1 cmos image sensor seied manoochehr hoseini university of tehran-iran supervisor : dr. fakhraei in...
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CMOS IMAGE SENSOR
SEIED MANOOCHEHR HOSEINI
University of TEHRAN-IRAN
Supervisor : Dr. FAKHRAEI
In the Name of GOD advanced VLSI class presentation
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Applications
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The imaging system
[1]
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FILL Factor
Optically Sensitive Area~30% of Total Pixel Area
[3]
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Increase of FILL Factor
[2]
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Microlens and Colour Filter
[3]
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Colour Filter Response
[3]
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2.0
3.0
4.05.0
1.0
10.0
’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08
Pix
el p
itch
, u
m
5.6um (0.3M pixel)
3.8um (1.3M pixel)
2.8um (2M pixel)
< 1.8um
2.2um (7.2M pixel)
< 1.5um
Year
This Work
CMOS Image Sensor Trend
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A typical 3T pixel
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4T Architecture
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4T Shared Pixel Architecture
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Pixel-level charge summation for sub-sampling.
[2]
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VDD
RGTG1
SELTG2
TG3
TG4
R11
G21
R31
G41
APS_OUT1
Sum of signal =
Sum of noise = N2
N2
NNSNR log1032log20
By pixel summation SNR increase by 3dB
[2]
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R Gr R Gr
Gb B Gb B
Gb B Gb B
R Gr R Gr
Ra
mp
Ge
n. Savg
Savg
Average signal =
Average noise =
NNSNR log1032log20
2
N
N
By clumn wise averanging SNR increase by 3dB
[2]
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Old and new GNOX process; improvement of random noise by reducing the trap effect on SF transistor.
[2[,]4]
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Increase light gathering power by 20% pixel height shrink
[2]
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SNR Increase With New Sub-Sampling
[2]
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Implementation of average filter by MATLAB software
Original image
Use average filtering
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Implementation of average filter by MATLAB software
Original image
Use average filtering
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4-shared pixel architecture High fill factor (57%)
with SNR max of 41dB under the full-resolution operation. Pixel level charge summation Increase 6dB in SNR Noise reduction technology SF trap treatment to reduce 1/f noise
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REFRENSES
[1 ]A. El Gamal and H. Eltoukhy, “CMOS Image Sensor,” IEEE Circuit and Devices Magazine, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 6-20, May-June, 2005.
[2 ]Young Chan Kim, Yi Tae Kim, Sung Ho Choi, Hae Kyung Kong, Sung In Hwang, Ju Hyun Ko, Bum Suk Kim, Tetsuo Asaba, Su Hun Lim, June Soo Hahn, Joon Hyuk Im, Tae Seok Oh, Duk Min Yi, Jong Moon Lee, Woon Phil Yang, Jung Chak Ahn, Eun Seung Jung, Yong Hee Lee .
Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, Korea“1/2-inch 7.2MPixel CMOS Image Sensor with 2.25µm Pixels Using 4-Shared Pixel Structure for
Pixel-Level Summation .” ISSCC 2005.[3 ]CMOS Image Sensors : Lenses and Filters on Silicon // Lindsay Grant, ST Microelectronics
Robert Henderson, University of Edinburgh [4 ]J.Y. Kim, et al., “Characterization and Improvement of Random Noise in 1/3.2” UXGA CMOS
Image Sensor with 2.8µm Pixel using 0.13µm Technology,” IEEE Charge-Coupled Devices and Advanced Image Sensors, pp. 149-152, 2005.