1

Chapter Overview

CD-ROM and DVD Drives Advanced Hard Disk Drives SCSI Drives

2

Advantages of CD-ROM and DVD Drives

Large storage capacities Portability Data cannot be changed Sturdiness Special capabilities Low cost High speed

3

CD-ROM vs. Hard Disk Drives

There is no physical contact between the CD-ROM and the reading device.

Storage tracks allow more data storage. Hard disks are less expensive and

getting larger. Optical devices are used for archiving. Data is written to a CD-ROM by creating

pits and lands on the CD surface.

4

DVD: A Super CD-ROM Alternative

DVD-ROM: read only; holds up to 17 GB of data

DVD video: 4.7 GB; holds up to 135 minutes of video

DVD-R: recordable; holds up to 3.95 GB of data per side

DVD-RAM/RW: slow gaining acceptance because of incompatibilities

5

Connecting CD-ROM and DVD Drives

Adapter boards: Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) or Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

Sound cards with CD controller on board SCSI host adapter EIDE connector

6

Audio Capability and Access Time

CD-ROM ISO Yellow Book standard International Organization for

Standardization (ISO) 9660 standard Two important values:

Data transfer rate Mean access time

7

Installing CD-ROM and DVD Drives

8

Controller Cards

Select the controller card before buying the CD-ROM.

Use a secondary Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) controller on the motherboard.

Ensure a proper connection.

9

Installing an Internal Drive Mount an internal drive in a computer with

an open bay for a 5.25-inch disk drive. Have the necessary tools and parts on

hand. Connect two cables: one flat ribbon cable

for data and one power cable. Check the documentation to connect the

DVD drive correctly. For SCSI drives, set the correct SCSI ID

and properly terminate the chain.

10

Software Setup

11

Multimedia Multimedia presents graphics, data, sound,

and video in an integrated way. The Microsoft Multimedia PC Marketing

Council, now the Multimedia PC Working Group, generates standards for multimedia computers.

The current standard, MPC Level 3 (MPC3), sets several minimum requirements.

Video-capture software provides the interface for importing, exporting, and editing video formats.

12

Limitations of Early Hard Disk Drives

The ST-506 interface developed by Seagate Technologies is now obsolete.

The IDE/ATA standard is limited to 528 MB and supports hard disk drives only.

13

EIDE Improvements

Supports up to four hard disk drives–two on each controller

Provides faster data transfer rates Supports CD-ROM, tape, and Zip drives

14

The 528-MB Limit

15

EIDE–Four Major Upgrades

Logical block addressing (LBA) Programmed Input/Output (PIO) modes Industry standard command sets Use of IRQ15 and I/O address 170h

16

Overcoming the 528-MB Barrier

Before LBA: capacity = cylinders heads sectors per track

After LBA: cylinders = capacity / (heads sectors per track)

17

Other Methods of Overcoming the 528-MB Barrier

Enhanced CHS translation Fast ATA Logical CHS and physical CHS Direct memory access (DMA) transfer

18

Breaking the 8.4-GB Barrier

Upgrade the system basic input/output system (BIOS).

Install a hard disk drive with interrupt 13h support.

Use a software program from the drive maker.

19

Ultra DMA

Ultra DMA/33 can be used on Pentium motherboards.

Ultra DMA/66 doubles the speed of Ultra DMA/33.

20

Installing EIDE Drives

21

Other Drive Settings

Multiple block reads 32-bit disk access

22

SCSI-1, SCSI-2, and Fast SCSI-2

SCSI-1 supported up to seven devices on a chain.

SCSI-2 could address optical drives, tape drives, and scanners.

Fast SCSI-2 doubled the transfer rate from 5 MB per second to 10 MB per second.

23

SCSI-3

High performance Plug and Play installation Simple expansion Advanced management tools SCAM (SCSI configured auto-magically)

support Connect/disconnect command Tag command queuing

24

SCSI and Ultra DMA/IDE Comparison

25

Noise and SCSI

Any electrical signal other than data is noise.

Noise spread through power cables is common-mode noise.

Single-ended devices are vulnerable to common-mode noise.

Differential-ended devices reject common-mode noise.

26

Troubleshooting a Device Conflict Load only device drivers for the SCSI

device. Use the F8 key. Try the /? option with the device driver

executable. Look in the device documentation. Find the latest drivers. If no solution works, choose between the

devices or go to a multiple boot configuration.

27

Costs and Benefits of SCSI

SCSI costs more than IDE. The cost may be justified in certain

high-end environments.

28

Setting Up a SCSI Subsystem

1. Install the host adapter.2. Set the SCSI IDs, termination, and

cabling.3. Power up one device at a time and

check for problems.4. Load the operating system, drivers,

and SCSI software.

29

Setting SCSI IDs

The host adapter is typically set to 7. There is no mandated order. The host adapter manufacturer may

preset the ID. The logical unit number (LUN) is used to

support more than one device per ID.

30

Termination Termination prevents signal reflection. Newer SCSI devices use active termination;

older SCSI devices use passive termination. Termination is typically built in, but some

devices require manual termination. Both ends of the chain must be terminated,

and devices in between must not be terminated.

Most new SCSI devices set termination automatically.

31

Chapter Summary CD-ROMs provide durable, removable

storage for archiving. Newer CD-ROM technology provides

multimedia support. DVD is an extension of CD-ROM technology. DVD can be used to store multiple formats. EIDE and Ultra DMA/IDE drives solve earlier

drive problems. SCSI drives offer performance and

reliability benefits.