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Chapter 34 Sections 1-4

• Latin America Since 1945

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multinational corporations

• One way to develop economically was to invite foreign corporations to do business in Latin America. Leaders believed these corporations would bring capital and technology into their nations and spur industrialization. These are called___________

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industrialization

• Profits from multinational corporations usually did not stay in Latin American countries, which hindered _________________ in those nations.

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crops

• Reliance on exports of only one or two ________ led to economic instability in Latin American countries.

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Mexico

• NAFTA- the North American Free Trade Agreement, created a free trade zone for Canada, the U.S., and ___________.

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increase

• When Latin America began to industrialize, its population began to______________.

• The populations of Latin American countries have grown dramatically, in part because of better nutrition and health care for some in the region.

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United States

• Many Latin Americans moved to the ________________ to find jobs.

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Mayo

• Mothers of the Plaza de_______ - are a group of women in Argentina who oppose abuses of government and military power. Many of their family members had disappeared due to government-sanctioned violence.

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Trade

• The OAS is a _______ and defense group. It’s aim was to foster economic, military, and cultural cooperation among the hemisphere's nations. Founded in 1948, it has 35 members.

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Dominican Republic• The founding of the OAS

represented a continuation of the Good Neighbor Policy, through which the United States sought cooperation with its southern neighbors. This ideal, however, proved difficult to achieve. For example, in 1965 the U.S. intervened in a revolution in the_______________. The OAS gave its approval to this military action. Despite this official support, however, the incident caused some local resentment and soured U.S.-Latin American relations.

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34-2 Manuel Noriega

• dictator of Panama, ousted by U.S. in late 1980’s.

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PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional )

• Institutional Revolutionary Party - anti-reform Mexican political party. It’s initials in Spanish are ____. It wielded power in the country—under a succession of names—for more than 70 years. The PRI is a member of the Socialist International (official symbol to the left).

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Sandinistas

_________________-Marxist Nicaraguan rebel group.

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Contras

___________- U.S. funded Nicaraguan guerrilla group who were anti-Sandinistas.

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Violeta Barrios de Chamorro

_____________- became Nicaraguan president after winning a free election.

(President from 1990 – 97)

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Daniel Ortega ____________-

Sandinista Nicaraguan leader. He became a member of the ruling junta and was later elected president,

serving from 1985 to 1990. He was an unsuccessful candidate for president in 1996 and 2001 before winning the 2006 presidential election.

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Iran's Romance of Nicaragua

• Here’s Ortega in 2007 with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

• www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,166050...

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Colonel Oliver North• Nicaragua, the Central

American nation noted for its connection to Iran during a political scandal two decades ago, is coming under fresh scrutiny for its ties to Tehran. Back in the '80s, ___________ and members of the Reagan Administration found themselves embroiled in controversy for selling arms to Iran and illegally funneling the profits to the anti-Communist rebels known as the contras, who were fighting the regime of Daniel Ortega. Now Ortega is once again President of Nicaragua — and apparently forging new ties with Tehran.

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34-3 Fidel Castro

__________ overthrew the Cuban government of Fulgencio Batista in 1959.

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American

• At first, many Cubans agreed with Castro’s vision of a Cuba which would be free from ___________ influence.

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Dictatorship

• Castro’s form of govt. – best described as a _____________.

• Thousands of political opponents to the Castro regime have been killed, primarily during the first decade of his leadership.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO6aH4EiQ_Q&feature=related

* Click here to see a video of one of the thousands of Cubans who lost their lives in front of Castro's firing squad.

- http://www.therealcuba.com/page5.htm

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Speech

• Castro’s rule improved health care & education but there is no freedom of ______.

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Pigs

• Bay of ______ - failed U.S. backed invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles.

• The 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful attempted invasion by armed Cuban exiles in southwest Cuba, planned and funded by the United States, in an attempt to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro.

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boycotts

• Cuba’s economy was affected by U.S.-led _________________.

• Cartoon: Fidel Castro claims to be fine as Uncle Sam buries him

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Soviet Union

       Cuba received large amounts of financial & military aid from the former _____ ______.

• Cartoon: Fidel Castro’s disease?

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commonwealth

• By 1952, Puerto Rico had moved from being a territory to a _________________of the United States.

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Bootstrap

• Operation __________ was a successful (U.S.-backed) economic program to boost Puerto Rico’s economy. (1948)

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Fort San Felipe del Morro

• —or El Castillo San Felipe del Morro in Spanish— is a sixteenth-century citadel which lies on the northwestern-most point of the islet of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Named in honor of King Philip II of Spain, the fort, also referred to as "El Morro" or "promontory", was designed to guard the entrance to San Juan bay, and defend the city of San Juan from seaborne enemies.

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Rafael Trujillo

• Rafael ________ - was dictator of the Dominican Republic from 1930 until he was assassinated in 1961.

• Image: Trujillo with his second wife Bienvenida in 1934.

• Full name: Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina

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Haiti

       Francois Duvalier “Papa Doc” and his son, “Baby Doc”ruled_________as virtual dictators from 1957 until forced out in 1987. It is on the western part of the island with the Dominican Republic.

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Jean-Bertrand Aristide• is a Haitian politician and

former Roman Catholic priest who was President of Haiti in 1991, again from 1994 to 1996, and then from 2001 to 2004. He was the second elected leader of Haiti and was popular among its poor inhabitants.

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coup d'état• Aristide was overthrown

twice, first in a military __________ in September, 1991, and subsequently in a February 2004 rebellion in which former soldiers prominently participated. After being deposed a second time he maintained from exile in South Africa that he was still the legal and legitimate president and that United States forces had kidnapped him. (Photo: Anti-Aristide protests escalated and the armed opposition seized the city of Gonaives).

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34-4 South America

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debt

• Brazil’s military govt. seemed to improve the economy, but the nation actually had the highest foreign ________ in the world.

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Argentina• Juan Domingo Perón

was a colonel and politician, elected three times as President of ___________ serving from 1946 to 1955 and from 1973 to 1974. Juan Peron rose to power because of the support of the lower-class workers and the middle class.

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Eva Peron

• Peron’s power was largely due to the popularity of his wife,________. María Eva Duarte de Perón was the second wife of President Juan Domingo Perón (1895–1974) who served as the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. (Age 33)

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Evita• http://youtube.com/watch?

v=DdD3MUFKleQ - Madonna• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Per%

C3%B3n• KATHY VOYTKO as Eva Peron and

PHILIP HERNANDEZ as Juan Peron in EVITA (Below)

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disappeared• Desaparecidos were

people who ____________during the “dirty war” in Argentina. The Dirty War (Spanish: Guerra Sucia) refers to the state-sponsored violence against Argentine citizenry from roughly 1976 to 1983 carried out primarily by Jorge Rafael Videla's military government.

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Falkland (Malvinas)

       The Argentine military tried, but failed to gain the ________ Islands from Britain in 1982.

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The Shining Path• _________________-

guerrilla group in Peru who operated with Marxist beliefs. They financed their actions from the cocaine business. (Also known as the Communist Party of Peru). Despite the arrests of many top leaders, the group continues to exist in Peru.

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Drug (mostly cocaine)• Columbia’s

participation in the _______ trade brought crime and violence to its cities.

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United States

• The Columbian authorities asked the ___________to intervene & help capture drug traffickers.

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Pablo Escobar (Columbia)

• ________________ gained world infamy as a Colombian drug dealer. He became so wealthy from the drug trade that in 1989 Forbes magazine listed him as the seventh richest man in the world.

• He was widely considered to be one of the most ambitious and powerful drug dealers in history. His brutal ruthlessness was also legendary: he would kill anyone who stood in his way and was responsible for the killing of 30 judges, 457 policemen, and other deaths at a rate of 20 each day for two months.

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Death • The war against Escobar ended on December 2, 1993, as he tried to elude the Search Bloc one more time. Using radio triangulation technology provided as part of the United States efforts, a Colombian electronic surveillance team found him hiding in a middle-class barrio in Medellín.

• The shootout between Escobar and the Search Bloc personnel ensued after the house was located. How Escobar was killed during the confrontation has been debated but it is known that he was cornered on the rooftops of Medellín and after a prolonged gunfight, suffered gunshots to the leg, torso, and the fatal one in his ear. Image:Colombian policemen standing by Pablo Escobar's dead body on roof.