1 country% us brazil jordan morocco australia china estonia israel 72 5,4 4,2 3,5 2,1 1,5 1,1 0,3...
TRANSCRIPT
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Country %
US
Brazil
Jordan
Morocco
Australia
China
Estonia
Israel
72
5,4
4,2
3,5
2,1
1,5
1,1
0,3Source: U.S. Department of Energy , (2005)
Estimated total world resources of oil shale are more than 400 billion tons
(Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
Oil Shale Resources
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Domestic fuel, resources for about 100 years
Low heat value
High ash content
High CaO content in ash
Comparison of fuels (as received):
Coal Heavy Oil Oil Shale
Moisture,%
Ash, %
Sulfur, %
Heat value, MJ/kg
5-13
5-25
0,5 - 3
< 3
0,3
< 3
10 - 12
43 - 47
1,5 – 1,8
20 - 28 38 8 - 10
Oil Shale in Estonia - Characteristics
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Oil Shale Miningin Estonia and in the World
Production of oil shale from several countries
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IDA-VIRUMAA COUNTY MAP
Eesti Power Plant
Balti Power Plant
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Oil Shale Mineable Seam
• The mineable oil shale seam is of Middle Ordovician age and consists of seven sub-seams (denominated A through F1) that are divided by limestone partings of various thicknesses.
• Within the active mining areas, the thickness of this oil shale seam, without partings, ranges between 1.7 m and 2.3 m
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Estonian Long-Term Experience Utilising Oil Shale
Estonia has a long-term comprehensive experience on large scale oil shale utilisation:
electrical energy generation
middle pressure pulverised combustion - starting end of 40-s
high pressure pulverised combustion - starting end of 50-s
Balti Power Plant – initially 1624 MWe - comm-d 1959 – 1966
Eesti Power Plant – 1615 MWe - comm-d 1969 – 1973
circulated fluidised bed combustion
2 Blocks 215 MWe each - commissioned 2005
oil shale oil processing
Oil Shale Processing Plant utilising the
Galloter Process – 2 x 140 t/h Oil Shale - Commissioned 1980
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Narva Power PlantsEesti Power Plant
1615 MWBalti Power Plant
765 MWOil Factory
Eesti PP74%
AS Narva Elektrijaamad part in Estonian electricity production in 2005
94%
Iru PP
Kohtla-Järve PP
Ahtme PP
Industry’s PP
Renewable
Balti PP
20%
Eesti PP
74%
Other6%
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The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale Fired
Power Plants
•01.01.2008.a. – SO2 bounding on existing boilers >65%,
– fly ash emissions < 200 mg/Nm3
•16.07.2009.a. – to reconstruct ash handling systems, and bring ash landfills in compliance with landfill directive
• 01.01.2012.a. – SO2 emissions total <25 000 ton/year
• 01.01.2016.a. – LCP directive requirements will apply to
all boilers
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The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale
Fired Power Plants
CFB technology is the best for reducing SO2 emissions
Ca/S molar ratio in Estonian Oil Shale – ca 10
PC Boilers CFB Boilers SO2 bounded 80 % almost 100 %
SO2 emissions 2000 mg/Nm3 0 – 20 mg/Nm3 NOx emissions, mg/Nm3 300 mg/Nm3 90 – 170 mg/Nm3
Fly Ash Emissions < 200 mg/Nm3 < 30 mg/Nm3
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FWE CFB-Combustion System for Oil Shale
Net Heat to Steam With oil shale 247 MWthWith shale oil 112,5 MWth
Main Steam 90 kg/s l 535’C l 12.7 MPaHot Reheat 77 kg/s l 535’C l 2.4 MPaSteam Drum 13.3 MPa
NET EFFICIENCY ~37%
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Narva Power Plant Oil Plant Retorting Process