el
Po
lan
d
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Ch
ile
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Hu
ng
ary
Me
xico
Bra
zil
Sw
itze
rla
nd
No
rwa
y
De
nm
ark
Jap
an
Ice
lan
d
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Est
on
ia
La
tvia
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Tu
rke
y
Ind
on
esi
a
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
Core services Ancillary services (transport, meals, housing provided by institutions) and R&D Total
In equivalent USD conver-ted using PPPs
Chart B1.1
Annual spending per primary student is USD 8 296, on average
Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services, by level of education (2011), primary educationLu
xem
bour
g
Sw
itzer
land
Nor
way
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Aus
tria
Icel
and
Sw
eden
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Den
mar
k
Bel
gium
Slo
veni
a
Aus
tral
ia
Irel
and
EU
21 a
vera
ge
Italy
Japa
n
Fin
land
New
Zea
land
Net
herla
nds
Ger
man
y
Spa
in
Kor
ea
Fra
nce
Isra
el
Pol
and
Por
tuga
l
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Est
onia
Latv
ia
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Hun
gary
Chi
le
Bra
zil
Mex
ico
Tur
key
Arg
entin
a
Col
ombi
a
Indo
nesi
a
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
20 000
22 000
24 000
Primary education
Expenditure per student (equivalent USD converted using PPPs)
Chart B1.2a - P
OECD average
Annual spending per secondary student ranges from USD 522 to USD 16 182
Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services, by level of education (2011) Secondary educationL
uxe
mb
ou
rg
Sw
itze
rla
nd
No
rwa
y
Au
stri
a
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Be
lgiu
m
Ire
lan
d
Fra
nce
Sw
ed
en
De
nm
ark
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Au
stra
lia
Ge
rma
ny
Jap
an
Fin
lan
d
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Sp
ain
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Po
rtu
ga
l
Italy
Slo
ven
ia
Ice
lan
d
Ko
rea
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Est
on
ia
Po
lan
d
Isra
el
La
tvia
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Hu
ng
ary
Ch
ile
Arg
en
tina
Me
xico
Tu
rke
y
Bra
zil
Co
lom
bia
Ind
on
esi
a
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
Secondary education
OECD average
Expenditure per student (equivalent USD converted using PPPs)
Chart B1.2a - S
Annual spending per tertiary student ranges from USD 1173 to USD 26000
Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services, by level of education (2011) Tertiary educationU
nite
d S
tate
s
Sw
itze
rla
nd
De
nm
ark
Sw
ed
en
No
rwa
y
Fin
lan
d
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Ge
rma
ny
Jap
an
Au
stra
lia
Ire
lan
d
Be
lgiu
m
Fra
nce
Au
stri
a
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Sp
ain
Isra
el
Bra
zil
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Slo
ven
ia
Italy
Ko
rea
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
ga
l
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Hu
ng
ary
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Ice
lan
d
Ch
ile
Tu
rke
y
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Me
xico
Est
on
ia
La
tvia
Ind
on
esi
a
02 0004 0006 0008 000
10 00012 00014 00016 00018 00020 00022 00024 00026 00028 000
Tertiary education
OECD average
Expenditure per student (equivalent USD converted using PPPs)
Chart B1.2a - T
Expenditure per primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary student increased by 21% since 2005 in B
Relationship between annual expenditure per student in 2011 and change in expenditure per student between 2005 and 2011
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0
1 0002 0003 0004 0005 0006 0007 0008 0009 000
10 00011 00012 00013 00014 00015 00016 00017 00018 00019 00020 000
BrazilMexico
ChileHungary
Slovak RepublicEstonia
PolandCzech Republic
IsraelPortugal
KoreaItaly Spain
Iceland JapanFinland
France AustraliaGermanyUnited Kingdom IrelandCanadaDenmark Netherlands
Sweden Belgium
United States
Austria
Switzerland
Norway
New Zealand
R² = 0.233915734925973
R² = 0.27067946823606
Change in expenditure per student between 2005 and 2011 (%)
Annual expenditure per student (2011, USD) OECD average
Primary, secondary, and post-secondary non-tertiary
OECD average
Chart B1.5 - PS
But only by 6.8% in tertiary education (below OECD average)
Relationship between annual expenditure per student in 2011 and change in expenditure per student between 2005 and 2011
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 705 000
7 000
9 000
11 000
13 000
15 000
17 000
19 000
21 000
23 000
25 000
27 000
United States
Switzerland
Denmark
Sweden
NorwayFinland
Netherlands GermanyJapan
IrelandBelgium
FranceAustria
Spain
Israel
United Kingdom
BrazilItaly
KoreaPolandPortugalCzech Republic
HungaryChile
Slovak RepublicMexico EstoniaIceland
Russian Federation
New Zealand
Slovenia
R² = 0.0789910852395619
Change in expenditure per student between 2005 and 2011 (%)
Annual expenditure per student (2011, USD)
OECD average
Tertiary education
OECD average
Chart B1.5 - T
As enrolment increased faster than expenditure, spending per tertiary student decreased with 6.4% in B since 2008
Change in expenditure per student by educational institutions, by level of education (2008, 2011)
EstoniaSlovak Republic
ChileHungary
KoreaCzech Republic
FinlandSlovenia Denmark
Russian FederationIsrael Japan
United KingdomItaly
PolandOECD average EU21 average
Netherlands SwitzerlandFrance
Sweden Germany AustraliaBrazil Spain
Norway Mexico Belgium PortugalAustria
United StatesIreland Iceland
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Change in expenditure Change in the number of students (in full-time equivalents) Change in expenditure per student
Index of change (2008=100)
Tertiary educationChart B1.6. Changes in the number of students and changes in expenditure per student by educational institutions, by level of education (2005, 2010)Index of change between 2005 and 2010 (2005 = 100, 2010 constant prices )
Chart B1.6 - T
Also as % of GDP Belgium is among countries with higher than average expenditure in school education…
Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP (2011). From public and private sources, by level of education and source of funds
New
Zea
land
Arg
entin
a
Icel
and
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Irel
and
Den
mar
k
Bel
gium
Isra
el
Col
ombi
a
Kor
ea
Aus
tral
ia
Fin
land
Sw
itzer
land
Net
herla
nds
Can
ada
Mex
ico
Fra
nce
Sw
eden
Slo
veni
a
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Chi
le
Por
tuga
l
Aus
tria
EU
21
aver
age
Pol
and
Est
onia
Luxe
mbo
urg
Spa
in
Ger
man
y
Italy
Latv
ia
Japa
n
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
Nor
way
Bra
zil0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
Public expenditure on education institutions Private expenditure on education institutions
Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education
% of GDP
OECD average (total expenditure)
Chart B2.2 - PS
But not in tertiary education (because of low private expenditure)
Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP (2011). From public and private sources, by level of education and source of funds
Fin
land
Den
mar
k
Nor
way
Can
ada
Sw
eden
Est
onia
Aus
tria
Sw
itzer
land
Bel
gium
Net
herla
nds
Fra
nce
EU
21 a
vera
ge
Arg
entin
a
Irel
and
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Slo
veni
a
Ger
man
y
Icel
and
Spa
in
Pol
and
New
Zea
land
Latv
ia
Por
tuga
l
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Bra
zil
Isra
el
Mex
ico
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
Col
ombi
a
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Chi
le
Italy
Kor
ea
Aus
tral
ia
Japa
n
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Public expenditure on education institutions Private expenditure on education institutions
Tertiary education
% of GDP
OECD average (total expenditure)
Chart B2.2 - T
During the crisis public expenditure public expenditure on educational institutions remained constant in B
Impact of the economic crisis on public expenditure on education
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
De
nm
ark
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Bra
zil
Fin
lan
d
Au
stra
lia
Ire
lan
d
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Jap
an
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Ge
rma
ny
Slo
ven
ia
Ch
ile
Ca
na
da
Po
rtu
ga
l
Me
xico
Ko
rea
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Au
stri
a
Sp
ain
EU
21
ave
rag
e
No
rwa
y
Be
lgiu
m
Fra
nce
Sw
ed
en
Isra
el
Ice
lan
d
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Po
lan
d
Est
on
ia
Italy
Hu
ng
ary
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
Change in public expenditure on educational institutions Change in Gross Domestic Product
Change in expenditure on education institutions as a percentage of GDP
Index of change (2008=100)
Chart B2.3 - T
Only 10% % of spending on tertiary education comes from private sources in B (31% on average)
Share of private expenditure on educational institutions (2011)
Chi
le
Kor
ea
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Japa
n
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Col
ombi
a
Aus
tral
ia
Isra
el
Can
ada
Latv
ia
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
New
Zea
land
Italy
Mex
ico
Por
tuga
l
OE
CD
ave
rage
Indo
nesi
a
Net
herla
nds
Pol
and
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Arg
entin
a
Spa
in
EU
21 a
vera
ge
Est
onia
Irel
and
Fra
nce
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Ger
man
y
Slo
veni
a
Aus
tria
Sw
eden
Bel
gium
Icel
and
Den
mar
k
Fin
land
Nor
way
Tur
key
Sw
itzer
land
Luxe
mbo
urg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education
Tertiary education%
Chart B3.1
And private expenditure in tertiary education did not increase
Share of private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions (2000, 2008 and 2011)
Ch
ile
Ko
rea
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Jap
an
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Au
stra
lia
Isra
el
Ca
na
da
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Italy
Me
xico
Po
rtu
ga
l
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Po
lan
d
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Sp
ain
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Est
on
ia
Ire
lan
d
Fra
nce
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Ge
rma
ny
Slo
ven
ia
Au
stri
a
Sw
ed
en
Be
lgiu
m
Ice
lan
d
De
nm
ark
Fin
lan
d
No
rwa
y
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2011 2008 2000
%
Chart B3.3 - T
In some countries where students pay high tuition fees they also benefit from financial support
Relationship between average tuition fees charged by public institutions and proportion of students who benefit from public loans and/or scholarships/grants in tertiary-type A education (2011)
0 25 50 75 100 0
1 500
3 000
4 500
6 000
7 500
Australia
Austria
Belgium (Fl.)
Finland
France2 Italy
Japan 3
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
IrelandSweden
United States1
Switzerland
Chile4
DenmarkTurkey
United Kingdom
Mexico
Average tuition fees charged by public institutions, first degrees programmes, in USD
Belgium (Fr.)
% of students who benefit from public loans AND/OR scholarships/grants
Chart B5.1
In B a high % of current expenditure goes to compensating education staff
Distribution of current expenditure by educational institutions for primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (2011)M
exic
o
Arg
entin
a
Por
tuga
l
Col
ombi
a
Bel
gium
Tur
key
Japa
n
Luxe
mbo
urg
Isra
el
Sw
itzer
land
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Net
herla
nds
Spa
in
Irel
and
Italy
Ger
man
y
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Fra
nce
Nor
way
OE
CD
ave
rage
Slo
veni
a
Can
ada
Bra
zil
Aus
tral
ia
Aus
tria
Icel
and
Latv
ia
EU
21 a
vera
ge
Indo
nesi
a
Hun
gary
Kor
ea
Den
mar
k
Sw
eden
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Fin
land
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Compensation of all staff Other current expenditure
% of current expenditure
Chart B6.1
In B teachers’ salaries have a high impact on salary cost per student
Contribution of various factors to salary cost of teachers per student, in upper secondary education (2012) in USDS
pa
in
Be
lgiu
m (
Fl.)
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Ge
rma
ny
Ko
rea
Au
stri
a
Tu
rke
y
Fra
nce
Ca
na
da
Po
lan
d
Au
stra
lia
Ire
lan
d
Italy
Slo
ven
ia
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Fin
lan
d
Isra
el
No
rwa
y
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
En
gla
nd
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Hu
ng
ary
Ch
ile
Est
on
ia
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
-3 000
-2 000
-1 000
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
Contribution of teachers' salary Contribution of instruction time Contribution of teaching time
Contribution of estimated class size difference with OECD average
USD
Chart B7.4
B has the highest participation rate in education among 15-19 year-olds
Enrolment rates of 15-19 year-olds for full-time and part-time students in public and private institutions (1995, 2000, 2005 and 2012)
Be
lgiu
mL
atv
iaIr
ela
nd
Ne
the
rla
nd
sH
un
ga
ryP
ola
nd
Slo
ven
iaC
zech
Re
pu
blic
Ge
rma
ny
Ice
lan
dE
U2
1 a
vera
ge
De
nm
ark
Ko
rea
No
rwa
yA
ust
ralia
Po
rtu
ga
lS
pa
inE
sto
nia
Fin
lan
dS
we
de
nS
lova
k R
ep
ub
licG
ree
ceS
au
di A
rab
iaS
witz
erl
an
dF
ran
ceO
EC
D a
vera
ge
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
dC
an
ad
aU
nite
d S
tate
sIta
lyA
ust
ria
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Bra
zil
So
uth
Afr
ica
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Ch
ileA
rge
ntin
aIn
do
ne
sia
Isra
el
Tu
rke
yM
exi
coC
olo
mb
iaC
hin
a
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2012 2005 2000 1995%%
Chart C1.2
B also has the highest enrollment rate in early childhood education
Enrolment rates at age 3 in early childhood education (2005 and 2012)
Be
lgiu
m
Fra
nce
De
nm
ark
Ice
lan
d
Sp
ain
No
rwa
y
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Sw
ed
en
Ita
ly
Ge
rma
ny
Est
on
ia
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Isra
el
Ko
rea
Slo
ven
ia
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
La
tvia
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Po
rtu
ga
l
Jap
an
Hu
ng
ary
Lu
xem
bo
urg
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Au
stri
a
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Po
lan
d
Fin
lan
d
Ch
ile
Ire
lan
d
Me
xico
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Arg
en
tina
Bra
zil
Au
stra
lia
Co
lom
bia
Ind
on
esi
a
Tu
rke
y
Sw
itze
rla
nd
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2012 2005%
Chart C2.1
But expenditure on early childhood education is just slightly above the average of 0.6% of GDP
Expenditure on early childhood educational institutions (2011) as a percentage of GDP, by funding source
De
nm
ark
Ice
lan
d
Sp
ain
La
tvia
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Slo
ven
ia
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Ch
ile
Sw
ed
en
Po
lan
d
Fra
nce
Isra
el
Arg
en
tina
Be
lgiu
m
Me
xico
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Au
stri
a
Ge
rma
ny
EU
21
ave
rag
e
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
No
rwa
y
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Co
lom
bia
Ita
ly
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Fin
lan
d
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Est
on
ia
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Ko
rea
Jap
an
Au
stra
lia
Hu
ng
ary
Bra
zil
Po
rtu
ga
l
Sw
itze
rla
nd
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Total Public expenditure on educational institutions in percentage of GDP Private expenditure on educational institutions in percentage of GDP
% of GDP
Chart C2.3
And an average student/teacher ratio
Ratio of pupils to teaching staff in early childhood education (2012). Public and private institutions, calculation based on full-time equivalents
Isra
el
Ind
on
esi
a
Me
xico
Ch
ile
Fra
nce
Tu
rke
y
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Bra
zil
Po
lan
d
Be
lgiu
m
Po
rtu
ga
l
Ko
rea
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Jap
an
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Au
stri
a
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Sp
ain
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Ge
rma
ny
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Italy
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Hu
ng
ary
Fin
lan
d
Slo
ven
ia
Est
on
ia
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Sw
ed
en
Ice
lan
d
0 2 4 6 8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Student to teaching staff ratio
Chart C2.4
Based on current patterns only 33.5% of young adults are expected to enter university programmes in B, against 60% on average
Entry rates into tertiary-type A education (2012)
Au
stra
liaL
atv
iaIc
ela
nd
Po
lan
dN
ew
Ze
ala
nd
No
rwa
yS
love
nia
De
nm
ark
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
Ko
rea
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Fin
lan
dN
eth
erl
an
ds
Po
rtu
ga
lS
lova
k R
ep
ub
licS
we
de
nIs
rae
lC
zech
Re
pu
blic
Arg
en
tina
Sa
ud
i Ara
bia
OE
CD
ave
rag
eE
U2
1 a
vera
ge
Ire
lan
dH
un
ga
ryG
erm
an
yA
ust
ria
Sp
ain
Jap
an
Ch
ileIta
lyS
witz
erl
an
dE
sto
nia
Fra
nce
Tu
rke
yG
ree
ceM
exi
coB
elg
ium
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Ind
on
esi
aC
hin
a
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
All students Excluding international students
Chart C3.1
%
In 2012, 15% of 15-19 year-olds in B were neither employed nor in education or training (same as average)
NEET population among 15-29 year-olds (2012) and change between 2011 and 2012
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Lu
xem
bo
urg
No
rwa
y
Ice
lan
d
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Sw
ed
en
Au
stri
a
Ge
rma
ny
Slo
ven
ia
Au
stra
lia
Fin
lan
d
De
nm
ark
Ca
na
da
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Gre
ece
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
EU
21
ave
rag
e
Be
lgiu
m
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Isra
el
Est
on
ia
Po
lan
d
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Fra
nce
Po
rtu
ga
l
Ko
rea
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Hu
ng
ary
Bra
zil
Ire
lan
d
Me
xico
Ch
ile
Italy
Sp
ain
Tu
rke
y
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
%
Chart C5.1
Less than 50% of adults participate in formal and/or non-formal education in a given year in Fl
Adult participation in formal and/or non-formal education (2012)
Fin
lan
d
De
nm
ark
Sw
ed
en
No
rwa
y
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ca
na
da
En
gla
nd
/N. I
rela
nd
(U
K)
Au
stra
lia
Ge
rma
ny
Est
on
ia
Ave
rag
e
Ire
lan
d
Ko
rea
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Fla
nd
ers
(B
elg
ium
)
Au
stri
a
Sp
ain
Jap
an
Fra
nce
Po
lan
d
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Italy
Ru
ssia
n F
ed
era
tion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
66 66 66 64 6459 58 56 56 53 53 51 51 50 50 49 48 47
4236 35 33
2520
%
Chart C6.1
Between 2005 and 2012, teachers did not see an increase in their salaries in real terms in Fl
Change in lower secondary teachers’ salaries (2000, 2005, 2012). Index of change between 2000 and 2012 (2005 = 100, constant prices), for teachers with 15 years of experience and minimum training
Est
on
ia
Po
lan
d
Isra
el
De
nm
ark
Ire
lan
d
Lu
xem
bo
urg
No
rwa
y
Me
xico
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Au
stra
lia
Slo
ven
ia
Sw
ed
en
Be
lgiu
m (
Fr.
)
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Au
stri
a
Be
lgiu
m (
Fl.)
Sw
itze
rla
nd
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Fin
lan
d
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ice
lan
d
Italy
Ko
rea
Fra
nce
Sp
ain
En
gla
nd
Sco
tlan
d
Jap
an
Po
rtu
ga
l
Gre
ece
Hu
ng
ary
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
2012 2000Index of change2005 = 100
Chart D3.3
In most countries, salaries increased less since 2005 than between 2000 and 2005