1 concepts of nursing nur 123 concepts of health & illness first lecture
TRANSCRIPT
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Definitions of Health States
Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease (WHO).
Illness: it is an abnormal process in which the person’s level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level.
Wellness: an active state, oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual.
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Causes of disease
Inherited genetic defects Exposure to such factors as viruses Biologic agents or toxins Physical agents such as chemicals Generalized tissue responses to injury or
irritation Physiological and emotional reaction to stress Excessive or insufficient production of body
secretion (hormones, enzymes)
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The Human Dimensions of Health
Physical dimension — genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender.
Emotional dimension — how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions.
Intellectual dimension — cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences.
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The Human Dimensions of Health
Environmental dimension — housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food, and water.
Sociocultural dimension — economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture.
Spiritual dimension — spiritual beliefs and values.
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Models of Health and Illness
The agent-host-environment model
The agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create risk factors.
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Models of Health and Illness
The health-illness continuum:Views health as a constantly changing state with high-
level wellness and death on opposite sides of a continuum
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Types of Illness
Acute illness– Generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and
lasts only a relatively short time– Examples: appendicitis, diarrhea, common cold
Chronic illness – A broad term that encompasses many different
physical and mental alterations– Examples: diabetes mellitus, lung disease, M.I
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Stages of Illness Behavior Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms.
Stage 2: Assuming the sick role.
Stage 3: Medical Care Contact.
Stage 4: Assuming a dependent role.
Stage 5: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
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Five Stages of Accepting an Illness
Not everyone goes through these stages in the same order.
If you believe that you are stuck in one of the first four stages permanently, you may want to consult with a therapist .
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Five Stages of Accepting an Illness
Anger
Anger is normal and can take a long time to work through.
Sometimes a small part of anger stays with you throughout the entire illness.
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Five Stages of Accepting an Illness
Fear
This is the most important stage to work through.
Grief
Grief can cause feelings of inadequacy and lead to withdrawal and isolation.
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Levels of Disease Prevention
Level of disease Prevention
Description Example
Primary preventionPrevent the
occurrence of disease
Health Teaching
diet, exercise, immunizations
Secondary preventionEarly detection and
interventionScreening procedure
Tertiary preventionPrevent further deterioration
(rehabilitation)
Medications, surgical treatment,
rehabilitation