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Page 1: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

1

ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks

Lecture 1: Introduction

Page 2: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

2

Computer Networks - Definition

A collection of autonomous but interconnected computers

Page 3: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

3

Hardware Component

local ISP

companynetwork

regional ISP

router workstation

servermobile

Network edgevs.Network core

Page 4: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

4

Network Edge

end systems (hosts) Client Server

client/server modelpeer-peer model

Page 5: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

5

Two Types of Communication Models – Client-Server Model

Page 6: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

6

Two Types of Communication Models – Peer-to-Peer Model

Page 7: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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Network Core – Information Transmission

Circuit switching Telephone system

Message switching Mail delivery The message travels as a complete unit. At any

one time, it completely exists in one place.

Packet switching The Internet

Page 8: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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Network Core: Circuit Switching

Reserved bandwidthCall setup required Call setup packet Along the path,

reserve bandwidth on the router

All later traffic will follow the fixed route

Guaranteed performance

Page 9: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

9

Network Core: Packet Switching

Data stream are divided into packetsEach packets use whole bandwidthNo resource is reserved beforehandEach packet is transmitted in store-and-forward fashion, one hop at a time

Page 10: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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How to Classify Networks – 1

By transmission technology Broadcast links

Broadcasting Multicasting LAN

Point-to-point links Unicasting WAN

Page 11: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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How to Classify Networks - 2

By scale

Page 12: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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How to Classify Networks - 3

By wireless or wired Wireless vs. mobile

Page 13: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

13

The Layered Design of Computer Network

Page 14: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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Why Layered? (An Example)

ticket (purchase)

baggage (check)

gates (load)

runway takeoff

airplane routing

ticket (complain)

baggage (claim)

gates (unload)

runway landing

airplane routing

airplane routing

Dep

art

ing

air

port

arr

ivin

g

air

port

intermediate air traffic sites

airplane routing airplane routing

Page 15: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

15

Why Layered Architecture?

explicit structure allows identification, relationship of complex system’s piecesmodularization eases maintenance, updating of system change of implementation of layer’s

service transparent to rest of system e.g., change in gate procedure doesn’t

affect rest of system

To conquer complexity

Page 16: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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OSI vs. TCP/IP application

presentation

session

transport

network

link

physical

application

transport

network

link

physical

Page 17: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

17

Layering: Logical Communication

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

data

data

data

application

application

ack

E.g.: applicationOpen a brower

Type in web address (send in a request)

wait for peer to ack receipt and return result

Page 18: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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Layering: Physical Communication

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

data

data

Page 19: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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Three Concepts

ServicesInterfacesProtocols

Page 20: 1 ECE453 - Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 1: Introduction

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Primary Services Provided in Each Layer

Application (end system) Client/server paradigm Application layer protocol design

Transport layer (end system) Reliable data transfer service Congestion control Multiplexing/demultiplexing service

Network layer Routing addressing

Link layer Error correction addressing Flow control

Physical layer


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