1

6th WRBRF, March 23-24th 2015, Berlin

Market data,Collection and recycling data

PROSUM Project

C. CHANSON PPT 12

2

Data availability and comparison

• Quantity of batteries placed POM as declared by the national Collection and Recycling Organizations (CRO): based on the declaration of the German and French CRO’s, completed with less detailed data from UK, Spain and Italy. It represents more than 66% by weight of the batteries placed on the market in Europe.

• Quantity calculated with the data from Avicenne: worldwide data with a 22% contribution attributed to the EU Market. They are based on an average of 175Wh/kg for Lithium-on batteries, 70Wh/kg for Ni-MH and 45 Wh/kg for Ni-Cd

Global trend and values for Li-ion batteries POM coherent

3

Market growth: portable battery Placed on the Market

Global market growth, but - portable Ni-Cd is continuously decreasing (mainly due to the substitution on Ni-Cd by Li-ion for the power tools application), - Li-ion battery technology market is growing fast. - Ni-MH is also growing.

4

Collection progress

Globally, the weight of portable batteries collected is increasing on a yearly basis. The trends observed are quite different when compared to the POM: particularly for Ni-Cd, where the collection is increasing while the POM is decreasing since years: it is a demonstration of the impact of the long service life and the long hoarding time

5

Collection rate

The collection rate are calculated according the methodology proposed by the Battery Directive 2066/66 EC. It compares the quantity of waste batteries collected in a given year with the last 3 years average amount of batteries placed on the market, for the 3 technologies. It is a waste to sales comparison.

• Same users• Same collection

streams

• But large differences by technology

6

Collection rate: comparison to other flows Portable Primary and Ni-MH similar format (mainly single cells), but

better collection observed for primary= hoarding effect? Li-ion are mainly packs in application: hoarding effect + WEEE mixed

flow.

Portable Primary batteries Portable Secondary batteries

7

ProSUM: Prospecting Secondary raw materials in the Urban mine and Mining waste The ProSUM project will establish a European network ofexpertise on secondary sources of critical raw materials(CRMs), vital to today’s high-tech society.

ProSUM directly supports the European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Raw Materials and its Strategic Implementation Plancalling for the creation of a European raw materialsknowledge base.

“prosum” is Latin for “I am useful”

Funded European project

PROSUM project

> Submitted on April 8, 2014.

> Approved on Sept 30, 2014

> Started Jan 1, 2015.

> Duration = 36 months

9

PROSUM Global organisation

PROSUM Organization

WP5

Knowledge Base (BRGM)

WP3Stocks and flowsCharacterisation(UNU)

WP1 Project management (WF)

WP6

Exploitation (WF)

ProSUMProspecting Secondary Raw Materials in the Urban Mine and Mining Tailings

WP2ProductCharacterisation(Empa)

EU Information Network

ComponentsCRM POM

ProductsCRM Stocks

FractionsCRM in Waste

WP4WasteCharacterisation(TUB)

ProSUM Outputs

11

CoordinateLaunch EU Information Network.End User Requirement Specification.Review and Harmonisation of Data.Quality and Update Protocols.

CollectValidated methodologies for determining CRM content.Review of available data and information.Product Stocks and Flows Data.Waste Flow Data.Characterisation of Products and Wastes.Framework for analysis and data handling.

ConstructStocks and Flows Model.Requirements for Additional Statistics and Standards.Urban Mine Data Models.EU-Urban Mine Knowledge Data Platform.

CommunicateEU-UMKDP – inventory and multi-user portal, updates and reports.Manage EU Information Network and SIGs.Recommendations for improvement, standardisation and management of data.

ProSUM Partners

12

First tasks in Prosum

How to identify and categorize the CRM content on batteries placed on the Market

Database structure and content

Identification of available data

Batteries classification and identification issueCategorization/ Classification

Aiming at an organization for a specific purpose, based on a methodology approach

•Based on market and/or size

• Battery directive

• Application (UNUcode)

•Based on Chemistry ( not coherent with the other type

• Chemical type (IEC)

• UN transport

• List of Waste Regulation

• ProdCOM codes

• other standards (SAE, UL, …)

Batteries classification and identification issueIdentification:

Aiming at identifying the product, or the product category

•BD directive marking

•Hazardous waste identification

•Un marking

•IEC marking

•Others standards (SAE,..) marking

manufacturer labelmanufacturer label

•Product name•Place of production•Date of production•Manufacturing code•Brand•Format•Capacity•Voltage•Energy•Others…

manufacturer labelmanufacturer label

•Product name•Place of production•Date of production•Manufacturing code•Brand•Format•Capacity•Voltage•Energy•Others…

Batteries classification and identification issue

Characterisation:

Complementary information characterising the product in addition to the marking indications.

•Application

•Size

•Format

•Weight

•Voltage

Compatibilitywith CRM content?

Categorization

BD BD sub cat UN transport LoW Prod Com UNU appl code Chem catPortables batteriesprimary 16 06 05 27.20.11.00 single cells Zn Carbon

primary 16 06 04 27.20.11.00 Zn Alkalineprimary 16 06 05 27.20.11.00 Zn othersrechargeable UN 3496 16 06 04 27.20.23.00 Ni-MHrechargeable 16 06 01* 27.20.22.00 Pb sealed

othersrechargeable UN 3496 16 06 04 27.20.23.00 Portable PC Ni-MHrechargeable 16 06 02* 27.20.23.00 UNU 303 Ni-Cdrechargeable 16 06 05 27.20.23.00 Ni otherrechargeable 16 06 01* 27.20.22.00 Pb sealedrechargeable UN 2794 16 06 01* 27.20.22.00 Pb ventedrechargeable Othersprimary UN 3090 16 06 05 27.20.11.00 Li SO2primary UN 3090 16 06 05 27.20.11.00 Li SOCl2primary UN 3090 16 06 05 27.20.11.00 Li MnO2primary UN 3090 16 06 05 27.20.11.00 Li CFxprimary UN 3090 16 06 05 27.20.11.00 Li met othersrechargeable UN 3480 16 06 05 27.20.23.00 Li CoO2rechargeable UN 3480 16 06 05 27.20.23.00 Li NMCrechargeable UN 3480 16 06 05 27.20.23.00 Li PO4rechargeable UN 3480 16 06 05 27.20.23.00 Li Mnrechargeable 27.20.23.00 L-ion others

Tablets UNU 303cell phones UNU306cameras/games UNU402cordless tools UNU601others portable

Automotive batteriesrechargeable UN 2794 16 06 01* 27.20.21.00 SLI Pb automotiveothers

Industrial batteriesLead acid 16 06 01* 27.20.21.00 UPS lead acidNi-Cd UN 2795 16 06 02* 27.20.23.00 Ni-Cd

Recharge proposal of classification based on chemical categorization

Batteries CRM content assessmentIdentification of what is Placed On the Market

Placed on the market

Batteries categories MarketsChemistry per market

Weight per market

CRM content per market (POM)

Nb of equipmentNb of batteries, total Wh

tons of batteries per chemistry

weight of CRM per POM per chemistry

Nb Batteries/equipement

Weight per battery per application

Chemistry composition

Eurostat, EPBA study

Avicenne study, other market studies Recharge study

Avicenne, manufacturers data

Recharge study, manufacturers data calculation

Recharge information, manufacturers information calculation

Units/market Units/market/chemistry tons/market/chemistry kg /CRM/market

Batteries CRM content assessment

Usage/hoarding End of live

CRM content on the market (use) measured Flows

measured flows per chemistry

Chemistry assessment per flow

Calculated Flows of EOL products

Flows Consolidation

CRM mapping (POM+Use+ EOL)

weight of CRM in the UM per chemistry tons of batteries tons of batteries per chemistry per flow

tons of batteries/flow/chemistry

Weight of CRM per chemistry per flow

Usage + hoarding time per market per chemistry

chemistries ratios per flow

chemistry composition

Bebat, Eucobat studies

calculation, sampling studies??

Euostat, Eucobat, recharge data Eucobat

Eucobat, sampling studies.

calculation based on POM and usage/hoarding calculation

calculation, sampling studies?

kg /CRM/market tons/flow tons/flow tons/flowtons/chemistry/flow

Coherence check with what is collected

Conclusion

ProSUM project is on track!

The first tasks:

> A good exercise in clarifying what are the data sources and their content.

> A global approach to define a public database requirements (data granularity, classification,…).

The need of complementary information is already identified: industrial batteries are not well characterized.