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Soil Profile

A vertical section of earth crust up to the depth of 1.83 meter

To study different layers or horizons of soil

i. Organic or O-horizon

ii. mineral (A,B,C) horizons

iii. R-horizon

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2. A-horizon

i. Accumulation of organic matter, clay, iron and aluminium

ii. Development of organo-mineral complexes, granules, etc..

iii. Divided into following two sub-layers :A1 region

Dark in colour & rich in organic matter

Presence of humus (brown or black-coloured)A2 region

Light-coloured region

Presence of mineral particles of large size as sand (silica)Little amount of organic matter

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so ca e e uv a zone or zone o eac ng

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. - or zon.

It lies below A-horizon

so ca e su -so or uv a on or uv a zone

Dark-coloured and coarse textured due to the presence of silica

, , , , .

4. C-horizon.

-

Light coloured horizon containing weathered parent material

. - .

The parent, unweathered bedrock.

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IT - B Biosphere

The biological component of earth

Include the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphereGiant Isopod

,

dead organic matter produced by them.

’

10,000 meters below sea level.

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Biosphere - Levels

Atom Organ SystemOR

Molecule

Macromolecule

Organism

Po ulationEV

GA

Organelle CommunityEL

I

ZCell Ecosystem

O

AT

Organ BiosphereF O

N

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Macromolecules

Protein

27DNA

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Organelle

Mitochondria Chloroplast

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The Cell

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Tissue

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Organ

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Organ System

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Digestive system Respiratory system

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Organism

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opul

at

o

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Community

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Ecosystem

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Biome

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B

o

p

e

e

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