1 © by lufthansa flight training the lufthansa approach to ab initio training florian hamm, ceo...
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1© by Lufthansa Flight Training
The Lufthansa Approachto Ab Initio TrainingFlorian Hamm, CEO Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009, Hong Kong
2© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Agenda
> Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training> Concept development> MPL A Jet - Training programme> Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations> Information technology> Conclusion
3© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
The history of ab initio training at Lufthansa
“Classic” ab initio
FUTURA MPL
1956 1987 2009
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
4© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Starting point for introducing a new ab initio training concept
> ICAO Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL)> Benchmarking study of training costs> Life-time limit of existing training aircraft PA 42> Fundamental policy of the Lufthansa Group:
· to retain an ab initio training system with consistent pre-selection· to retain the Pilot School in Bremen / Phoenix, Arizona for Lufthansa’s
ab initio training· to retain 2003 training standards
Further development of the training system was necessary
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
5© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
> Working group made up of representatives of:
> Review Board:
· Postholder Flight Operations Lufthansa German Airlines
· Postholder Crew Training Lufthansa German Airlines
· CEO Lufthansa Flight Training
· Short and Medium-haul Fleet Manager Lufthansa German Airlines
· Vice President Pilot Schools Bremen & Phoenix
· Head of Controlling Operations Lufthansa German Airlines
· Corporate Safety Pilot and Quality Manager Lufthansa German Airlines
· Postholder Training SWISS
Project organisation
Concept development
6© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Targets and critical success factors
> Target:· To develop a new ab initio concept by 2008
> Critical success factors:· Training quality· Training costs· Instructor qualification· Compliance with basic legal requirements
(JAR, German law, European law)
Concept development
7© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Procedure
> Step 1: Training needs analysis
Deduce quality requirements
> Step 2: Compare the cost of alternatives that provide the same quality
Concept development
8© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Step 1: Training needs analysis
Concept development
00:10
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
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02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00
75:00 75:00
I C E 11 12 14 13 13 14 17 17 17 17 19 18 18 18 17 18 17 17 18 19 18 18 18 18 18 17
Safety procedures 1 2 35 I C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E EChecklist procedures 1 2 35 I C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E EJet aircraft handling 3 29 6 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CSituational awareness and decision making 0 32 6 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CBasic instruments procedures 2 30 6 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CRadio Nav procedures 2 26 9 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E EApproach procedures 4 16 18 I I I I C C C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E EAirwork procedures 2 3 3 I I C E E EAircraft handling 2 18 18 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E EVisual circuit/approach 4 0 0Leadership and teamwork using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E EWorkload management using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E ECommunication procedures using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E ETouch and go 6 12 1 I I I I C C C C C C EAuto flight procedures 7 18 6 I I C I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E EAbnormal procedures 5 9 6 I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E EIFR enroute procedures 5 15 12 I I I I I C C C C C C C E E E E E E E EFMS 5 12 15 I I I I I C C C C E E E E E E E E E E ETCAS 5 5 0 I I I I I C C C C CEGPWS 2 0 0 I IATC Environment 25 8 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IBasic RNAV procedures 8 10 15 I I I I I I I I C C E E E E E E E E E E E
107 298 236
Intr
oduc
tion
Con
solid
atio
n
Exe
cutio
n
9© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Step 2: Cost comparison of alternatives
Concept development
5 4 6 7Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD TrnghrsPHX FCL F 33 156:40 PHX FCL F 33 158:40 PHX FCL F 33 158:40 PHX FCL F 33 141:30PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:10PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:50BRE FCL Sim PA 42 31:00 BRE FCL Sim PA 42 37:00 PHX FCL FNPT II twin eng. 20:00 BRE FCL FNPT II MCC 49:00BRE FCL A/C PA 42 11:30 BRE FCL A/C PA 42 11:30 PHX FCL A/C PA 44 15:00 BRE FCL A/C 15:50FRA JO Simulator 44:00 FRA JO Simulator 44:00 BRE FCL A/C PA 44 15:00 FRA JO Simulator 32:00FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA JO Simulator 60:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days FRA TR Simulator 48:00 offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days
offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days
1 3 2 0Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD TrnghrsPHX Core F 33 82:10 PHX Core F 33 82:10 PHX Core F 33 65:00 PHX Core F 33 82:10PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50 PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50 PHX Core F 33 Solo 18:00 PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 45:00 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 60:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 56:00 PHX Core A/C PA 44 45:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 60:00BRE Basic A/C 15:00 BRE Basic A/C 15:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 22:30 FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 60:00FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 32:00 FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 44:00 BRE Interm. Simulator 45:00 FRA Advanced Simulator 42:00FRA TR Simulator 42:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 daysoffen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 days
8Location Segment A/C or FSTD TrnghrsPHX Core F 33 158:40PHX Core F 33 Solo 24:30PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 20:00offen Basic Simulator 48:30offen Interm. Simulator 32:00FRA Advanced Simulator 42:00offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 days
MPL B trial
FCL actualFCL actual with replacement for
PA 42 (Turboprop)
MPL A Jet
FCL new Jet
MPL A (Turboprop)
FCL actual with replacement for PA 42 (Piston Engine)
MPL A (PA 44) MPL B
• FCL Concept• costs
• syllabus object.• costs
• syllabus object.• risks A/C• risks LdgTrng• costs
• syllabus object.• FCL Concept• risk A/C• costs
• FCL concept• costs
• risk concept MPL• risk Ldg Trng
• costs• risk capacity• risk Ldg Trng
10© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
MPL A Jet – the most cost-efficient alternative
> Multi-Crew Pilot Licence Training:· Single-engine flight hours (F33) reduced by about 50%· Creditable synthetic training time (FSTD) increased by about 50%· Multi-engine flight hours increased by about 30%· Simulator hours during Jet Orientation and Type Rating cut by about 25%
> Training costs reduced by about 15% per student pilot > PA 42 Cheyenne replaced by a high-performance aircraft
MPL A Jet: Training programme
11© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
MPL: The legal basis
MPL A Jet: Training programme
Acc. AMC JAR FCL 1 Amd. 7
Training Items Ground
training media
Advanced - CRM Aeroplane:
- Landing training Turbine
- All weather Muli-engine
- LOFT Multi-crew certified
- Abnormal procedures FSTD:
- Normal procedures Type IV
Intermediate - CRM
- LOFT
- Abnormal procedures FSTD:
- Normal procedures Type III
- Multi-crew
- Instrument flight - CBT
Basic - CRM Aeroplane: - E-learning
- PF/PNF complement Single or multi-engine - Part task trainer
- IFR Cross-country - classroom
- Instrument flight
FSTD:
Type II
Core flying skills - CRM Aeroplane:
- VFR Cross-country Single or multi-engine
- Solo flight
- Basic Instrument flight
- Principles of flight FSTD:
- Cockpit procedures Type I
- Upset recovery
- Night flight
Training course shall initially include 70 hours of actual flying time.
PF
Inte
grat
ed T
hrea
t &
Err
or M
anag
emen
t P
rinci
ples
Type rating training within
an airline oriented
environment
Application of multi-crew
operation in a high
performance multi-engine
turbine aeroplane
Introduction of multi-crew
operations and instrument
flight
Specific basic single pilot
training
Phase of Training
12 take-offs and
landings as PF
PF / PNF
PF / PNF
PF / PNF
FSTD
(Flight Simulation Training
Devices)
Fully equivalent to a
level C & D Full
Flight SimulatorTYPE IV
Flight and simulated flight training
media - Minimum level requirement
2 Pilot Muli-Engine
Turbine-powered
Aeroplane
w/enhanced daylight
visual and autopilot
capable of ATC,
Flight Guidance,
EFIS, FMS, and
TCAS
TYPE III
E-training and Part-
task devicesTYPE I
Generic Turbine-
powered Aeroplane
or equivalent to FAA
FTD Level 5, or JAA
FNPT II, MCC
TYPE II
12© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Training in Bremen, Phoenix and Frankfurt
MPL A Jet: Training programme
1.Theoretical Training Bremen
> 2.Flight Training Phoenix(Core Phase 1-4)
> 3.Flight Training Bremen(Basic Phase 1-3)
> 4.Flight Training Frankfurt(Intermediate and Advanced Phase)
- approx. 4 months –F33 FSTD and F33 A/C
- in total 114:30 flight hours
- approx. 3.5 months –
CJ1+ FSTD andCJ1+ A/C
- in total 75 flight hours
- approx. 3 months –B737 / A320 FSTDB737 / A320 A/C
- in total 74 flight hours
- approx. 11.5 months
- total teachingunits 1184
13© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Theory Syllabus
MPL A Jet: Training programme
*TU = teaching units
Starter Course 48 TU* Navigation (060) 192 TU061 108 TU
Air Law (010) 130 TU 062 84 TU
Aircraft General Knowledge (020) 312 TU Operational Procedures (070) 50 TU021E 98 TU021T 106 TU Principles of Flight (080) 48 TU022 108 TU
Communications (090) 30 TUFlight Performance and Planning (030) 136 TU
031 22 TU FMS 16 TU032 62 TU033 52 TU
Human Performance & Limitations (040) 88 TU
Meteorology (050) 134 TU Total 1184 TU
1. TheoreticalTraining Bremen
>
14© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Reorganisation of theory
14 JAR-FCL Examination Subjects
5 T
rain
ing
Ph
ases
Ground Instruction of LH Student Pilots
1
2
3
4
5
Operatio
nal
Procedure
s
VFR Com.
IFR Com.
Mass &
BalancePrin
ciples of
Flight
Perform
ance
Human
Perform
ance
Meteorology
Gen.
Navigation
Radio
Navigation
Air Law &
ATC Aircra
ft Gen.
Knowledge
Instrumentatio
n
Flight
Planning
Interdisciplinary Starter Course
Interdisciplinary Course FMS
> Matrix organisation· examination subjects, interdisciplinary courses· phases
MPL A Jet: Training programme 1. TheoreticalTraining Bremen
>
15© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Core Phase> Training aircraft:
· Beechcraft Bonanza F33· Beechcraft Bonanza F33C (upset recovery)
> Flight simulation training device:· Type specific FNPT II
(Beechcraft Bonanza F33)
> Phases: in total: 114:30 hrs· Core 1:
Airwork / pattern up to first solo: 28:55 hrs · Core 2:
Airwork / pattern / cross country up to first solo X/C: 34:45 hrs
· Core 3: Airwork / pattern / cross country / night flying / upset: 28:20 hrs
· Core 4: Basis instruments / IF procedures: 22:30 hrs
2. Flight Training Phoenix(Core Phase 1-4)
MPL A Jet: Training programme
16© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Basic Phase> Training aircraft:
· Cessna Citation CJ1+
> Equipment:· Third crew seat (unique feature)· Collins Pro Line 21· Collins FMS 3000· Dual VHF 4000e· TCAS II· EGPWS Mark V
> Phases: in total: 75:00 hrs· Basic 1:
Normal / IF procedures STD: 36:00 hrs· Basic 2:
Abnormal procedures / LOFT STD: 24:00 hrs· Basic 3:
Approaches / LOFT Aircraft: 15:00 hrs
3. Flight Training Bremen(Basic Phase 1-3)
MPL A Jet: Training programme
17© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Basic Phase
> Flight simulation training device:· Type specific FNPT II / MCC and FTD 2· (Cessna Citation CJ1+)
> Features:· IOS with two 17”‘ touchscreens· Collins Pro Line 21 / FMS 3000· TCAS II scenarios· EGPWS scenarios· Wind shear scenarios· WX radar· T/O plot· 10 airports in visual DB / all others generic· 2 cameras for MCC training
3. Flight Training Bremen(Basic Phase 1-3)
MPL A Jet: Training programme
18© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Intermediate and Advanced Phase
Jet Orientation > Type Rating >
- 32:00 hrs - 42:00 hrs
4. Flight Training Frankfurt(Intermediate and Advanced Phase)
>
MPL A Jet: Training programme
19© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations
> Definition of Lufthansa-specific requirements> Review of all materials in terms of relevance to flight training> Targets
· Updating of content identified as both safety-related and practice-relevant by training captains and flight instructors
· Editing of LFT and LH content, working in close collaboration> Review of all learning targets by A320 and B737 training captains as well as by
flight instructors from Bremen and Phoenix, Arizona
Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations
20© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Reorganisation – Information Technology
> The switch to a new training concept was used as an opportunity to reorganise IT:
· Administration was simplified through
- online access to performance data at various locations- central data management to verify performance
· A grading system was integrated into the administrative software to enable individual performance tracking
Information technology
21© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Thank you for your attention!
21© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
22© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
The classic ab initio concept
> Single Pilot Concept> Completed flight hours suffice as proof of
competency > No / little use of synthetic training devices > Late introduction to CCC/MCC
Backup
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
23© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
The “FUTURA” concept
> Single pilot concept> Completed flight hours suffice as proof of
competence > Use of synthetic training device up to the
simulator (PA42)> Use of more complex aircraft (PA42)> Early introduction to CCC/MCC
Backup
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
24© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Multi-Crew Pilot Licence
> Single pilot concept only in the first phase of training> Competence-based training> Synthetic training devices used in all phases of the training> Very early introduction to MCC> Teaching of Threat and Error Management (TEM)
> At LH: Use of jets in Basic Phase of training
Backup
Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training
25© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
MPL A Jet – the cost-efficient alternative
> Multi-Crew Pilot Licence training:· Single-engine flight hours (F33) reduced by about 50%
(158:40 to 82:30) · Creditable synthetic training time (FSTD) increased by about 50%
(154:30 to 222:30) · Multi-engine flight hours increased by about 30% (10:00 to 15:00)· Simulator hours during Jet Orientation and Type Rating reduced by about
25% (92:00 to 74:00)> Training costs reduced by about 15% per student> PA 42 “Cheyenne” replaced by a high-performance aircraft
MPL A Jet: Training programme
Backup
26© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009
Experience to date
> Costs have remained within budget> Results of theory examination on a par with previous results> As yet there has been no need to adjust the concept
Conclusion
Backup