1 a passive uhf rfid tag ic class representation: represented by: khalil monfaredi advanced vlsi...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC
CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi
Advanced VLSI Course Seminar
![Page 2: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Outline
Introduction to RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Tag LSI (30%) Current Mode Rectifier (30%) Current Mode Demodulator (20%) FeRAM (10%) Summary (10%)
![Page 3: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Block diagram of the UHF RFID tag LSI with 2Kb FeRAM.
[1]
![Page 4: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
RFID: Ubiquitous Sensing Networks
Thing-to-thing networking will begin Sensing tags will play an important role
The presentPerson-to-person networking
The futureThing-to-thing networking
Thermometer
Acceleration
Infrared
Danger
Health care Security
![Page 5: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Requirements
Communication distance Long distance (10 m)
Incorporation of sensor device Transmit not only ID but also sensing data
Necessity of battery Battery life: as long as possible
Low cost
![Page 6: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Comparison of Tags Active tag Semi-
passive tagPassive
tag
Communication distance
Good Fair Poor
Incorporation of sensor
Easy Possible Difficult
Necessity of Battery
Need Need No need
Cost High Fair Low
Limited battery life: Solves by wireless power transmission
![Page 7: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Required conversion efficiency Base
station
Tag
Time=1s Time=3ms
Consume energy=0.3Ws
Supply energy =40Ws
Conversion efficiency > 0.75 %
CW CW
Standby Downlink UplinkRecharge
![Page 8: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Issues concerning rectifier
Cannot be rectified below threshold voltage Vth.
Vth=0V: There is a possibility that off-leak will occur.
CMOS rectifier
DCcurrentThreshold voltage Vth
0Vth
Region that cannot be rectified
|Zin|=700Vin=0.2V
Zin
Vin
Vin=0.2VRFin=40W
[2]
![Page 9: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Proposed rectifier
0Vth
Vbth
Apply a bias voltage Vbth Vth
- Generating voltage of Vbth in the same IC chip
Region that cannot be rectified
RFin Vbth
M2
M1(D)
(G)(S)
Vbth-Vth0
Vbth
DC+ = 0.3V @RFin=0.2V
RFin
0.2V
[2]
![Page 10: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Stacked configuration
DC+
DC-
Stack 6 units
How will 12 Vbth voltage sources be realized?
Stack 6 units of rectifiers to obtain over 1.5V DC
>1.5V
0.3V
Output DC voltage
RFinVbth
Vbth
Vbth
Vbth
Vbth
Vbth
[2]
![Page 11: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
RFin
DC+
DC-
Vbth
PLS
Cb1
Cb3
INV1 INV2
Cb4
Cb2
Vbth distributor
Realization of proposed rectifier
6 units stacked
Vbth
distributor
High Low
Vbth generator
VDD
Vbth=Vth
[2]
![Page 12: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
RFin
DC+
DC-
Vbth
PLS
Cb3
INV1 INV2
Cb4
Vbth distributor
Realization of proposed rectifier
6 units stacked
Vbth
distributor
HighLow
Vbth
Vbth
Cb1
Cb2
[2]
![Page 13: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
DC+
IN
DC -
CP
CP2
Mn2
Vbth
Vbth
Mn1
CP3
Conventional NMOS Half-wave Rectifier
Vbth : External
[2]
Parasitic capacitance CP : LargeVth drop : External cancellation
![Page 14: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Ferrocap.
Mp1
IN CP
DC+
DC -
(Internal Vth cancellation)
Cb
Cb
Mn1
Proposed CMOS Half-wave Rectifier
IVC
CINF PMOS
Parasitic capacitance CP : SmallVth drop : Internal cancellation
[1]
![Page 15: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
VDD
IV
C
VSS
IN+
IN -
D1
D2
Proposed CMOS Full-wave Rectifier Circuit
Ove
r-cu
rren
tp
rote
ctio
n
(AC GND)
Overcurrent
CP
IV
C
Good configuration for high efficiency
CINF
IV
C
IV
C
[1]
![Page 16: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Why Current Mode Demodulator?
![Page 17: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Far
Near
Incoming Power Prec
Operating region
Voltage Detection for Demodulator
Devicebreakdown (4V)
II ININ
Small
Large
Time
VINVIN
NearFar
Detectionresult
Modulationindex : (15%)
VIN,
TagIC
I IN
Prec Taginput
[1]
![Page 18: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Current Detection for Demodulator
IIININ
Large
VIN
Incoming Power Prec Time
IINIIN
Modulationindex : (15%)
VIN,
TagIC
I IN
Prec
Devicebreakdown (4V)
NearFar
Far
Near
Large
Operating regionDetection
result
Taginput
[1]
![Page 19: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
+ VASK
Currentcomparator
ReferenceCurrent
Generator
Subtraction IASK
IPK
ISIG
IREF
Current-mode Demodulator Block Diagram
Modulatedcurrent
IREF
= IPK x nIPK
ISIG
= (IPK – IASK)IASK
Current Peak Hold
LPF
(baseband)
[1]
![Page 20: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
[3]
![Page 21: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
[3]
[3]
![Page 22: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
[3]
[3]
![Page 23: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
[3]
[3]
![Page 24: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
FeRAM
Stefano Bonetti, Johan Dahlbäck, Hanna Henricsson and Jutta Müntjes
2B1750 Smart Electonic Materials, KTH 26th of October 2005
Adopted from ISSCC 2006 and also
![Page 25: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
FeRAM - Theory
• Spontaneous polarization: above the Curie-temperature TC is the
structure cubic, below a dipole moment occurs (displacement)
• A different charge ΔQ can be observed whether the material is switching or non-switching:
Binary state 1Negative electric fieldNegative polarization
Binary state 0Positive electric fieldPositive polarization
Example: PZT(lead zirconate-titanate)
Q Acap P
[4]
![Page 26: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
WL WL
PL PLBL’BL
Sense AMP
WL
PL
BLSense AMP Vref
[4]
![Page 27: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Offset cell[4]
![Page 28: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
[4]
![Page 29: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
FeRAM - Requirements
• Small size
• High speed
• High lifetime➔ Destructive reading (after every reading operation is a writing
operation required)
• Low coercive field➔ Low power memory devices
• Large hysteresis➔ High remanent polarization
![Page 30: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
EEPROM FeRAM
Cell
structure
Programming principle
Charge injection Polarization change
ReadSpeed 25µs
Power 12.5µW
Write
Speed 3ms 25µs
Voltage 16V 3V
Power 35.0µW 15.7µW
FeRAM Characteristics
BL
CG
AG
SG
High speedLow power
BL
PL
WL XBL
[1]
![Page 31: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
129tags/s
44tags/s
2.9 timeshigher
EEPROM
FeRAM
Advantages of the Tag with FeRAM
Condition : Read/Write operations
66%reduction
Operating time Throughput
Read3.6ms
Read3.6ms
Write19.4ms
Write4.2ms
[1]
![Page 32: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Tag IC Performance Summary
Operating Frequency 860MHz - 960MHzModulation Index (Forward) 15% (Minimum)Communication Range Read: 0m - 4.3m(4W EIRP F40k / R40k) Write: 0m - 4.3mRead/Write Throughput(F40k / R160k)
129tags/s
Tag IC Power 80µWESD Protection (HBM) 3,000VAnti-collision Binary tree protocolTechnology 0.35-µm CMOS FeRAMDie Size 1.23mm x 1.50mm
![Page 33: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Summary
Passive UHF Read/Write Tag IC with FeRAM
4.3m Read/Write communication distance
CMOS only rectifier which has 36.6% efficiency, 2.1 times higher than the conventional
Low-voltage current-mode demodulatorwhich has 27dB dynamic range for the incoming power
Fabricated in 0.35-µm CMOS/FeRAM technology
Tag throughput with FeRAM
2.9 times higher than tags with EEPROMfor both read and write operations
![Page 34: 1 A Passive UHF RFID Tag IC CLASS REPRESENTATION: Represented by: Khalil Monfaredi Advanced VLSI Course Seminar](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103007/56649dff5503460f94ae7959/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
References:
[1] H. Nakamoto et al., “A Passive UHF RFID Tag LSI with 36.6% Efficiency CMOS-Only Rectifier and Current-Mode Demodulator in 0.35μm FeRAM Technology,” ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, session 17, 2006.
[2] T. Umeda et al., “A 950MHz Rectifier Circuit for Sensor Networks with 10m-Distance,” ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 256-257, Feb., 2005.
[3] A. Djemouai And M. Sawan., “New Cmos Current-mode Amplitude Shift Keying Demodulator (Askd) Dedicated For Implantable Electronic Devices,” IEEE (ISCAS), pp. 441-444, 2004.
[4] S. Bonetti et al., “FeRAM, MRAM, RRAM ,” [online resource] Oct., 2005.