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Chapter 6 -

Greece's Golden and Hellenistic Ages

(478 B.C.–146 B.C.)Mr. C. Dennison – Cardinal Hayes HS

Bronx, NY

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Golden Age

In the 400s B.C. Greece entered a new era of cultural progress. Thus, we call this period the _______________of Greek culture.

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acropolis

• A high hill called the ____________

was the center of the original city-state.

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Parthenon

At the top of the Acropolis stood the ___________, a white marble temple built in honor of Athena

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Discus Thrower

Myron sculpted the famous figure, The ______________.

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vases

The best preserved Greek paintings are found on ___________

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human

Much of Greek painting and sculpture portrayed gods and goddesses. However, the Greeks also placed great importance on ______________qualities and actions.

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philosophy

One of the Greeks' greatest achievements was the development of ______________, the study of basic questions of reality and human existence.

Image: The School of Athens, or Scuola di Atene in Italian, is one of the most famous paintings by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. It was painted between 1510 and 1511 as a part of Raphael's commission to decorate with frescoes the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.

Socratic

• Socrates' way of teaching through questioning has become known as the ________ Method.

Plato

Socrates never recorded his ideas. Later generations

learned of them from the writings of

_______, a wealthy young aristocrat and

the greatest of Socrates’ students.

Republic

• Plato was also interested in politics. The ___________ is a long dialogue describing Plato's view of the perfect society.

aristocracy

Plato's ideal government was an________________- a government ruled by an upper class.

Ethics

One of Plato's students in the Academy was a young man named Aristotle. In his book____, Aristotle tried to learn what brings people happiness.

Pythagoras

___________was a philosopher who believed that everything could be explained in terms of mathematics.

Hippocrates

• The Greeks excelled in medicine. ___________ who lived between about 460 B.C. and about 377 B.C., is considered to be the founder of medical science.

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disease

Hippocrates taught that ________comes from natural causes, not as punishment from the gods.

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Herodotus

•___________ was the first historian of the Western world.

Image: In the figure of the Persian king Xerxes, Herodotus achieved a magisterial portrait of an unstable despot, an archetype that has plagued the sleep of liberal democracies ever since.

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Peloponnesian War

Another Greek historian, Thucydides (thoo·SID·uh·deez), became famous for his History of the________________________.

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dramas

The Greeks were the first people to write___________-plays containing action or dialogue and involving conflict and emotion.

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tragedies

• In Greek __________, the main character struggled against fate, or events.

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Philip II

• Macedon was a rising kingdom in the Macedonian region to the north of Greece. In 359 B.C. a young man named ______of Macedon became king.

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phalanx (FAY·langks)

A________contained rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder.

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orators

One of Athens's finest___________, or public speakers, was Demosthenes. He led Athenian opposition to Philip.

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Alexander

Philip had given his son,__________, the best training and education possible.

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Hellenistic

Alexander the Great’s reign spread a new culture throughout much of the world. No longer purely Hellenic, or Greek, this new "Greek-like" way of life became known as the _________________ culture.

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Alexandria

____________, Egypt-the biggest Hellenistic city, became a leading commercial center.

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library

The _________at Alexandria, Egypt contained thousands of papyrus scrolls.

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stoic

Zeno established the ________philosophy in Athens in the late 300s B.C. He and his followers believed that divine reason directs the world. Thus people should accept their fate without complaint.

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Christian

Stoics believed that every person had some "spark" of the divine within. People could achieve happiness only by following this spark. The Stoics greatly influenced Roman and_______thinking.

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Diogenes (dy·AHJ·uh·neez).

The Cynics taught that people should live simply and naturally, without regard for pleasure, wealth, or social status. The best-known Cynic was _______________.

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geometry

Greeks of the Hellenistic Age became outstanding scientists and mathematicians. Euclid contributed extremely important work to the development of______________.

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Archimedes

• Probably the greatest scientist of the Hellenistic period was_________. He calculated the value of pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

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planets

Aristarchus correctly believed that the earth and other_______

moved around the sun, but he failed to convince others.

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Eratosthenes

Hellenistic geographers knew that Earth was round. At Alexandria, _______calculated the distance around the earth with amazing accuracy.

Fun FactsAbout Greece

Greece includes many islands

No part of Greece is more than 85 miles from the sea

Tossing an apple to a girl was a traditional way of proposing

stade

The first olympics were in 776 BCE and there was one event, a short 200 meter sprint called a __________.

Married women could be put to death for watching the games!

Pegasus

• In Greek mythology, Pegasus is the winged horse that was fathered by Poseidon with Medusa. When her head was cut of by the Greek hero Perseus, the horse sprang forth from her pregnant body. When the horse was drinking from the well Pirene on the Acrocotinth, Bellerophon's fortress, the Corinthian hero was able to capture the horse by using a golden bridle, a gift from Athena. The gods then gave him Pegasus for killing the monster Chimera but when he attempted to mount the horse it threw him off and rose to the heavens, where it became a constellation.

• Poseidon (Greek: Ποσειδῶν; Latin: Neptūnus) was the god of the sea, storms, and, as "Earth-Shaker," of earthquakes in Greek mythology.