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ARCHITECTURALCOATINGS

A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO

MODERN COATING TECHNOLOGY

A Sustainable Approach to Modern Coating Technology

Patcham FZC is a well-established manufacturer of specialty additives headquartered in the United Arab Emirates. Since its inception, Patcham has steadily grown into a leading supplier of specialty additives for the Paint & Coatings, Ink, PVC and Composite industries.

The company’s Pat-Add range of coating additives includes wetting & dispersing agents, defoamers, slip & leveling agents, rheology modifiers. Whilst keeping focus on environmental sustainability, the company produces products using green raw materials that are APEO free and have low or no VOC.

These products are multi functional and multi compatible, which simplifies the production process, reduces the chance of errors and minimizes inventory thus improving cost effective-ness.

Patcham has built a strong manufacturing and R&D infrastructure that enables the rapid transition from concept to products. The company has strategically located technical service laboratories, offices and representatives around the world to provide the most efficient customer service. In addition, a well-developed robust supply chain network enables it to deliver its products and services to customers around the globe with minimal lead-time.

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Contents

Introduction

Architectural waterborne paints

Exterior & interior emulsion paints

Elastomeric coatings

Exterior and interior texture paints

Pigment and extender slurries

Architectural solventborne paints

Alkyd top coat - white

Incorporation of water in alkyd based paints

Problem solving additives

01

03

14

16

17

20

21

23

1w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m

Architectural coatings represent the largest consumer oriented segment of the coatings industry. This segment also covers general maintenance of residential, commercial, institutional and industrial buildings. Paints and coatings for architectural needs are developed to give the substrate an aesthetic appearance as well as protection.

A paint consumer looks for a coating that is safe to use and has high functionality in terms of self cleaning, antimicrobial properties and odor trapping. At the same time the coating is required to be long lasting and more durable. Paint properties such as flow, sag, freeze-thaw and in-can stability are developed taking into consideration the nature of application desired by the consumer.

Patcham has a full package of multifunctional additives ranging from wetting and dispersing agents, defoamers, coalescents, compatibilzers to rheology modifiers which meet the need of paint manufacturers and their end users.

Introduction


Additives are a special class of ingredients that provide specific performance benefits and enhance final properties of the coatings. It takes only a small quantity of an additive to make a significant performance difference.

Architectural waterborne coating additives include wetting agents, dispersing agents, defoamers, rheology modifiers and compatabilizers.

Architectural waterborne paints

Features Resin system Dosage on total paint formulation (%)

Pat-Add additives

Table 1: Patcham additives for architectural coatings

Pat-Add DA 103Dispersing agent

Pat-Add DA 202Wetting agent

Pat-Add AF 11Defoamer

Pat-Add AF 14DDefoamer

Pat-Add AF 29Defoamer

Pat-Add AF 32 & Pat-Add AF 34Defoamer

Pat-Add Rheol 99Pat-Add Rheol 100Pat-Add Rheol 125PRheology modifier

Optimum dispersion of pigments & extenders, increased opacity, improved stability

Wetting of pigments & extenders, improved color acceptance. Improved freeze-thaw stability

Mineral oil based defoamer

Mineral oil based easy dispersible defoamer

Mineral oil free defoamer

Silicone based defoamer combats micro foaming

Liquid rheology modifier, stormer viscosity builder, improves flow and leveling with good anti-sagging. Pat-Add Rheol 100 is a VOC free version of Pat-Add Rheol 99.

Low to high PVC emulsion paints

Low to high PVC emulsion paints

Medium-High PVC emulsion paints and Resin free pigment concentrates (RFPC)

Specially recommended for textured paints

Suitable for low PVC emulsion paints, mineral oil free

Suitable for low to medium PVC emulsion paints and resin free pigment concentrates (RFPC)

Low to high PVC paints alone or in combination with other type of thickeners like HEC

0.3 - 0.7Grinding stage

0.1 - 0.5Grinding stage

0.1 - 0.5Grinding/Letdown






Optimal dispersion and stabilization of pigment particles plays a significant role in determining the end properties of paints. Pigments and fillers in the formulation must be ground to small-sized particles, wetted and uniformly distributed to form a stable pigment dispersion. Only then color intensity, gloss and hiding power can be maximized. Pigment dispersions and stabilizations are hardly possible without suitable wetting and dispersing additives.

Daniel flow point of any dispersant gives an idea of the amount of dispersant needed to attain stable dispersion of titanium dioxide & extender combination present in the formulation.


Wetting and dispersing additives

Daniel flow point

Figure 1 : Titanium dioxide and extender slurry

Figure 2 : Daniel flow point test results

Pat-Add DA 103(0.3%)

Reference(0.3%)

Reference(0.5%)

Figure 3 : Dispersant demand curve

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

Visc

osity

in c

p

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8Dosage of dispersant (g)

Pat-Add DA103 Reference

In this testing method a certain amount titanium dioxide, extender and water are mixed in a container which forms a paste as shown in the Figure 1

Pat Add dispersing agent and reference are added drop wise to the extender and Titanium dioxide slurry

After a certain dosage of dispersant, the pigment slurry flows as a continu-ous thread from the blade. The point at which the flow starts is called Wet point or Fluidity point (Figure 2)

Lower dosage of Pat-Add DA 103 is required to attain the flow point as compared to the reference indicating its better dispersing characteristics

The addition of Pat-Add DA 103 to the pigment slurry after the flow point is reached further decreases the viscosity to a certain degree after which the viscosity increases slightly and remains constant thereafter



Wetting and dispersing additivesWetting agents are surface active substances which improve the wetting of pigments. Dispersing agents on the other hand prevent particles from flocculating by either electrostatic or steric stabilisation depending upon its nature. Pat-Add DA 420 performs as both wetting and stabilizing agent due to its amphiphilic (i.e., both hydrophilic and lipophilic) nature.

Features Resin system Dosage on total paint formulation (%)

Pat-Add additives

Pat-Add DA 420Wetting and dispersing agent

Dispersant for polar pigments

Can be used as a sole wetting and dispersing agent in emulsion paints

0.5 - 2.0

Table 2 : Formulation of a low PVC paint with sole wetting and dispersing agent

Water

HEC

pH regulator

Pat-Add DA 420

Pat-Add AF 11

In-can preservative

Titanium dioxide

Letdown

pH regulator

Pat-Add AF 11

Propylene glycol

Pure acrylic emulsion

Pat-Add Coal 77

Pat-Add Rheol 99

Water

Total

18.50

0.30

0.20

1.00

0.10

0.30

15.00

0.10

0.10

1.50

45.00

1.50

1.40

15.00

100.00 Figure 4 : Water resistance test after 1 day of application

Reference

Pat-Add DA 420

Raw materials Weight (%)



Wetting and dispersing additivesPat-Add DA 420

initial

Figure 5 : Color development and dE values with 1% universal colorant

Figure 6: Mill base viscosity Figure 7: Final paint viscosity

Figure 8: Daniel flow point for reference and Pat-Add DA 420

Figure 9: Dispersant demand curve for Pat-Add DA 420 and reference

The lower mill base viscosity indicates better wetting and dispersing ability during grinding and storage stability test indicates excellent stabilization of pigments by Pat-Add DA 420.

Lower dosage of Pat-Add DA 420 is sufficient to attain the Daniel flow point as compared to reference indicating its better wetting & dispersing character.

Reference (0.7% dosage) Pat-Add DA 420 (0.6% dosage)

Pat-Add DA 420 after 1 month stability

Reference after 1 month stability

Visc

osity

in c

P

380

Mill base viscosity

407

Reference Pat-Add DA 420

Visc

osity

in K

U

76

88

77

Before incubatorstability

After 1 monthincubator stability

81


0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

Dispersant demand curve

Visc

osity

CP

ReferencePat-Add DA 420

Dosage of dispersig agents in grams

dE= 0.23 dE= 0.53 dE= 0.34 dE= 0.78

Reference initial


Foam is a colloid consisting of gas suspended in liquid which is stabilized by surfactants present in the system.

Pat-Add DA 202 proves to be an excellent wetting agent which generates low foam during grinding.

However for complete elimination of foam, Patcham provides a wide range of defoamers with different chemistries i.e., mineral oil, silicone oil and polymeric type.

Figure 10 : Foaming tendency of wetting agents



What defoamer does?Faster penetratinon into the foam lamella, destabilizing

it and make it burst

Property required for a defoamer?Should be insoluble in the

formulation to be defoamed and should have low surface tension

How defoamer should perform?Balance between compatibility and efficiency to be considered

to prevent any defect

Defoamers

Surfactants are present in a typical waterborne formulation as pigment wetting agents, components in polymeric binders, biocides, thickeners or other components of paints. As a consequence, foam elimination starts with selecting low foaming type of wetting agents.



Efficiency of a defoamer can be judged independently without adding it to a paint system by this method.

Defoaming tests

Shaking test

Figure 11: Defoaming effeciency of Pat-Add defoamers

Defoaming performance of mineral oil defoamers

Defoaming performance of silicone oil defoamers Defoaming performance of polymeric defoamers

Blank Pat-Add AF 11 Pat-Add AF 14D Reference 1 Reference 2

Blank Pat-Add AF 34 Reference 3 Blank Pat-Add AF 43 Reference 4

Take 0.2%-0.3% of defoamer in 1% surfactant solution and shake it gently. The test results can be compared to a control and other reference samples as shown in the figure below



Density test

Density of paint sample with defoamer

Higher value of air entrapment indicates presence of more foam in the paint system

Theoretical paint density of the samplex 100 }{100-% air entrapment =

Mineral oil defoamers Paint density % air entrapment

in final paint

BlankPat-Add AF 11Pat-Add AF 14DReference 1

1.171.401.391.32

18.182.092.797.69

Silicone oil defoamers

Paint density % air entrapment in final paint

BlankPat-Add AF 34Reference 2

1.171.411.38

18.181.403.49

Polymericdefoamers Paint density % air entrapment

in final paint

BlankPat-Add AF 43Reference 3

1.171.411.40

18.181.402.09

Table 3: Performance of mineral oil defoamers in paint

Table 4: Performance of silicone oil defoamers in paint

Table 5: Performance of polymeric defoamers in paint

% air entrapment in final paint

Pat-Add AF 11

Pat-Add AF 14D

Ref 1Blank

20

15

10

5

0


Pat-Add AF 34

Ref 2Blank

20

15

10

5

0


Pat-Add AF 43

Ref 3Blank

20

15

10

5

0

Presence of foam in a paint system reduces its density and hence disturbs the weight and volume balance which in turn affects the fill volume of paint.

The variation of density of paint as compared to the theoretical density indicates the amount of foam present in the system. This variation can be expressed as % AIR ENTRAPMENT which can be calculated as

In Tables 3,4 and 5 the theoretical density is maintained at 1.43 for determining the practical % air entrapment.

The family of rheology modifiers can generally be divided into following groups on the basis of their chemical nature:

Cellulose derivatives Acrylic thickeners Clays Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes (HEUR) Hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions (HASE)



Figure 12: Application with foam roller showing presence of foam in the film.

Roller application test

Reference 1 Pat-Add AF 11

Pat-Add AF 34 Reference 2

Pat-Add AF 43 Reference 3

Rheology modifiers are a class of additive which control the application properties and final appearance of the paint film. They also help in enhancing the storage stability of the paint. They can affect processing, color performance and perception of paint quality by the customer

Rheology modifiers

The roller application test stimulates real application conditions.

The paint is applied with a roller to a substrate and foaming during application is assessedAlong with the defoaming efficiency of the defoamer; presence of any surface defects, incompatibility & air entrapment can also be judged at this stage after the film is completely dried


Issues and challenges of different class of rheology modifiersCellulosic thickeners

Acrylic thickeners

Advantages of HEUR over conventional thickeners

Thickening mechanism is by Hydrogen bonding

Exhibits very poor flow and levelling property

In the thickening mechanism as there is no interaction with pigments and latex, cellulosic thickeners based paint shows flocculation problems

The main disadvantage of cellulosic thickeners is it susceptiblity to microbial attack as they are natural polymers

The thickening mechanism is pH dependant.

Due to the presence of acid functional groups the thickeners are sensitive towards cations ( e.g.- Calcium)The paint system formulated with Acrylic thickeners shows poor water sensitivity

Broad rheology profile (From low shear to high shear)

Highly efficient across many resin types

Improved wash and scrub resistance

pH independent

Low impact on water whitening

Excellent leveling

Reduce spattering

Pat-Add Rheol 99

Pat-Add Rheol 100 ( VOC Free)Pat-Add Rheol series are HEUR (Hydrophobically modified polyurethanes) which provide thickening by interactions of end-groups of a thickener molecule both with themselves and with the components of the coating. Due to this dual interac-tion, a network is formed within the system that improves the flow and anti sagging properties of the paint. Figure 13 : Classification of HEUR type rheology

modifiers on the basis of performance

HEUR

Stormer viscosity builder

High stormer Viscosity

( KU Viscosity)

Low ICI Viscosity

Low shear Viscosity

Improved sag resistance

Good flow and leveling

High ICI Viscosity

( Cone and Plate)

Low stormer Viscosity

High shear Viscosity

(Shear rate 10000/sec)

Improved brush loading

Excellent flow and leveling

ICI viscosity builders




Figure 14 : Viscosity build up (KU) at different PVC levels

Figure 14 shows viscosity build up after addition of rheology modifier in low, medium and high PVC paint

Low PVC paint

Pat-Add Rheol 99 Pat-Add Rheol 100 Reference 1 Reference 2

Medium PVC paint High PVC paint

10069

82

83

90

82

75.8

7565

100

9593

Pat-Add Rheol 99

Pat-Add Rheol 99

Conventional cellulosic thickener

Pat-Add Rheol 100

Pat-Add Rheol 100

Reference

Figure 15: Flow property of the samples

µm

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

Figure 16: Sag resistance test using a sag applicator

A perfect balance of flow and sag resistance is the main advantage of using Pat-Add Rheol 99 and Pat-Add Rheol 100 in the paint system.

Visc

osity

in K

U

Visc

osity

in K

U

Visc

osity

in K

U



Pat-Add Rheol 125P

This product renders higher low shear viscosity (pseudoplastic) with good shear thinning rheology and excellent thickening effeciency to the system, which helps to improve anti-sag and anti-settling characteristics.

Controlling viscosity drop due to tinting

When paint samples with HEUR type of thickeners are tinted with high dosage of colorants, a drop in viscosity is observed in the paint system due to sudden increase in surfactant concentration. Addition of Pat-Add Rheol 125P solves this problem by minimizing the drop in viscosity.

Figure 18 : Viscosity drop after tinting blue colorant Figure 17 : Viscosity drop after tinting yellow iron oxide colorant

Figure 19 : Viscosity at different shear rates

Figure 20 : Viscosity equilibrium in KU

4118

3240

3320

2700

1895.6

24501751.6

1232

11001427.6

Visc

osity

in c

P

10 20 50 100 200

RPM

Pat-Add Rheol 125P Reference 1

133

131

134

102

84

131

113

117

Initial After tinting

10% yellow iron oxide 10% phthalo blue

Initial After tinting

Rheol 125P Reference 1 Rheol 125P Reference 1

106

86

107 103

Rheol 125P Ref.1

Viscosity, low PVC Initial Overnight

129

120

131134

Rheol 125P Ref.1

Viscosity, mid PVC Initial Overnight

Stable viscosity with Rheol 125P overnight

Viscosity pick up was observed with Ref 1

Viscosity drop in KU Viscosity drop in KU


Exterior & interior emulsion paintsGuideline formulation for architectural waterborne coatings

WaterHECpH regulatorPat-Add DA 103Pat-Add DA 202Pat-Add AF 11In-can preservativeFilm preservativeTitanium dioxideCalcium carbonatePropylene glycol LetdownPat-Add AF 11Styrene acrylic emulsionCoalescentPat-Add Rheol 100Water Total




28.000.200.200.600.400.200.251.508.00

37.00

1.00

0.1014.001.001.506.05

100.00

Table 6: Exterior architectural paint - high PVC

WaterPat-Add Rheol 99pH regulatorPat-Add DA 103Pat-Add DA 202Pat-Add AF 11In-can preservativeTitanium dioxideCalcium carbonatePropylene glycol LetdownPat-Add AF 11Pure acrylic emulsionCoalescentPat-Add Rheol 99Water

Total

6.151.000.300.500.400.200.15

13.0016.001.50

0.1042.00

1.200.50

17.00

100.00

Table 7: Interior architectural paint - medium PVC

Table 8: Architectural paint - low PVC

WaterpH regulatorPat-Add DA 103Pat-Add DA 202Pat-Add AF 11In-can preservativeTitanium dioxidePropylene glycol LetdownPat-Add AF 11Vam-Veova emulsionCoalescentPat-Add Rheol 99Water Total

26.500.400.600.200.200.15

15.001.00

0.1045.00

1.901.207.75

100.00



Patcham additives particularly, Pat-Add AF 34 effectively removes entraped bubbles from the coating giving a continuous and uniform finish to the coating.

The following formulation of an elastomeric wall paint allows a defect free coating at higher DFT, in extreme conditions.


Table 9: Formulation of an elastromeric paint

Elastromeric paint with Patcham additives

Figure 21: Application of elastomeric wall coating at 200 micron DFT

Water

HEC

pH regulator

Pat-Add DA103

Pat-Add DA 202

In-can preservative

Pat-Add AF 34

Titanium dioxide

Calcium carbonate

Talc

Letdown

Elastromeric emulsion

Pat-Add AF34

Pat-Add Rheol 99

Water

Total

15.00

0.60

0.30

0.50

0.30

0.40

0.50

12.00

12.00

10.00

38.00

0.20

0.40

9.80

100.00

Elastromeric wall coatings

Elastomeric wall coatings are designed to perform as a crack bridging type of coating.

As the wall is continuously exposed to natural weathering, the size and depth of the cracks present on the wall continue to propagate and grow

The main advantage of an elastomeric wall coating is to accommodate nominal structural changes

Elastomeric coating is applied at high DFT to retain the elastomeric property. However it can be difficult to remove the entrapped foam from within the film



Heat reflecting elastromic roof coatings

Color name L* a* b*

Standard

IR Reflecting pigment 1

IR Reflecting pigment 2

The highest heat reflection can be acheived with the combination of pigments and Patcham additives are illustrated below:

Elastromic roof coatings is one that has been designed to reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat than a standard roof.

95.54

97.98

97.86

-0.47

-0.21

-0.09

2.38

-0.18

0.27

83.6

88.3

89.1

85.1

88.9

90.5

% Solar reflectance

% Near infraredreflectance

Raw materials

Water

Inorganic thickener (clay)pH regulator

Pat-Add DA 103

Pat-Add DA 202

In-can preservative

Modified silane

Pat-Add AF 34

Titanium dioxide

Wollastonite

Pure acrylic emulsion

Coalescent

Acrylic resin (solid)

Aromatic solvent

Modified styrene-acrylic emulsion

Exapancel microspheres

Total

Weight (%)

Table 10: Formulation for elastromeric roof coat

Figure 22: % solar reflectance with Pat-Add additive range

15.98

1.900.25

0.50

0.201.59

0.15

0.30

2.86

14.29

36.51.00

1.29

1.00

16.00

6.19

100.00

IR Reflecting pigment 1 IR Reflecting pigment 2

Roof coatings are the topmost layer of protection, receiving direct impact of sunlight (Infrared and Ultraviolet), rain, hail and physical damage

Roof coatings reflect back a certain amount of sunlight depending on its nature. This is measured using the coatings solar reflectance index (SRI)


Exterior and interior texture paints

White Tinted to shade

Figure 23: Texture paint application

Table 11: Formulation of texture paint.

WaterHECpH regulatorPGPat-Add DA 103Pat-Add DA 202Pat-Add AF 34In-can preservativeTitanium dioxideCalcium carbonateChina clay LetdownAcrylic emulsionSilica sandCoalescent Total


5.200.400.205.501.00

0.70

0.500.508.00

22.0014.00

23.0018.001.00

100.00

A balanced formulation with the right dosage of Patcham additives gives sharp & flawless patterns. Patcham additives provide fine tuning to the appearance giving a desired profile and therefore ensure prolonged life to the coatings.

Texture paint is a specialty paint that has various types of textured designs, often named as traditional, classic, antique etc., through varied stippling patterns

Application of textured paints cover the holes, cracks and undulations present on the wall with unique textured designs


Patcham has developed products to minimize these issues and thus help the manufacturers to improve paint performance and lower the cost of manufacturing. The formulations given below to show the effectiveness of Patcham additives.

Table 12 shows formulations of different grades TiO2 with Pat-Add DA 103 which acts as a dispersing as well as stabilizing agent for pigment slurries.


WaterPat-Add DA 103pH regulatorIn-can preservativeTitanium dioxide LetdownWater Total

Raw materials TiO2-A TiO2-B TiO2-C

Table 12 : Formulation of slurries with different grades of TiO2

15.006.000.500.30

60.00

18.20100.00

15.006.000.500.30

60.00

18.20100.00

15.006.000.500.30

60.00

18.20100.00

Figure 24: Flow properties of TiO2 slurries

Figure 25: Viscosity and opacity comparisions of titanium dioxide slurries

Low viscosity and high opacity of slurries with Pat-Add DA 103 indicates good wetting and dispersion.

TiO2 A TiO2 B TiO2 C TiO2 A TiO2 B TiO2 C

466488

406 417

463449

Visc

osity

cP

Pat-Add DA 103Reference

Opa

city

val

ues

9291

90 90 90

89

It is a common practice to make emulsion paints affordable by adding various extender slurries of high loading levels

Issues like improper grinding, poor mixing of the slurries leads to settling and poor viscosity control, which not only affects paint performance, but also increases manu-facturing cost

In order to overcome this, one needs to have a balanced formulation with the right additive combination



Water

HEC

pH regulator

Pat-Add DA 103

Pat-Add AF 11

In-can preservative

Propylene glycol

Extender

Letdown

Pat-Add Rheol 100

Water

Total

Table 13 : Slurries with different extender formulation

Calcium carbonate

Raw materials

12.00

0.20

0.30

3.00

0.25

0.25

11.00

70.00

1.00

2.00

100.00

15.00

0.25

0.30

3.00

0.40

0.20

10.00

70.00

0.50

0.35

100.00

20.90

0.30

0.30

3.00

0.55

0.25

24.00

50.00

1.00

-

100.00

46.00

0.40

0.30

2.00

0.30

0.20

12.00

38.00

0.50

0.60

100.00

Figure 26: Viscosity variations of extender slurries over long term stability

Zinc oxide Aluminium silicate

Initial After 2 weeks stability

After 5 months stability

Visc

osity

(KU

)

125

132128

140 142

150



Visc

osity

(KU

)

105

122118

132 130

150

Calcium carbonate slurry

Aluminium silicate slurryPat-Add DA 103Reference

Talc 10micron



Figure 27: Viscosity variations of extender slurries over long term stability

Figure 28: Observation of settling in extender slurries over long term stability

Talc slurry Calcium carbonate slurry

Pat-Add DA 103 Reference Pat-Add DA 103 Reference

Pat-Add DA 103 Reference Pat-Add DA 103 Reference



Visc

osity

(KU

)126

132130 132

139

150



Visc

osity

(KU

)

98

132104

135137 138

Zinc oxide slurry

Talc 10 micron slurry

Pat-Add DA 103Reference

Zinc oxide slurry Aluminum silicate slurry


Architectural solvent borne paints

Features Dosage on total paint formulation (%)

Pat-Add additives

Top coats provide the desired aesthetic look and come in various shades and gloss levels. Typically a top coat includes TiO2 based white paint which can either be applied directly or can be tinted to multiple shades as per need of the customer. These top coats are applied by brushing or suitable rollers to get the required hiding.

Alkyd enamel top coat - white

Resin system

Pat-Add DA 707Dispersing Agent

Amphoteric dispersing agent for polar pigments

Solvent borne Alkyd paints, inks, plasticizers and colorants

0.7-3.0Grinding stage

Table 14: Formulation of alkyd top coat

Figure 29: Flow property

Figure 30: Color development with 1% colorant

Universal fast red

Universal red iron oxide

Raw materials

Long oil alkyd

Rheological additive

Pat-Add DA 707

Titanium dioxide

MTO

letdown

Long oil alkyd

Patcom 24 (combination drier)

MTO

Patox 1 (MEKO)

Total

20.00

3.00

0.70

22.00

8.00

30.00

1.46

14.64

0.20

100.00

These types of paints are mostly applied over metal and wood substrates

In architectural solvent based paints, air drying alkyds are used as film formers.

Alkyd based top coats are available in three type of finishes glossy, semi glossy and mattThe application would also involve a suitable primer followed by variable top coats

Weight (%)




Pat-Add additives

Resin system

Pat-Add DA 786Water incorparation

additive

Mixture of anionic and non-ionic surface active agent for water incorpora-tion. Anti-settling and anti-sagging agents

Alkyd based paint0.5 - 1.0

Grinding stage

Table 15: Typical formulation of water incorporation in alkyd based paint

Raw material

Long oil alkyd

Pat-Add DA 707

Pat-Add DA 786

Titanium dioxide

White spirit

Letdown

Long oil alkyd

White spirit


Patox 1 (MEKO)

Water

Total

Weight (%)

25.00

0.30

0.50

18.00

13.00

17.00

4.50

1.50

0.20

20.00

100.00

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

Incorporation of water in alkyd based paints helps to reduce VOC and cost

Pat-Add DA 786 has been used to incorporate water in alkyd systems without affecting gloss, leveling, sagging and stability of the system

The incorporation of the Pat-Add DA 786 uniquely allows water to be post-added with minimum complexity



Raw material Weight (%)

Table 16: Formulations with different dosages of Pat-Add DA 786

Long oil alkyd

Pat-Add DA 707

Pat-Add DA 786

Titanium dioxide

White spirit

Letdown

Long oil alkyd

White spirit


Patox 1 (MEKO)

Reference

Water

Total

25.00

0.30

0.10

18.00

13.00

17.00

4.90

1.5

0.20

-

20.00

100.00

25.00

0.30

0.25

18.00

13.00

17.00

4.75

1.5

0.20

-

20.00

100.00

25.00

0.30

0.50

18.00

13.00

17.00

4.50

1.5

0.20

-

20.00

100.00

25.00

0.30

0.75

18.00

13.00

17.00

4.25

1.5

0.20

-

20.00

100.00

25.00

0.30

-

18.00

13.00

17.00

4.00

1.5

0.20

1.00

20.00

100.00

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Reference

Figure 31: In-can appearance of alkyd based paint after water incorporation.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Reference

Figure 32 : Comparison of gloss values of Pat-Add 786 with various dosages against reference at 1 % dosage

Through various trials, optimization of the dosage of Pat-Add 786 was conducted. It is to be noted that Pat-Add DA 707 works only as a dispersing agent in the system.

84 84 8481 81

91 91 91 90 89

80 8083

81 82

89 89 89 90 89

70

75

80

85

90

95

0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 Reference (1.00)

Glo

ss u

nits

Dosage of Pat-Add 786(%)

Gloss values of alkyd paints

at 20 ° Initial at 60° Initial at 20 ° after stability at 60° after stability


Table 17: Pat-Add compatabilizers


Pat-Add additives Resin system

Problem solving additives

The paint samples tinted with universal colorants sometime show compatibility problems, resulting in shade variations. Pat-Add compatibilizers are the best candidates for solving these type of problems.

Pat-Add DA 301Compatibilizer



Universal compatibilizer for use in paints and colorants to optimize color development

Anionic wetting agent for use in paints and colorants to optimize color development.

Electro neutral wetting for solvent based paint

2.0 - 5.0

2.0 - 5.0

0.4 - 4.0

Emulsion as well as alkyd system which are tinted with universal colorants.

Formulation of pigment dispersions as well as additive in base paints, which are tinted with universal colorants.

Main application is in organic solvent-borne white and neutral base paints, part of a universal tinting system, and based on thermoplastic Polyacrylate (TPA) binder.

Without Pat-Add DA 301 With Pat-Add DA 301

Without Pat-Add DA 305 With Pat-Add DA 305

Figure 33: In-can appearance

Figure 34: Rub out application test

Notes

w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m

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The information given in this booklet is intended for technical guidance without obligation. Ver. 1.0

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