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Anatomy for Sport and Anatomy for Sport and ExerciseExercise

Blood Blood

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Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

By the end of this session you should By the end of this session you should be able to:- be able to:-

Identify the functions of bloodIdentify the functions of blood

Identify the components of blood and Identify the components of blood and their specific functionstheir specific functions

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BloodBlood

‘‘River of Life’River of Life’

Average adult has Average adult has

4-5 litres of blood4-5 litres of blood

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Functions of bloodFunctions of blood

There are three main functions of There are three main functions of blood:blood:

1.1. Transportation – OTransportation – O22, CO, CO22, Hormones, Hormones

2.2. Regulation – Body temp, pH, volumeRegulation – Body temp, pH, volume

3.3. Protection – blood clotting, antibodiesProtection – blood clotting, antibodies

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Constituents of BloodConstituents of Blood

PlasmaPlasma

Red blood cellsRed blood cells

White blood cellsWhite blood cells

PlateletsPlatelets

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Composition of BloodComposition of Blood

1.1. Plasma Plasma Proteins (7%) Proteins (7%)

(55%)(55%) Other Solutes (1%) Other Solutes (1%)

Water (92%)Water (92%)

Formed ElementsFormed Elements Red blood cells Red blood cells (99.9%)(99.9%)

(45%)(45%) White blood cells White blood cells

PlateletsPlatelets

1%

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Blood consists of formed Blood consists of formed elements (living cells) that are elements (living cells) that are suspended in fluid called plasmasuspended in fluid called plasma

The diagram below illustrates The diagram below illustrates what occurs when blood is spun what occurs when blood is spun in a centrifuge:in a centrifuge:

Plasma (55% of whole blood)

Erythrocytes - red blood cells (45% of whole blood)

Leucocytes (white blood cells) and platelets (<1% of whole blood) Formed

elements

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PlasmaPlasma

Straw coloured fluidStraw coloured fluid Makes up 55% of blood volumeMakes up 55% of blood volume Approx 90% of plasma is waterApprox 90% of plasma is water Contains dissolved substances:Contains dissolved substances:

SaltsSalts Glucose and fatty acidsGlucose and fatty acids Blood proteinsBlood proteins Waste productsWaste products Enzymes and hormonesEnzymes and hormones Gases Gases

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Formed ElementsFormed Elements

Red blood cells Red blood cells

White blood cellsWhite blood cells

PlateletsPlatelets

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Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells

RBC’s / RBC’s / ErythrocytesErythrocytes Contain HAEMOGLOBIN – Oxygen Contain HAEMOGLOBIN – Oxygen

carriercarrier Carry oxygen around the bodyCarry oxygen around the body Biconcave discs just small enough Biconcave discs just small enough

to pass through a capillaryto pass through a capillary Produced in red bone marrowProduced in red bone marrow Lifespan of 120 daysLifespan of 120 days Millions in single drop of bloodMillions in single drop of blood The amount of RBC found in The amount of RBC found in

blood when it is spun is known as blood when it is spun is known as haematocrit haematocrit

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White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

WBC’s / WBC’s / LeukocytesLeukocytes Larger than Larger than

erythrocytes, but less erythrocytes, but less in numberin number

5 different types:5 different types: LymphocytesLymphocytes MonocytesMonocytes NeutrophilsNeutrophils BasophilsBasophils EosinophilsEosinophils

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White Blood Cells (cont)White Blood Cells (cont)

All 5 types have basically same All 5 types have basically same function – to protect the body from function – to protect the body from infectioninfection

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PlateletsPlatelets

ThrombocytesThrombocytesTransport chemicals that are important Transport chemicals that are important

in the clotting processin the clotting processForm blood clots Form blood clots Stick together at sites of cuts etc and Stick together at sites of cuts etc and

encourage growth of fibres encourage growth of fibres Red cells become trapped in fibres to Red cells become trapped in fibres to

form a scabform a scabPrevent blood loss and entry of bacteriaPrevent blood loss and entry of bacteria

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Haemoglobin V MyoglobinHaemoglobin V Myoglobin

Myo = MusclesMyo = MusclesHaemoglobin is the oxygen carrier in Haemoglobin is the oxygen carrier in

the bloodthe bloodMyoglobin is similar to haemoglobin, Myoglobin is similar to haemoglobin,

but is found in the muscle, so again but is found in the muscle, so again is an oxygen carrieris an oxygen carrier

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Key TermsKey Terms

Myo – Muscle - Myo – Muscle - MyoMyoglobinglobinCyte – Cell - Cyte – Cell - LeukoLeukocytecyteHaem – Blood - Haem – Blood - HaemHaemoglobinoglobinErythro – Red - Erythro – Red - ErythroErythrocytecyteLeuko – White - Leuko – White - LeukoLeukocytecyteThromb – Clot - Thromb – Clot - ThrombThrombosisosisAn – Without – An – Without – AnAnaemiaaemiaHaematrocrit – Separated RBCHaematrocrit – Separated RBC

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Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

By the end of this session you should By the end of this session you should be able to:- be able to:-

Identify the functions of bloodIdentify the functions of blood

Identify the components of blood and Identify the components of blood and their specific functionstheir specific functions