1 decentralized wastewater management solution for dense peri-urban areas in vietnam nguyen,...
TRANSCRIPT
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DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTION
FOR DENSE PERI-URBAN AREAS IN VIETNAM
NGUYEN, Viet-Anh, Assoc. Prof. PhD.Centre for Environmental Engineering (CEETIA),
Hanoi University of Civil Engineering
2007 East Asia Ministerial Sanitation ConferenceBeppu city, Japan, 30 Nov. – 1 Dec. 2007
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Content
1. Introduction
2. Measure taken
3. Results
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
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1. Introduction
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Red river delta peri-urban areas: challenges
In-between urban and rural context:– High pressures from urbanization– Low income, limited awareness, less infrastructure
investments from higher level governments– Uncovered by urban sanitation services
High groundwater table Nutrients reuse High density Mixed production (livestock breeding, food processing,
other handicrafts) and living spaces Different water sources (rain, well, public shallow well ...) Flat topography, frequent flood, difficult to separate
surface drain and wastewater Toilets can not solve sanitation problem
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Lai Xa hamlet, Ha Tay province
Hanoi: 0.5 kmLai Xa hamlet
900 households
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2. Measures taken Assurance: willingness to change! Involvement of Community leaders, Group of Activists (40) –
from Clusters, Mass Organizations, ... Coordination role! Start with IEC Master Plan for Water Supply and Sanitation for a Community Community choice:
– Step-by-step approach in infrastructure development
Solid Waste Management
DrainageWastewater Treatment
Clean Water Supply
Constant Awareness Raising efforts
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Technical solutions Source separation of solid waste Composting station and sanitary landfill Decentralized scheme of wastewater mgmt CSOs VIP and DVCL for unsewered households Start from household: Screen and Grid removal.
Guidance! Regular check! Community BASTAFs + CWs. Step-wise approach. Safe reuse of wastewater(?)
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To start from household!
Indoor sanitation
Cluster sanitation
Wastewater treatment station
Discharge/Reuse
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40
60
80
100
COD BOD5 TSS
Parameter
Rem
ova
l E
ffic
ien
cy (
%)
ST STAF BAST BASTAF
ST < STAF ~ BAST < BASTAF
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BASTAF for 80 households
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Non-technical solutions
Training of trainers (40 activists) Community agreement, signed by households Institutional framework 50/50 share in investment costs Support for the poor Community supervision Setting up of local Sanitation Team Operational costs: household + local government
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Involved Stakeholders
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3. Results Visible physical improvements Health improvement Social environment in the village
Improvements (in %) last 5 years
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Diarrhoea
Intestinal Worms
Light stomach problems
Schistosomiasis
Tracoma
Skin Infection
Malnutrition
Acute respiratory
Dis
ease
Frequency reduction
Table 1. Hygiene behaviour change in Lai Xa
Practice in the last 5 years…
Worsen Stable
Some improvements
Improved a lot
Hand-washing with soap
X
Face washing with individual towels
X
Clean water used for drinking and cooking
X
Wastewater disposal X
Solid waste disposal X
Protection clothes from wastewater
X
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Before
After
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Before After
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Some other solutions to share
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Further readings
Duncan Mara, Jan-Olof Drangert, Nguyen Viet Anh, Andrzej Tonderski, Holger Gulyas, and Karin Tonderski. Selection of sustainable sanitation arrangements. IWA Journal: Water Policy, 9 (2007), 305–318 pp.
Julie Beauséjour, Nguyen Xuan Dzung and Nguyen Viet Anh. Public participation and improved households practices in a small sanitation project in Lai Xa, Vietnam. Proceedings: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2006.
J. Beauséjour and A. V. Nguyen. Decentralized Sanitation Implementation in Vietnam: A Peri-Urban Case Study. IWA Journal: Water Science & Technology, Vol. 56 (2007), No. 5, pp 141 – 148.
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4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Community-based sanitation Coordination role of local government Decentralized approach, step-by-step Low-cost technical solutions, innovations Institutional and financial mechanism to
sustain the system IEC should go first and stay along with
technical solutions to ensure political will, behavior change and system sustainability
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Thank you very much for your attention