1 chapter 3 atoms and elements 3.3 the periodic table copyright © 2009 by pearson education, inc
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements
3.3The Periodic Table
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Groups and Periods
On the periodic table,
• elements are arranged according to similar properties.
• groups contain elements with similar properties in vertical columns.
• periods are horizontal rows of elements.
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Groups and Periods
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Periodic Table
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Group Numbers
Group Numbers
• use the letter A for the representative elements (1A to 8A) and the letter B for the transition elements.
• also use numbers 1-18 to the columns from left to right.
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Names of Some Representative Elements
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Alkali Metals
Group 1A (1), the alkali metals, includes lithium, sodium, and potassium.
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Halogens
Group 7A (17), the halogens, includes chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Identify the element described by the following:
A. Group 7A (17), Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Group 2A (2), Period 3 1) beryllium 2) boron 3) magnesium
C. Group 5A (15), Period 2 1) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3) nitrogen
Learning Check
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A. Group 7A (17), Period 4 1) Br
B. Group 2A (2), Period 3
3) magnesium
C. Group 5A (15), Period 2
3) nitrogen
Solution
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Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
The heavy zigzag line separates metals and
nonmetals.
• Metals are located to the left.
• Nonmetals are located to the right.
• Metalloids are located along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals.
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Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids on the Periodic Table
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Metals
• are shiny and ductile.
• are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Nonmetals
• are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.
• are good insulators.
Metalloids
• are better conductors than nonmetals, but not as good as metals.
• are used as semiconductors and insulators.
Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
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Comparing a Metal, Metalloid, and Nonmetal
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Identify each of the following elements as
1) metal, 2) nonmetal, or 3) metalloid.
A. sodium ____
B. chlorine ____
C. silicon ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
Learning Check
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Identify each of the following elements as
1) metal, 2) nonmetal, or 3) metalloid.
A. sodium 1 metal
B. chlorine 2 nonmetal
C. silicon 3 metalloid
D. iron 1 metal
E. carbon 2 nonmetal
Solution
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Match the elements to the description.
A. Metals in Group 4A (14) 1) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A (15) 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P 3) N, P, As, Sb
C. Metalloids in Group 4A (14) 1) C, Si, Ge, 2) Si, Ge 3) Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
Learning Check
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Match the elements to the description.
A. Metals in Group 4A (14)1) Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A (15) 2) N, P
C. Metalloids in Group 4A (14) 2) Si, Ge
Solution