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Computing for Everyone

CS 4 HS2009

Richard Ladner University of Washington

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Computer Scientists

TV RamanChristian Vogler

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Computer Scientists

Chieko AsakawaIBM Japan

Hideji NagaokaTsukuba U. of Tech

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Engineer

Iraq War VeteranJonathan Kuniholm

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Geerat Vermeij

Geerat Vermeij, Ph.D.Evolutionary Biologist

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Steven Hawking

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Sangyun Hahn Ph.D. StudentCSE

Zach LattinMath Major

UWStudents

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The Message

• People with disabilities can do almost anything in almost any scientific field.

• People with disabilities are often highly motivated to pursue careers in accessibility research.

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What We’ll Do Today

• Models of Disability

• Data

• Accessibility Research

• Empowerment

• AccessComputing

• Discussion

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Models of Disability

• Medical Model– Disabled people are patients who need treatment and/or cure.

• Education Model– Disabled youth need special education.

• Rehabilitation Model– Disabled people need assistive technology for employment and

everyday life.

• Legal Model– Disabled people are citizens who have rights and responsibilities

like other citizens. Accessibility to public buildings and spaces, voting, television, and telephone are some of those rights.

• Social Model– Disabled people are part of the diversity of life, not necessarily in

need of treatment and cure. They do need access when possible.

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Technology

• Prosthesis– Augmentation to restore lost function. Call it a “cure.”

• Assistive technology– Popular in rehabilitation literature. Emphasis on the

need for assistance.• Access technology

– Allows an activity that would be difficult to impossible to achieve without it. Emphasis not on restoring function, but on achieving an end goal by whatever means possible.

– Examples: Screen readers, video phones, wheel chairs

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What We’ll Do Today

• Models of Disability

• Data

• Accessibility Research

• Empowerment

• AccessComputing

• Discussion

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Basic Data

• 16% of US population to ages 15 to 64 is disabled.

• 10% of the workforce is disabled

• 5% of the STEM workforce is disabled

• 1% of PhDs in STEM are disabled

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Demographics General Population

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

With a disability Difficulty seeing Difficulty hearing Difficulty withspeech

Difficultywalking/using

stairs

Learningdisability

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

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Number

Percent

Number (in thousands) Percent

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2002

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Demographics Ages 14-21

0

20

40

60

80

100

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Percent

Specific learningdisabilities

Visual impairments

Hearing impairments

Orthopedic impairments

Multiple

Other

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, www.ideadata.org

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What We’ll Do Today

• Models of Disability

• Data

• Accessibility Research

• Empowerment

• AccessComputing

• Discussion

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CHI “Disability” Search

• Year Number

• 1982 – 85 0

• 1986 – 9010 (4%)

• 1990 – 9515 (5%)

• 1996 – 00 20 (6%)

• 2001 – 05 90 (23%)

• 2006 – 08 71 (17%) (3 years)

CHI is the leading Human/Computer Interaction Conferencein the world.

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Other Conferences

• ASSETS – ACM

• ICCHP– Europe

• CSUN– Cal State Northridge

• ATIA– Industry Conference

• W4A– Collocated with WWW

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UW Faculty Involvement

• Richard Ladner (CSE)• Dan Weld (CSE)• James Landay (CSE)• Gaetano Borriello (CSE)• Yoky Matsuoka (CSE)• Jake Wobbrock (Information School)• Eve Riskin (EE) • Mari Ostendorf (EE)• Jeff Bilmes (EE)• Julie Kientz (ISchool and TC)• Shwetak Patel (CSE,EE)

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UW Research Students with Disabilities

• Shawn Kane*• Sangyun Hahn*• Zack Lattin*• Lindsay Yazzolino*• Stewart Olsen*• Matt Starn• Jason Schwebke• Annemarie Poginy*• Tim Shockley*• Jessie Shulman *• Andy Martin*• Barbara Wagreich* • Kathryn Sullivan• Pam Siebert *Co-authors

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VoiceDraw

Susumu Harada, Jeff Bilmes, James Landay

2007-8 National Scholar Award for Workplace Innovation & Design, 2nd place

MS Paint9 hours

VoiceDraw3 hours

Video

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WebAnywhere

Jeff Bigham

- Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Technology Collaboration (2008)- Microsoft Imagine Cup Accessible Technology Award (2008) - W4A Accessibility Challenge Delegate’s Award (2008)

Video

Web site

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Supple

Krzysztof Z Gajos, Jacob O. Wobbrock and Daniel S. Weld.

CHI 2008 Best Paper Award

Video

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ANATOMICALLY CORRECT TESTBED ROBOTIC HAND

Yoky MatsuokaMacArthur Award Winner

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ClassInFocus

Anna Cavender, Kathryn Sullivan, Richard Ladner

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MobileASL

Video

Eve RiskinRichard LadnerSheila HemamiJake WobbrockAnna CavenderNeva CherniavskyRahul VanhamJaehong ChonMany undergrads

Best Student PaperASSETS 2006

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What We’ll Do Today

• Models of Disability

• Data

• Accessibility Research

• Empowerment

• AccessComputing

• Discussion

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Design Concepts in HCI

• User Centered Design– Involve the user at every step

• Universal Design– Design for all users, if possible

• Design for User Empowerment– Design to enable people to solve their own

accessibility problems, if possible

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Accessibility vs. Usability

• Accessibility– Tool that make it possible to do a task

• Usability– Tool that make is possible to do a task– Relatively easy to learn– Relative fast to use

• Example – Audio Captchas

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Accessibility vs. Empowerment

• Accessibility– Tool that make it possible to do a task

• Empowerment– Tool that makes it possible to do a task– Tool created by or configured by the person

with the disability

• Examples– Variable speed speech in screen readers– Variable size large print in text enlargers

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The Future of Empowerment

• Cell phones become an accessibility tools– Users download accessibility applications

• Social Accessibility– Mobile users get advice remotely on-demand

when needed

• Persons with disabilities, with a superior education, control their own accessibility needs

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Nicole Torcolini Story

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What We’ll Do Today

• Models of Disability

• Data

• Accessibility Research

• Empowerment

• AccessComputing

• Discussion

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Goals

An alliance to increase the participation and success of individuals with disabilities in computing careers

Richard Ladner, PISheryl Burgstahler, Co-PI & DirectorLisa Stewart, Manager Rob Roth, DHH SpecialistTerry Thompson, Technical Specialist

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AccessComputing Alliance Partners• Gallaudet University

• RIT/NTID

• Microsoft

• Regional Alliances for Persons with Disabilities in STEM

• Broadening Participation Alliances

• ACM SIGACCESS

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Objective 1

• to increase the number of students with disabilities successfully pursuing undergraduate & graduate degrees & careers in computing fields

• Activities: College transition & bridge programs; tutoring; high school, college, graduate internships; e-mentoring

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Objective 2

• to increase the capacity of postsecondary computing departments to fully include students with disabilities in computing courses & programs

• Activities: Communities of Practice (CoPs) & Capacity-Building Institutes of stakeholders/gatekeepers & Computing Department Accessibility Checklist

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Objective 3

• to create a nationwide resource to help students with disabilities pursue computer fields and computing educators and employers, professional organizations, & other stakeholders develop more inclusive programs & share effective practices

• Activities: AccessComputing Knowledge Base (KB) of FAQs, case studies, promising practices; multimedia training; articles in scholarly journals & other periodicals

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www.washington.edu/accesscomputing

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Advancing Deaf & Hard of Hearing in Computing

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Web Page

http://www.washington.edu/accesscomputing/dhh/

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Goals

• Raise the bar for deaf and hard of hearing in computing fields

• Establish UW Summer Academy

• Establish e-Mentoring Community

• Develop Community of Practice (CoP)

• Encourage collaborations

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Summer Academy

• 9-week program for 9 students who are deaf or hard of hearing, beginning with the 2007 summer term.

• Programming course for credit• Animation team projects• Role models• Career Building (networking, resumes, study habits)• Industry visits (e.g. Microsoft, Adobe, Google, Intel)

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Summer Academy Video

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