1 architectural history architectural history: byzantine architecture

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1 Architectural History Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

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Page 1: 1 Architectural History Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

1

Architectural History

Architectural History:

Byzantine Architecture

Page 2: 1 Architectural History Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture

Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture 2

Objectives

Outline the background affecting the period. Isolate elements associated with Byzantine

architecture. Identify famous Byzantine buildings. Recognize key terms from Byzantine

architecture.

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Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture 3

Early Byzantine Architecture

Background Western Empire in ruin

Rome twice sacked Italy in hands of Ostrogoths

Justinian Re-conquers Western Empire Launches era of Byzantine architecture Establishes Constantinople as center of political and

architectural renewal

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Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture 4

Early Byzantine Architecture

Architectural Factors Central-Plan Structure

Square central core Squared pier forms

Pendentive Dome Lighting and Decoration

Transcendental effect No visible surface left in a natural state

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Early Byzantine Architecture

Architectural Examples Hagia Sophia Saint Vitale, Ravenna Saint Marco, Venice

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Hagia Sophia

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)

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Saint Vitale, Ravenna

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)

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Saint Marco,Venice

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)

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Middle Byzantine Architecture

Background Renaissance (842 – 1204) Follows period of the Dark Ages (610-842) Culminated in Icoloclasm Empire reduced from Justinian’s rule Relatively stabilized Reached a peak in a flowering of the arts

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Middle Byzantine Architecture

Architectural Plans Cross-in-square

Domed central core Radiating cross-arms Barrel-valued Vaulted corner units

Octogon-domed Triple-domed Douple-apsed outer narthex Inner narthex with a single dome Barrel-vaulted aisles

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Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture 11

Middle Byzantine Architecture

Architectural Plans (continued) Cross-octagon

Begins as a cube Transformed through squinches Becomes an octogan, cupola, and a cross Interpenetrates a secondary belt of structure

Architectural Examples Bodrum Camii (the Myrelaion) Theotokos Churches, Hosios Loukas

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Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture 12

Bodrum Camii (the Myrelaion)

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)

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Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture 13

Theotokos Churches, Hosios Loukas

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)

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Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture 14

Late Byzantine Architecture

Background Period between 1267 - 1453 Paleologian dynasty rule Diminishing Empire Retains a surprising artistic creativity

Architectural Factors Architectural system pushed to the limit Lacked balance and harmony Excessive and manneristic

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Late Byzantine Architecture

Architectural Examples Pantanassa Parigoritissa at Arta Church at Gracanica

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Pantanassa

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)

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Parigoritissa

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)

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Church at Gracanica

© Frim. srl Milano (http://www.thais.it)

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Architectural History: Byzantine Architecture 19

Vocabulary Review Apse Basilica Cross-in-square Cross-octogon Cupola Domed basilica Fresco

Half-dome Icon Iconastasis Mosaic Narthex Nave Octogon-domed

Pantokrator Pendentive dome Piers Sanctuary Squinch Vault