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Citizen Potawatomi Nation Emissions Inventory: A Project from Start to Finish

Cody BraunEnvironmental Coordinator

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The Steps…The Steps…• Writing your QAPP

-organization -addressing certain elements

• Source identification

• Data collection

• Emissions calculations

• Documenting and reporting

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Tribal Area and Tribal Area and Program Program

BackgroundBackground

• 576,000 acres, approx. 900 sq. miles

• 27,000 members nationwide 11,000 members within TSJA

• 5% urban, 7% forest, 9% cropland, 30%

pastureland, 44% rangeland

• Primary land use activity is agriculture:

crops & livestock

• Principal industry is oil & natural gas exploration and production

• CPN Environmental Department: GAP grant, recycling program, CWA Section

106, CAA Section 103

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EI Development/TimelineEI Development/Timeline1. Attend Tribal Emissions Inventory

Software Solutions (TEISS) Training2. Develop QAPP detailing scope and how

EI will be conducted3. Collect point source data and activity

data for area and mobile sources4. Calculate emissions estimates (TEISS

software + other methods)5. Document and Report data with EI Final

Report & submission to EPA’s Emission Inventory System (EIS)

October 2010

January 2011

June 2011

August 2011

October 2011

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QAPP OrganizationQAPP Organization• Format

- EPA QA/R-5: Guidance for Quality Assurance Project Plans- Other Tribal examples (ITEP: resources webpage)

• ElementsA.Project Management 1-4. Title & Approval Sheet, Table of Contents, Distribution List, Project/Task Organization

5. Problem Definition / Background 6. Project/Task Description (Scope: time frame, geographic area, sources,

pollutants) 7. Quality Objectives and Criteria (Level of Complexity) 8. Special Training/Certifications 9. Documentation and Records

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QAPP Organization (cont.)

B. Data generation and acquisition 1. Data collection

2. Emissions calculations 3. Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) activities

C. Assessment and oversight

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EI Level/ComplexityEI Level/Complexity• Dictated by end use of data and data

collection methods– For CPN: General assessment – identify and quantitatively represent sources of air

pollution that may influence air quality within the Tribe’s land base

• Started with Level 4 – gathered existing NEI/state data– Point sources – Found that area source data for counties (OK) were default values, therefore…

• Level 3– Collecting and generating original/site-specific data– Used to guide future planning & research efforts

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Data Quality Objectives and Criteria

Data Quality Objectives and Criteria

• Accuracy: thorough documentation, using standardized EPA emission factor methods (AP-42) in TEISS, applying QA/QC checks throughout

• Completeness: 100% of point sources, prioritized list of area sources & concerted effort to include as many as possible (activity data limiting), on-road for all highways

• Representativeness: calculated emissions will be compared to data from comparable regions/counties

• Comparability: results presented in same units as EPA’s CHIEF database

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QA/QC MeasuresQA/QC Measures• Quality Control – implemented to meet DQOs;

technical- Sound documentation- Data & calculations checking- TEISS & QA/QC checklist

• Quality Assurance – more objective assessment of data quality; effectiveness and appropriateness of methods - Peer review: ITEP

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Defining the EI ScopeDefining the EI Scope• Time frame: 2008 (Jan. 1 – Dec. 31)

• Pollutants: Criteria pollutants from all sources + HAPS from point sources

• Geographic Area/Sources o Point sources (CERR) within extended geographical

area• 100+ tpy of any criteria, 10+ tpy single HAP, or 25+ tpy

combined HAP; or PTE in these amounts• Point sources outside jurisdiction to be summarized in

separate section of final reporto Area & on-road mobile within jurisdiction

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Something to consider…Something to consider…Something to consider…Something to consider…

Wind Rose Sources

• Lakes Environmental: WRPLOT- View

• US EPA: WRPLOT

• State Weather/Climate Offices

Meteorological conditions

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Point Source Geographic Point Source Geographic AreaArea

Point Source Geographic Point Source Geographic AreaArea

Import into TEISS

Shape file…

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Which area sources you say?

Which area sources you say?

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Which Sources…(cont.)

• Accessing and viewing NEI directly• Microsoft Access files• Query to narrow your search (state, county,

pollutant)• Upside: more complete - all sources included

(fires, oil & gas operations, mobile)• Downside: much more time consuming

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NEI Access FileNEI Access File

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Area Sources of Concern Area Sources of Concern

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Area Sources (cont.)Area Sources (cont.)• Residential woodstoves• Residential natural gas

combustion

• Unpaved roads• Agriculture

o Tilling/harvestingo Livestock

• Diesel idling

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Activity Data/Info. CollectedActivity Data/Info. Collected

• Use TEISS calculator to determine what you needo Fuel throughputo Cords of wood burned & weight per cordo Acres of land tilled/harvestedo Miles of paved/unpaved roads & traffic counts (VMT)o # of homes using natural gas, wood stoveso Natural gas consumptiono Acres of land burnedo Livestock populations

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Data SourcesData Sources• Point sources

– National Emissions Inventory (NEI)– State Dept. of Environmental Quality

• Area sources– State Fire Marshall (NFIRS)– Energy Information Administration– U.S. Census Data– National Agricultural Statistics Service– Local knowledge– Site visits/phone calls

• Mobile sources– State Department of Transportation (traffic counts)– Google Maps® (mileage)

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About those mobile sources…

About those mobile sources…

• Options for calculating– EPAs MOVES model– Interpolating from known emissions and VMT data– Do it yourself!

• Data/figures you will need– Traffic counts (AADT)– Mileage– Emission Factors

• Emission factors: AP-42 Volume II, Appendix I– Emission factors available for CO, NOX, VOCs

– Select the appropriate EFs based upon:• Altitude (high/low)• Velocity• Ambient temperature

Multiply to get VMTs

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Wildfires/Events• Did not have specific wildfire/event data, only total acres

burned• AP-42 Chapter 13.1.2 for emission factors and emission

calculation– General figure for the Southern US (fuel loading

consumed)• Straightforward calculation– Land area burned X fuel loading consumed X yield of

each pollutant• Entering information/data into TEISS

– General wildfire SCC code– Specified that wildfire ‘event’ was actually a compilation of ALL fires w/ in CPN

jurisdiction for 2008– Geographic coordinates: used CPN jurisdiction centroid

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Example Calculation for Activity Data

Example Calculation for Activity Data

• Residential Natural Gas Combustion

o Energy Information Administration• Statewide Residential consumption = 66,225 MM ft.3

• Statewide: 923,650 homes

o Census Bureau• 15,297 homes in CPN TSA w/ natural gas

66,225 mcf X mcf 923,650 homes 15,297 homes

This is your activity data ready to input into TEISS

=

X = 1,097 mcf

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Another example calculation…

Another example calculation…

8.1 miles

AADT = 6,000 vehicles

VMT = 8.1 miles X 6,000 vehicles/day X 365 days

= 17,739,000 vehicle miles/year

This is ready to be multiplied by your EF (g/mile) to get total annual emissions

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Final ReportFinal Report

• Thorough explanation of what you set out to do (and why), how you did it, and what the results are

• Gives enough information that results could be duplicated

• Includes brief, comprehensive summary upfront that hits highlights/main concerns

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Example: Final Report Table of

Contents

Example: Final Report Table of

Contents• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY• INTRODUCTION

o Backgroundo Climateo Summary of existing AQ Data and Conditionso EI Program Objectives• SOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND DATA COLLECTIONo Pointo Non-pointo On-road mobileo Sources not covered• EMISSION INVENTORY RESULTSo Point source facilities & emissions

• Inside Tribal Jurisdiction• Outside Tribal Jurisdiction• Summary of Point Source Emissions

o Non-point calculations & emissions• Each respective area source• Summary of Non-Point Emissions

o On-road mobile calculations & emissionso Criteria Pollutant Summary• QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL• SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

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Presenting Your ResultsPresenting Your Results• Tables, charts, and graphs are easy to interpret, and

fun to make!• Every chart/graph should answer a question or

questions, for exampleo Where are the respective point sources located?o How do the total criteria pollutant emissions from point, area and mobile

sources compare?o What point source emits the most NOX?o Which area source contributes the most VOCs?

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Example Charts

and Graphs

Example Charts

and GraphsNitrogen Oxide (NOX) Contributions

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Example GraphExample Graph

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Example GraphExample Graph

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Submitting Data to EISSubmitting Data to EIS

• Missed window for submission of area sources, but able to submit ‘event’ data (wildfires)

• Straightforward export; followed steps from TEISS Case Project– QA check/data validation in TEISS revealed ALL Data

Completed • Submission to EIS Gateway

– Feedback report(s) with critical errors

– Sally Dombrowski (EPA EI and Analysis Group) VERY helpful

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Recap of CPN EIRecap of CPN EI

• Attended ITEPs EI/TEISS training course• Developed QAPP using EPA Guidance (format) and

other tribal examples • Used NEI and TEISS to identify area sources of

concern and determine activity data needed

• Data collection and subsequent calculations and emission estimates

• Data used as general air quality assessment

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Questions?Questions?

EI…EI…

Oh!!