1 chapters 2 & 3 computer networking review – the tcp/ip protocol architecture
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapters 2 & 3Chapters 2 & 3
Computer Computer Networking Review Networking Review – The TCP/IP – The TCP/IP Protocol Protocol ArchitectureArchitecture
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Chapter 2Chapter 2
Protocols, Protocols, Internetworking & Internetworking & the Internetthe Internet
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet12
Key Features of a ProtocolKey Features of a Protocol
Set of Set of rules or conventionsrules or conventions to to exchange blocks of formatted dataexchange blocks of formatted data
SyntaxSyntax: data format: data format SemanticsSemantics: control information : control information
(coordination, error handling)(coordination, error handling) TimingTiming: order, speed matching, : order, speed matching,
sequencingsequencing ActionsActions: what happens when an : what happens when an
event occursevent occurs
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet13
Internet Protocol Stack Internet Protocol Stack Layers (a.k.a. TCP/IP stack)Layers (a.k.a. TCP/IP stack)
PhysicalPhysicalNetwork Network
AccessAccessInternetInternetTransport Transport ApplicationApplication Physical
Link
Network
Transport
Application
or…or…
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet14
OSI – TCP/IP Protocol StacksOSI – TCP/IP Protocol Stacks
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet15
TCP and UDPTCP and UDP
TCP: TCP: – connection-oriented, handshake connection-oriented, handshake
requiredrequired– reliable packet delivery in sequencereliable packet delivery in sequence
UDP:UDP:– connectionless (datagram), no connectionless (datagram), no
handshakehandshake– unreliable packet deliveryunreliable packet delivery– packets may arrive out of sequence or packets may arrive out of sequence or
duplicatedduplicated
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet16
TCP and UDP HeadersTCP and UDP Headers
TCP
UDP
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet17
IP Headers – IPv4IP Headers – IPv4
IP Version 4 HeaderIP Version 4 Header
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet19
Operation of TCP and IPOperation of TCP and IP IP implemented in end systems IP implemented in end systems
and routers, relaying data and routers, relaying data between hostsbetween hosts
TCP implemented for end-to-end TCP implemented for end-to-end data transfer data transfer only in end only in end systemssystems*, assuring reliable *, assuring reliable delivery of blocks of datadelivery of blocks of data
Each host on sub-network has a Each host on sub-network has a unique unique IP addressIP address
Each process on each host has a Each process on each host has a unique TCP unique TCP port numberport number
* Except when?
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet20
TCP/IP Protocol Data Units TCP/IP Protocol Data Units (PDUs)(PDUs)
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet22
TCP/IP ConceptsTCP/IP Concepts
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet23
TCP ApplicationsTCP Applications
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolProtocol
FTP: File Transfer ProtocolFTP: File Transfer Protocol telnet: remote logintelnet: remote loginHTTP: web browsingHTTP: web browsing
Inelastic or Elastic?Inelastic or Elastic?
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet24
TCP ApplicationsTCP Applications
FTPclient
FTPserver
TCP control connection
port 21
TCP data connectionport 20
mailserver
useragent
useragent
useragent
mailserver
useragent
useragent
mailserver
useragent
SMTPSMTP
SMTPSMTP
SMTPSMTPPC runningPC running
ExplorerExplorer
Server Server runningrunning
Apache WebApache WebServerServer
Mac runningMac runningNavigatorNavigator
http request
http re
quest
http response
http re
sponse
Web browsing
file transfer
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet26
RoutersRouters
Provide link between networksProvide link between networksAccommodate network Accommodate network
differences:differences:– Addressing schemesAddressing schemes– Maximum packet sizesMaximum packet sizes– Hardware and software interfacesHardware and software interfaces– Network reliabilityNetwork reliability
– Congestion/Traffic ManagementCongestion/Traffic Management
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet27
TCP/IP Internetworking TCP/IP Internetworking ExampleExample
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet28
Figure 2-8Figure 2-8
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet29
Figure 2-9Figure 2-9
Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet30
Figure 2-10Figure 2-10