1. decigo · 2020. 2. 3. · decigo the 58th fujihara seminar (may 29, 2009, shonan village center,...
TRANSCRIPT
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
DECIGO
Seiji Kawamura, Takashi Nakamura, Kimio Tsubono, Takahiro Tanaka, Ikkoh Funaki, Naoki Seto, Kenji Numata, Shuichi Sato, Nobuyuki Kanda, Takeshi Takashima, Kunihito Ioka, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Tomotada Akutsu, Tomomi Akutsu, Koh-suke Aoyanagi, Koji Arai, Yuta Arase, Akito Araya, Hideki Asada, Yoichi Aso, Takeshi Chiba, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Motohiro Enoki, Yoshiharu Eriguchi, Masa-Katsu Fujimoto, Ryuichi Fujita, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, Toshifumi Futamase, Katsuhiko Ganzu, Tomohiro Harada, Tatsuaki Hashimoto, Kazuhiro Hayama, Wataru Hikida, Yoshiaki Himemoto, Hisashi Hirabayashi, Takashi Hiramatsu, Feng-Lei Hong, Hideyuki Horisawa, Mizuhiko Hosokawa, Kiyotomo Ichiki, Takeshi Ikegami, Kaiki T. Inoue, Koji Ishidoshiro, Hideki Ishihara, Takehiko Ishikawa, Hideharu Ishizaki, Hiroyuki Ito, Yousuke Itoh, Shogo Kamagasako, Nobuki Kawashima, Fumiko Kawazoe, Hiroyuki Kirihara, Naoko Kishimoto, Kenta Kiuchi, Shiho Kobayashi, Kazunori Kohri, Hiroyuki Koizumi, Yasufumi Kojima, Keiko Kokeyama, Wataru Kokuyama, Kei Kotake, Yoshihide Kozai, Hideaki Kudoh, Hiroo Kunimori, Hitoshi Kuninaka, Kazuaki Kuroda, Kei-ichi Maeda, Hideo Matsuhara, Yasushi Mino, Osamu Miyakawa, Shinji Miyoki, Mutsuko Y. Morimoto, Tomoko Morioka , Toshiyuki Morisawa, Shigenori Moriwaki, Shinji Mukohyama, Mitsuru Musha, Shigeo Nagano, Isao Naito, Noriyasu Nakagawa, Kouji Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nakano, Kenichi Nakao, Shinichi Nakasuka, Yoshinori Nakayama, Erina Nishida, Kazutaka Nishiyama, Atsushi Nishizawa, Yoshito Niwa, Masatake Ohashi, Naoko Ohishi, Masashi Ohkawa, Akira Okutomi, Kouji Onozato, Kenichi Oohara, Norichika Sago, Motoyuki Saijo, Masaaki Sakagami, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Shihori Sakata, Misao Sasaki, Takashi Sato, Masaru Shibata, Hisaaki Shinkai, Kentaro Somiya, Hajime Sotani, Naoshi Sugiyama, Yudai Suwa, Hideyuki Tagoshi, Kakeru Takahashi, Keitaro Takahashi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Hirotaka Takahashi, Ryuichi Takahashi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Takamori Akiteru, Tadashi Takano, Keisuke Taniguchi, Atsushi Taruya, Hiroyuki Tashiro, Mitsuru Tokuda, Masao Tokunari, Morio Toyoshima, Shinji Tsujikawa, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Ken-ichi Ueda, Masayoshi Utashima, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Toshitaka Yamazaki, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, Chul-Moon Yoo, Shijun Yoshida, Taizoh Yoshino
Masaki Ando(Department of Physics, Kyoto University)
Original Picture : Sora
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
1. DECIGOOverview and SciencePre-conceptual Design
2. DECIGO PathfinderOverview and ScienceDesign and Status
3. Summary
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
1. DECIGOOverview and SciencePre-conceptual Design
2. DECIGO PathfinderOverview and ScienceDesign and Status
3. Summary
DECIGO
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
DECIGO
Space GW antenna ~2024Obs. band around 0.1 Hz
10–4 10–2 100 102 104
10–26
10–24
10–22
10–20
10–18
10–16
Frequency [Hz]
Stra
in
[1/H
z1/2 ] Terrestrial Detectors
(Ad. LIGO, LCGT, etc)
DECIGO
LISA
(Deci-hertz interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory)
‘Bridge’ the obs.gap between LISA and Terrestrial detectors
Pre-Conceptual Design
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Interferometer Unit: Differential FP interferometer
LaserPhoto-detector
Arm cavity
Drag-free S/C
Mirror
Arm length: 1000 kmMirror diameter: 1 mLaser wavelength:532 nmFinesse: 10Laser power: 10 WMirror mass: 100 kg
S/C: drag free3 interferometers
Targets and Science
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
DECIGO (1 unit)
DECIGO (Correlation)
NS inspiral (z~1)
Merger
Merger
Frequency [Hz]
GW
am
plit
ude
[H
z-1
/2]
10-4 10-2 100 102 104
10-24
10-22
10-20
10-18
10-16
10-26
3month
IMBH binary inspiralNS binary inspiralStochastic background
Galaxy formation (Massive BH)
Cosmology(Inflation, Dark energy)
Constraint on dark energy
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Information on acceleration of expansion of the universe
chirp waveformDistance:
Redshift: host galaxy
Angular resolution~10arcmin (1 detector)~10arcsec (3 detectors)
at z=1
Determine cosmological parameters
Absolute and independent measurement
DECIGO will observe104-5 NS binaries at z~1
Precise ‘clock’ at cosmological distance
‘Standard Siren’ Relationship between
distance and redshift NS-NS (z~1)
GW
DECIGO
Output
Expansion +Acceleration?
Time
Str
ain
Template(No Acceleration)
Real Signal ?
Phase Delay~1sec (10 years)
Seto, Kawamura, Nakamura, PRL 87, 221103 (2001)
Standard Sources
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Absolute poweror amplitude
Supernova (EM wave) Neutron-star binary (GW)‘Standard Candle’ ‘Standard Siren’
Extrapolated from nearby events
General Relativity
Event rate 2000/yr (SNAP) 104-5/yr (DECIGO)
Error in distance ~10%
Identificationof host galaxy
Others Uncertainty bydust absorption
Negligible interactionwith matters
<
<
<
~~
>Require multiple detectors
or statistics
R.Takahashi (2006)
10% at z=1
Easy?
Fig. fromSNAPweb page
IMBH inspiral and Merger
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
戎崎俊一(理化学研究所) 先生のwebページより引用http://atlas.riken.go.jp/~ebisu/smbh.html
DECIGO will observeIntermediate-mass BH (IMBH)
binary merger with SNR>6000 for z~1 source
Information on the formation of Supermassive BHs
at the center of galaxies
Stochastic Background GWs
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
LCGT and DECIGO
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
LCGT (~2014)Terrestrial Detector High frequency events
Target: GW detection
DECIGO (~2024)Space observatory Low frequency sources
Target: GW astronomy
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
1. DECIGOOverview and SciencePre-conceptual Design
2. DECIGO PathfinderOverview and ScienceDesign and Status
3. Summary
Pre-Conceptual Design
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Interferometer Unit: Differential FP interferometer
LaserPhoto-detector
Arm cavity
Drag-free S/C
Mirror
Arm length: 1000 kmMirror diameter: 1 mLaser wavelength:532 nmFinesse: 10Laser power: 10 WMirror mass: 100 kg
S/C: drag free3 interferometers
Interferometer Design
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Transponder type vs Direct-reflection type
10–4 10–3 10–2 10–1 100 101 102 10310–25
10–24
10–23
10–22
10–21
10–20
10–19
10–18
Frequency [Hz]
Stra
in
[1/H
z1/2 ]
LCGT
LISA
DECIGO(LISA type, 5x104km)
DECIGO(FP type, 1000km)
Laser: 10W, 532nmMass: 100kgMirror: 1m dia.
Decisive factor: Binary confusion noise
Compare : Sensitivity curves and Expected Sciences
Arm length
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Cavity arm length : Limited by diffraction lossEffective reflectivity (TEM00 TEM00)
Laser wavelength : 532nm Mirror diameter: 1mOptimal beam size
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 101010–4
10–3
10–2
10–1
100
Arm Length [m]
Rat
io o
f ava
ilabl
e po
wer
LISALCGTTAMA DECIGO Diff
ract
ion
Loss
(5x109m)(3x103m)(300 m)
Mirror diameter : 1mOptimal beam profile
(1x106m)
Nd:YAG laser : 532nm
1000 km is almost max.
Cavity and S/C control
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Local Sensor
Actuator
Displacement signal between the two Mirrors
Thruster Thruster
Displacement Signal between S/C and Mirror
Mirror
S/C 1 S/C 2
Fig: S. Kawamura
Cavity length changePDH error signal Mirror position (and Laser frequency)
Relative motion between mirror and S/CLocal sensor S/C thruster
Requirements
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Sensor NoiseShot noise 3 x 10-18 m/Hz1/2 (0.1 Hz)
Acceleration NoiseForce noise 4x10-17 N/Hz1/2 (0.1 Hz)
Other noises should be well below the shot noiseLaser freq. noise: 1 Hz/Hz1/2 (1Hz)
Stab. Gain 105, CMRR 105
x 10 of LCGT in phase noise
x 1/50 of LISA
External force sourcesFluctuation of magnetic field, electric field,
gravitational field, temperature, pressure, etc.
Orbit and Constellation
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Constellation
Record-disk orbit around the Sun
Relative acc. 4x10-12 m/s2
Halo orbit around L2 (or L1)
Relative acc. 4x10-7 m/s2
(Mirror force ~10-9 N )
(Mirror force ~10-4 N )
4 interferometer units
2 overlapped units Cross correlation2 separated units Angular resolution
overlappedunits
Separatedunit
Separatedunit
Candidate of orbit:
Roadmap
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Figure: S.Kawamura
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Mission
Objective
Space test of key tech.GW observation
Detect GW with min. spec
FP between S/C
GW astronomy
Design
Single small satelliteShort FP interferometer
3 S/C 1 interferometer unit
3 S/C x 3-4 units
DECIGO Pathfinder(DPF)
Pre-DECIGO DECIGO
R&DFabrication
R&DFabrication
R&DFabrication
SDS-1/SWIM
Organization
PI: Kawamura (NAOJ)Deputy: Ando (Tokyo)
Executive CommitteeKawamura (NAOJ), Ando (Tokyo), Seto (NAOJ), Nakamura (Kyoto),
Tsubono (Tokyo), Tanaka (Kyoto), Funaki (ISAS), Numata (Maryland), Sato (Hosei), Kanda (Osaka city), Takashima (ISAS), Ioka (Kyoto)
Pre-DECIGO
Sato (Hosei)
Satellite
Funaki (ISAS)
Science, Data
Tanaka (Kyoto)Seto (NAOJ)
Kanda (Osaka city)
DECIGO pathfinderLeader: Ando (Tokyo)
Deputy: Takashima (ISAS)
Detector
Ando (Kyoto)
Housing
Sato (Hosei)
LaserUeda (ILS)
Musya (ILS)
Drag freeMoriwaki (Tokyo)Sakai (ISAS)
Thruster
Funaki (ISAS)
Bus
Takashima (ISAS)
Data
Kanda (Osaka
city)
Detector
Numata (Maryland)
Ando (Kyoto)
Mission phaseDesign phase
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
1. DECIGOOverview and SciencePre-conceptual Design
2. DECIGO PathfinderOverview and ScienceDesign and Status
3. Summary
DECIGO-PF
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
DECIGO Pathfinder (DPF)
Single satellite(Payload ~1m3 , 350kg)
Low-earth orbit(Altitude 500km, sun synchronous)
30cm FP cavity with 2 test massesStabilized laser source Drag-free control
Local Sensor
Actuator
Thruster
First milestone mission for DECIGOShrink arm cavity
DECIGO 1000km DPF 30cm
DPF and DECIGO
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
DECIGO requirements
1000km FP cavityIFO control in spaceLow external forceLarge optics
Ultra stable LaserStabilization of sourceStabilization by long arm
Formation flightStable orbitInter S/C RangingDrag-free controlLow-noise thruster
ObservationData processionData analysisTriggered search
DPF requirements
Satellite disp.10-9 m/Hz1/2
Freq. Stability0.5 Hz/Hz1/2
Disp. noise6x10-16 m/Hz1/2 4x10-18 m/Hz1/2
Force noise10-14 N/Hz1/2
10-17 N/Hz1/2
Thruster noise10-7 N/Hz1/2
0.1 Hz bandObservation and Data analysis
Precise meas.by IFO
Stab. Laser
Drag-freecontrol
GW Obs.
1 Hz/Hz1/2
DPF mission payload
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Fabry-Perot interferometerFinesse : 100Length : 30cmTest mass : 1kgSignal extraction by PDH
Drag-free controlLocal sensor signal Feedback to thrusters
Mission weight : ~150kgMission space : ~90 x 90 x 90 cm
Laser source Yb:YAG laser (1030nm)Power : 25mWFreq. stab. by Iodine abs. line
DPF Sensitivity
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Satellite mass : 350kg, Area: 2m2
Altitude: 500kmThruster noise: 0.1μN/Hz1/2
Laser source : 1030nm, 25mW IFO length : 30cmFinesse : 100, Mirror mass : 1kgQ-factor : 105, Substrate: TBDTemperature : 293K (Preliminary parameters)
10–2 10–1 100 101 10210–18
10–17
10–16
10–15
10–14
10–13
10–12
10–11
10–18
10–17
10–16
10–15
10–14
10–13
10–12
Noi
se le
vel
[1/H
z1/2 ]
Frequency [Hz]
Shot noiseMirror thermal
Laser Radiation
Laser: 1030nm, 25mWFinesse: 100Mirror mass: 1kgQ–value of a mirror: 106
Cavity length: 30cm
pressure noiseThruster noise
PM acceleration Noise
Geogravity Laser Frequency
noise
Dis
plac
emen
t Noi
se
[m/H
z1/2 ]
Objectives of DPF
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
DPF sensitivity
10–4 10–2 100 102 104
10–26
10–24
10–22
10–20
10–18
10–16
Frequency [Hz]
Stra
in
[1/H
z1/2 ]
DECIGO
LCGT
Core-collapseSupernovae
NS binaryinspiral
ScoX-1(1yr)
Pulsar(1yr)
Massive BHinspirals
Galaxybinaries
Gravity-gradient noise(Terrestrial detectors)
DPF limit
Background GWsfrom early universe
(Ωgw=10-14)
DPF sensitivity h ~ 2x10-15 Hz1/2
(x10 of shot noise limit)
Foreground GWs
LISA
GW target of DPF
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Observable range reaches the Galactic center (SNR~5 )
BH QNM
h ~ 10-15 , f ~ 0.3 Hz Distance 1Mpc, m = 105 M sun
IMBH inspiral and merger
Obs. Duration (~1000sec)
h ~ 10-15 , f ~ 4 Hz Distance 10kpc, m = 103 M sun
KAGAYA
Blackholes eventsin our galaxy
Hard to access by others Original observation
103 104 105 10610–1
100
101
102
Obs
erva
ble
Ran
ge
Mass [Msolar]
[kpc
, SN
R=5
]
Galactic Center
BH QNMBH Inspiral
(By N.Kanda)
DPF targets
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Credit: NASA, STScI
BHs in Globular clustersBH masses estimated from star motion
Estimate SNR of GW signalsEqual mass, Mass ratio 1:1/3, 100Msun BH capture
(~150 Globular Clusters in our Galaxy)
(By N.Seto)
Gravity of the Earth
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Measure gravity field of the Earth for Satellite Orbits
Determine global gravity field Density distribution
Monitor of change in timeGround water motionStrains in crusts by
earthquakes and volcanoes
GPS satellite
東京大字地震研・新谷氏、
京都大学・福田氏の資料/情報提供
Observation Gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO
(2012-16) DPF contribution
in international network
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
1. DECIGOOverview and SciencePre-conceptual Design
2. DECIGO PathfinderOverview and ScienceDesign and Status
3. Summary
DPF satellite
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Stabilized. Laser source
Interferometermodule
Satellite Bus system
Solar Paddle
MissionThruster head
On-boardComputer
Bus thruster
Mast structure
Satellite Bus(‘Standard bus’ system)
DPF PayloadSize : 950mm cubeWeight : 150kgPower : 130WData Rate: 800kbpsMission thruster x12
Power SupplySpW Comm.
Size : 950x950x1100mm
Weight : 200kgSAP : 960W Battery: 50AHDownlink : 2MpbsDR: 1GByte3N Thrusters x 4
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Comparison with LPFLPF (LISA Pathfinder) DPF (DECIGO Pathfinder)
Stabilized Laser
InterferometerModule
Thruster Control Unit
Solar Paddle
Interfererometer Control Unit
Housing Control Unit
Mission Thrusters
Central Processing Unit
Bus Thrusters
Purpose
Launch
WeightOrbit
Test MassLaser sourceInterferometerSensitivity
Demonstration for LISA
2010Dedicated launcher (Vega)
1,900 kgHalo orbit around L1
Drag-free attitude controlAu-Pt alloy x2
Nd:YAG (1064nm)Mach-Zehnder
3x10-14 m/s2/Hz1/2 (1mHz)
Demonstration for DECIGO GW observation
~2013Dedicated launcher (M-V follow-on)
350 kgSSO altitude 500km
Drag-free attitude controlTBD x2
Yb:YAG (1030nm)Fabry-Perot
1x10-15 m/s2/Hz1/2 (0.1Hz)
SWIM launch
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Test of signal processing and control system
Photo:JAXA
CPU: HR5000(64bit, 33MHz)
System Memory:2MB Flash Memory4MB Burst SRAM4MB Asynch. SRAMData Recorder:1GB SDRAM1GB Flash MemorySpW: 3ch
SpaceCube2: Space-qualified Computer SWIMµν : User ModuleProcessor test board GW+Acc. sensor
FPGA boardDAC 16bit x 8 chADC 16bit x 4 ch 32 ch by MPX
Torsion Antenna x2~47g test mass
Size: 71 x 221 x 171Weight: 1.9 kgPower: 7W
Data Rate : 380kbpsSize: 124 x 224 x 174Weight: 3.5 kgPower: ~7W
Photo by JAXAPhoto by JAXA
SWIM (Space-wire Demonstration module)
on SDS-1 satelliteLaunched in Jan. 23, 2009
SWIMµν
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Tiny GW detector ~47g test masses inside Levitated control in space
Test mass
Photo sensor
Coil
TAM: Torsion Antenna Module with free-falling test mass (Size : 80mm cube, Weight : ~500g)
Reflective-type optical displacement sensor
Separation to mass ~1mmSensitivity ~ 10-9 m/Hz1/2
6 PSs to monitor mass motion
~47g Aluminum, Surface polishedSmall magnets for position control
Used for test-mass position control
Max current ~100mA
2 TAMs in the frame
SWIMmn Module
Successful control
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
SWIM In-orbit operation
z control on
yaw control on
Operation: May 12, 2009
Downlink: ~ a week
Test mass controlled
Damped oscillation(in pitch DoF)
Error signal zero
Signal injection OL trans. Fn.
Free oscillationin x and y DoF
R&D for DPF (1)
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Stabilized LaserBBM development
Yb:YAG (NPRO) sourceSaturated absorption by I2
Stability test, Packaging
By M.Musha
By S.Sato
IFO and housingBBM-EM development Test of concepts+ Earth gravity sensors
By A.Araya
R&D for DPF (2)
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
Attitude control and Drag-freeSatellite structure (mass distribution)
Passive attitude stabilization by gravity gradient
Mission thruster positionControl topology
ThrusterSystem design
with existing tech.Noise meas. system
(thruster stand) Development of Slit FEEP
By I.Funaki
ByS.Moriwaki
DPF mission status
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
DPF : One of the candidate ofJAXA’s small satellite series
At least 3 satellite in 5 years withStandard Bus + M-V follow-on rocket
1st mission (2012): SPRINT-A/EXCEED2nd mission (~20013) in selection
Candidates: 2 missions (ERG, DPF)
SPRINT-A /EXCEED
Hearing tomorrow!
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
1. DECIGOOverview and SciencePre-conceptual Design
2. DECIGO PathfinderOverview and ScienceDesign and Status
3. Summary
Summary
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
DECIGO : Fruitful Science
Very beginning of the UniverseDark energyGalaxy formation
DECIGO Pathfinder
Important milestone for DECIGOPreparing for the final selection
SWIM – under operation in orbitfirst precursor to space!
the 58th Fujihara Seminar (May 29, 2009, Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa)
End